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All Journal Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat Manna Rafflesia PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Jurnal Amanat Agung Luxnos : Jurnal Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Dunia SCRIPTA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan Kontekstual BONAFIDE: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen IMMANUEL: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Sabda : Jurnal Teologi Kristen Jurnal PkM Setiadharma DIEGESIS: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika ALUCIO DEI Danum Pambelum: Jurnal Teologi dan Musik Gereja Lentera Nusantara TEMISIEN: Jurnal Teologi, Misi, dan Entrepreneurship Sesawi: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Khamisyim : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Jurnal Teologi Rai GRAFTA: Journal of Christian Religion Education and Biblical Studies Jurnal Lampo
Iman Kristina Halawa
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu
Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Isu-Isu Kristologi Kontemporer: Memahami Ketuhanan Yesus Di Tengah Tantangan Global Halawa, Iman Kristina
Jurnal Lentera Nusantara Vol 4, No 1 (2024): Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen (Desember 2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kanaan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59177/jln.v4i1.326

Abstract

This research is based on the increasing religious pluralism and social challenges faced by modern society that often question the identity and role of Jesus Christ. This discussion represents an important phase in the formation of Christian doctrine on the identity and role of Jesus Christ. Through a historical and theological overview, this article explores how concepts such as the divinity and humanity of Jesus, as well as His relationship with God the Father. The discussion includes the views of various theological groups, including the Gnostics, Ebionites, and Arius, as well as the responses of the church represented by the Council of Nikea and the Council of Chalcedon.  The research used a qualitative approach by analyzing literature from relevant theological and social sources. The results show that the church can use an inclusive and contextualized understanding of Christology to solve humanitarian and social problems and to build constructive interfaith conversations.  The purpose of this research is to see how people understand Jesus as God in the context of modern Christology, and how this teaching is relevant to the challenges facing the world today.  This research is expected to provide insight into the development of contemporary theology and pastoral practice in the modern era, which is based on the growing religious pluralism and social challenges faced.AbstrakPenelitian ini didasari oleh meningkatnya pluralisme agama dan tantangan sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat modern yang seringkali mempermasalahkan identitas dan peran Yesus Kristus. Dalam pembahasan ini merupakan fase penting dalam pembentukan doktrin Kristen tentang identitas dan peran Yesus Kristus. Melalui tinjauan historis dan teologis, artikel ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana konsep-konsep seperti keilahian dan kemanusiaan Yesus, serta hubungan-nya dengan Allah Bapa. Diskusi ini mencakup pandangan-pandangan dari berbagai kelompok teologis, termasuk Gnostik, Ebionit dan Arius, serta respon-respon dari gereja yang diwakili oleh Konsili Nikea dan Konsili Kalsedon.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganalisis literatur dari sumber teologis dan sosial yang relevant. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gereja dapat menggunakan pemahaman Kristologi yang inklusif dan kontekstual untuk menyelesaikan masalah kemanusiaan dan sosial serta untuk membangun percakapan antaragama yang konstruktif.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana orang memahami Yesus sebagai Tuhan dalam konteks Kristologi modern, dan bagaimana ajaran ini relevant dengan tantangan yang dihadapi dunia saat ini.  Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan tentang perkembangan teologi dan praktek pastoral kontemporer di era modern, yang didasari oleh semakin pluralisme agama dan tantangan sosial yang dihadapi.
PENGAMPUNAN DALAM KITAB NABI-NABI: KAJIAN TEOLOGIS UNTUK GEREJA MASA KINI Halawa, Iman Kristina; Saut Maruli P. Panggabean
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi Desember
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v1i3.67

Abstract

Because of man's fall into sin, the relationship between God and man has been broken. As a result, man needs God's forgiveness. Sin hinders man's relationship with God. Forgiveness, which demonstrates God's loving and gracious nature, is a central theme of Christian theology. In the OT, the concept of forgiveness of sins can be seen from the lives of theprophets who suffered and were persecuted by their people but still provided guidance to others. This research uses a variety of literature research, this research applies a qualitative approach. The purpose of this research is to help modern believers understand how spiritual prophets from the past behaved towards their fellow human beings.   To build harmonious relationships in the midst of conflict and division, forgiveness is important in the contemporary church.   This study emphasises that a deep understanding of forgiveness can help each member of the congregation unite and reconcile while practising tangible deeds of love in daily life.  Therefore, this article assists the theological discussion on forgiveness in the contemporary spiritual and social world.             
Korelasi Higher Criticisim atas Inerrancy Alkitab bagi Iman Kristen Halawa, Iman Kristina; Purwonugroho, Daniel Pesah
GRAFTA: Journal of Christian Religion Education and Biblical Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): GRAFTA: Journal of Christian Religion Education and Biblical Studies
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

