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Kusuma, Putu Riski Ananda
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Humanities Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Urgency of new regulatory on subsurface ownership and vertical depth boundaries in the national agrarian law: embracing Pancasila principles Sukmaningsih, Ni Komang Irma Adi; Kusuma, Putu Riski Ananda
Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jppkn.v7i1.105137

Abstract

This article examines the critical need for a Pancasila-oriented reconstruction of regulatory norms governing subsurface ownership and vertical land demarcation in Indonesia. Rapid urbanization and infrastructural development have exposed the inadequacy of the current two-dimensional land law framework, including the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and Government Regulation No. 18/2021, which fail to provide measurable vertical boundaries, 3D cadastral registration, or clear allocation of underground space for public and private use. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study identifies gaps in legal certainty, institutional harmonization, environmental protection, and the safeguarding of customary and indigenous communities. The findings highlight the urgent need to establish measurable vertical property boundaries, a functional 3D cadastre, a distinct Right to Subsurface Space, harmonized institutional authority, environmental and social safeguards, and specialized dispute resolution mechanisms. Anchoring these reforms within the principles of Pancasila ensures equitable justice, participatory governance, and sustainable urban development. The study concludes that modernizing subsurface property regulation is essential for legal certainty, inclusive development, and the realization of agrarian justice in Indonesia’s three-dimensional spatial era.
Co-Authors Agus David Trsitan Ananta Ardhya, Si Ngurah Ariyuda, I Made Astuti, Ni Putu Winda Ave Christina Hananda Cucumandalin, I Ketut Samuel Dewa Bagus Sanjaya Gayatri, Gusti Ayu Dyah I Kadek Darmana Adi Putra I Wayan Landrawan Indah Lestari Kadek Mei Eriani Putri Kadek Nova Adistiya Komang Febrinayanti Dantes Made Sugi Hartono Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani Ni Putu Ega Parwati Putu Ocha Dana Parwata Ratna Artha Windari Ricky Simarmata Siregar, Anil Refalzey Sukmaningsih, Ni Komang Irma Adi Winanda, I Kadek Tampan Nova