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Abstract

This article is composed to explore the meaning of higher criticism concerning the inerrancy of the Bible and its impact on the Christian faith. The Bible as the word of God is a core doctrine in the Christian faith that cannot be negotiated. When reading the Bible, readers must submit themselves to the system of biblical understanding. Reading the Bible and subsequently engaging in textual criticism of the Bible is considered an incorrect approach. Criticism of the Bible, whether textual or historical criticism, began to particularly develop during the Enlightenment era. Biblical inerrancy is a statement asserting that the Bible is without error. The relationship between biblical inerrancy and biblical criticism is dialectical in nature. The author employs a descriptive qualitative research method to demonstrate that the Bible possesses the attribute of inerrancy, is a revelation from God, and to conduct exegetical studies from both the Old and New Testaments to provide authentic evidence for the strengthening of the Christian faith.
Literasi Teologi Digital: Menjawab Tantangan Disrupsi dalam Pendidikan Kristen Kontemporer Situmorang, Anen Mangapul; Halawa, Iman Kristina
GRAFTA: Journal of Christian Religion Education and Biblical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): GRAFTA: Journal of Christian Religion Education and Biblical Studies
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

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Abstract

The digital revolution has triggered disruption in various fields, including in the education system and religious practices. Contemporary Christian education is faced with the challenge of adapting to the rapid development of information technology without losing the essence of faith values. This research aims to explore the concept of digital theological literacy as a strategic approach in responding to the disruption challenge. Using a literature study method and a theological-contextual approach, this article analyses the urgency of developing digital competencies based on Christian values, both among educators and students. The results of the study show that digital theological literacy includes not only technical skills, but also critical abilities in understanding, filtering, and reflecting on digital information based on theological principles. This literacy plays an important role in forming a solid faith identity, encouraging learning transformation, and maintaining spiritual integrity in the midst of digital globalisation. Therefore, the integration of digital theological literacy in the Christian education curriculum is needed as a form of strategic and prophetic response to the era of disruption.
Philosophical Theological Analysis of Stone Jumping Culture In Nias Iman Kristina Halawa* Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu *imankristinahalawasttab@gmail.com Firman Jaya Hia Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu Abstract Culture is a characteristic that expresses the local identity of an area. Culture becomes a unifying method in each region following the beliefs held by each region. Culture is built based on the background of historical phenomena that occur and has its philosophy. Halawa, Iman Kristina; Hia, Firman Jaya
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 21 No 1 (2025): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v21i1.454

Abstract

Culture is a characteristic that expresses the local identity of an area. Culture becomes a unifying method in each region following the beliefs held by each region. Culture is built based on the background of historical phenomena that occur and has its philosophy. This research analyzes the philosophical value of the Nias stone-jumping tradition based on a theological perspective. This research uses qualitative research to provide understanding to the people of Nias, who are always enthusiastic about maintaining and preserving the Homba Batu culture. This research results in finding a rock jumping culture that can shape the leadership spirit of Nias' young generation based on the Bible.
Kristus Dalam Tabernakel: Studi Teologis Kristosentris Terhadap Tipologi Perjanjian Lama Gulo, Rencana; Halawa, Iman Kristina; Halawa, Mediana
Jurnal Lentera Nusantara Vol 4, No 2 (2025): Lentera Nusantara: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kanaan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59177/jln.v4i2.388

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi struktur dan simbolisme Tabernakel dalam Perjanjian Lama sebagai tipologi teologis yang menunjuk kepada pribadi dan karya penebusan Yesus Kristus. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kristosentris dan hermeneutika redemptive-historical, penelitian ini menelusuri setiap elemen utama Tabernakel—seperti mezbah korban bakaran, bejana pembasuhan, meja roti sajian, kandil emas, mezbah ukupan, tabir pemisah, dan tabut perjanjian—sebagai bayangan dari realitas yang digenapi dalam kehidupan, kematian, dan kebangkitan Kristus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Tabernakel bukan sekadar struktur liturgis bangsa Israel, melainkan kerangka naratif dan eskatologis yang terintegrasi dalam rencana keselamatan Allah. Kristus tampil sebagai penggenapan peran Imam Besar, korban pendamaian, dan tempat kediaman Allah. Penelitian ini juga mengisi kesenjangan ilmiah dalam kajian teologi biblika yang jarang membahas tipologi Tabernakel secara sistematis dalam terang Kristologi.
BUDAYA KRISTIANI SEBAGAI HIBRIDITAS BUDAYA: Halawa, Iman Kristina; Suhadi
Jurnal Amanat Agung Vol 20 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Amanat Agung Vol. 20 No. 2 Desember 2024
Publisher : STT Amanat Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47754/jaa.v20i2.668

Abstract

ABSTRAK Budaya Kristiani sebagai sistem norma dan nilai yang dianut oleh umat Kristen bukan hanya melingkupi elemen ritual dan keagamaan, tetapi pun mengambarkan interaksi dengan budaya lokal dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam jaman globalisasi. Melalui perspektif kualitatif dan etnografi, penelitian ini menginvestigasi bagaimana nilai-nilai Kristiani diinternalsasi pada perilaku budaya sehari-hari dan bagaimana struktur sosial pada umat Kristen membentuk identitas kolektif anggotanya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa agama berperan menentukan dalam pembentukan identitas sosial umat Kristiani, di mana perbuatan keagamaan dan aktivitas sosial di gereja meningkatkan ikatan indra dari individu kepada umat. Selain itu, perpaduan sosial dalam umat Kristen dipengaruhi dari latar kebudayaan, ekonomi, dan pendidikan, yang selalu menjadi tempat perlindungan dan dukungan bagi anggotanya. Penelitian ini pun menyoroti dampak dari globalisasi atas budaya hidup umat Kristiani, yang membawahi peluang akan pertumbuhan tetapi sebaliknya menuntut umat akan tetap kritis dalam menegakkan nilai-nilai iman kristen. Integrasi diantara antropologi dan sosiologi memberikan wawasan yang lebih lengkap mengenai bagaimana umat Kristen menyesuaikan dan mengembangkan diri dalam konteks sosial yang lebih luas. Kata Kunci :
Esther’s Stand Against Injustice: Theology for Women’s Political Participation in Indonesia Halawa, Iman Kristina; Purwonugroho, Daniel Pesah; Adi, Didit Yuliantono
Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat Vol 9 No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Simpson Ungaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46445/ejti.v9i2.954

Abstract

This article is designed with the aim of tracing Esther's example in suing for justice in the face of power. Queen Esther's courage in the Book of Esther, especially her action against King Ahasuerus without an invitation, is a representation of courage against potential injustice. Queen Esther's courage was not blind courage but courage with wise strategy. This study looks at how Esther's actions have affected modern leadership and how courage and wisdom can serve as examples for Christian communities and leaders today. This study can inspire modern leadership to dare to declare an injustice lawsuit against the rulers. The research uses the method of religious research to respond to the injustice in the face of power that threatened the Jewish nation under the rule of King Ahasuerus. The results of this study show that fighting injustice must be accompanied by a wise strategy and trust in God's providence for the Jewish nation by returning to moral principles and values. This research contributes in the form of a theological reflection for Christian women to emulate Esther in facing injustice in Indonesia.
Theological Basis for Obedience to the Government During the Covid-2019 Pandemic in Indonesia Supriadi, Made Nopen; Gulo, Manase; Halawa, Iman Kristina
Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat Vol 5 No 2 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Simpson Ungaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46445/ejti.v5i2.372

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic continues to increase its spread. The government has made efforts to contain the space by enacting several health protocols by March 2020. However, many Indonesians have not followed through on this appeal, and this situation also occurs in the context of the church. The Covid-19 pandemic is predicted to subside at the end of August or early September 2020, but this has not been realized. The authors observe the phenomenon of failure to recognize this due to a lack of adherence to health protocols. Obedience is an important principle that needs to be understood and implemented by all Indonesian people, especially Christians and church leaders. This research used the descriptive method to identify the phenomenon to get to the main problem, namely the concept of obedience. This research got the theological formulation of obedience to the government, namely priestly service, political service, and submission to government policies that have justice and humanity values.  ABSTRAKPandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) terus meningkat penyebarannya. Pemerintah telah melakukan upaya untuk mengatasi penyebaran dengan memberlakukan beberapa protokol kesehatan pada bulan Maret 2020, namun masih banyak masyarakat Indonesia belum menaati imbauan tersebut, dan situasi tersebut juga terjadi dalam konteks gereja. Pandemi Covid-19 diprediksi akan reda pada akhir Agustus atau awal September 2020, namun hal tersebut tidak terealisasi. Penulis mengamati fenomena gagalnya realisasi tersebut karena kurangnya ketaatan terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan. Ketaatan adalah prinsip penting yang perlu dimengerti dan diimplementasikan oleh seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, secara khusus bagi umat Kristen dan para pemimpin gereja. Penelitian ini memakai metode deskriptif melakukan identifikasi fenomena untuk mendapatkan pokok permasalahan yaitu konsep ketaatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi teologis ketaatan kepada pemerintah yaitu pelayanan keimaman, pelayanan politis dan ketundukan kepada kebijakan pemerintah yang memiliki nilai keadilan serta kemanusiaan.
Analisis Fenomenologis Terhadap Pembatasan Pembacaan Kitab Kidung Agung Dalam Konteks Ibadah Kristen Di Sekolah Tinggi Teolog Arastamar Bengkulu Halawa, Iman Kristina; Supriadi, Made Nopen; Dilla, Minggus; Waharman, Waharman; Ayawaila, Estherlina Maria
Danum Pambelum: Jurnal Teologi dan Musik Gereja Vol 2 No 1 (2022): DPJTMG: Mei
Publisher : Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54170/dp.v2i1.83

Abstract

The Song of Solomon is one of the books of Poetry. This book has been accepted into canonization as an inspired writing by God. This book gets a lot of attacks and criticisms as a book that does not deserve to be called the word of God because many sentences have erotic nuances, the phenomenological implications of this book rarely get a portion in readings in Christian Worship, even the majority of Christians suggest not to use the Song of Solomon as a reference. Reading in a general context and only read in a special class and the phenomenon occurs in the context of College Theology Students. In addition, the Song of Solomon also raises debates regarding the approach to reading the book. Through qualitative methods, specifically descriptive and phenomenological analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Song of Solomon needs to get a place in Christian worship readings, but before entering the general reading of the Song of Solomon it is necessary to study it specifically to avoid misunderstanding the theological meaning in every word and sentence that has an erotic feel. Kitab Kidung Agung adalah salah satu kitab Puisi. Kitab ini telah diterima dalam kanonisasi sebagai tulisan yang diilhamkan oleh Allah. Kitab ini banyak mendapatkan serangan dan kritikan sebagai kitab yang tidak pantas disebut sebagai firman Allah karena ada banyak kalimat yang bernuansa erotis, implikasi secara fenomenologis kitab ini jarang mendapatkan porsi dalam pembacaan di Ibadah Kristen, bahkan mayoritas umat Kristen menyarankan untuk tidak menggunakan kitab Kidung Agung sebagai pembacaan dalam konteks umum dan hanya dibaca dalam kelas khusus dan fenomena tersebut terjadi dalam konteks Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Teologi. Selain itu kitab Kidung Agung juga menimbulkan perdebatan dalam hal pendekatan pembacaan kitab. Melalui metode kualitatif secara khusus melakukan analisis deskriptif dan fenomenologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kitab Kidung Agung perlu mendapatkan tempat dalam pembacaan di ibadah Kristen, namun sebelum memasuki pembacaan umum kitab Kidung Agung perlu dipelajari secara khusus untuk menghindari kesalahpahaman makna teologis dalam setiap kata dan kalimat yang bernuansa erotik.
Co-Authors Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho Didit Yuliantono Adi Estherlina Maria Ayawaila Gulo, Rencana Gusman Novir Giawa Halawa, Mediana Hia, Firman Jaya Juliusman Halawa Junius Ediman Laia Made Nopen Supriadi Manase Gulo Martha Bela Wowo Minggus Dilla Panggabean, Saut Maruli Purwonugroho, Daniel Pesah Regueli Daeli Regueli Daeli Samuel Purdaryanto Saut Maruli P. Panggabean Saut Maruli P. Panggabean Saut Maruli P. Panggabean Sesatonis, Yos Adoni Situmorang, Anen Mangapul Suarman Giawa Suhadi Suhadi Suhadi Vincesius Waharman, Waharman Yohanes Dian Alpasa Yosafat Gratia Prasetyo