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All Journal Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Abdimas Talenta : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Buletin Farmatera Amerta Nutrition Journal of Saintech Transfer SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya (Surabaya Psychiatry Journal) Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectious Disease (JETROMI) Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Balatif, Ridwan
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Broken Heart Syndrome: Berawal dari Stres Menuju Gagal Jantung Sukma, Alshafiera Azayyana Mawadhani; Balatif, Ridwan
SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/scripta.v3i2.7742

Abstract

Background: When stress conditions can be the root of various diseases, one of which is Broken Heart Syndrome (BHS). It is estimated that 90% of cases of BHS occur in women who have entered postmenopause. The mortality from BHS cases is quite high, reaching 2-5% with the main cause of death due to cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation. Objective: To provide the latest information about BHS from various literatures. Methods: Writing this article using a literature searching method. Search for articles using the help of search engines in the form of Google Scholar, Pubmed and Clinicalkey with articles that have been published in the last 10 years and in English. Discussion: Prolonged physical stress conditions can trigger BHS. Risk factors associated with BHS conditions include age over 55 years, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a history of anxiety and hyperlipidemia. Complications can occur in 52% of cases of BHS. Mortality in BHS cases tended to be higher in BHS cases that was triggered by physical factors than that triggered by emotional factors. Conclusion: BHS is a condition that occurs after emotional stress or physical stress, so controlling the stress triggers is expected to prevent the occurrence of BHS. Keywords: broken heart syndrome, stress, heart failure   Latar belakang: Kondisi stres saat dapat menjadi akar dari berbagai macam penyakit salah satunya Broken Heart Syndrome (BHS). Diperkirakan 90% kasus BHS terjadi pada perempuan yang sudah memasuki postmenopause. Mortalitas dari kasus BHS cukup tinggi yakni mencapai 2-5% dengan penyebab kematian utama dikarenakan shok kardiogenik dan ventrikular fibrilasi. Tujuan: Memberikan informasi terkini seputar BHS dari berbagai literatur. Metode: Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature searching. Pencarian artikel menggunakan bantuan mesin pencari berupa Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan Clinicalkey dengan artikel yang telah dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir dan berbahasa Inggris. Pembahasan: Kondisi stres fisik yang berkepanjangan dapat mencetuskan BHS. Faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kondisi BHS berupa usia diatas 55 tahun, merokok, konsumsi alkohol berlebih, riwayat ansietas dan hiperlipidemia. Komplikasi dapat terjadi pada 52% kasus BHS. Mortalitas pada kasus BHS cenderung lebih tinggi pada kasus BHS yang dipicu oleh faktor fisik dibandingkan yang dipicu oleh faktor emosi. Kesimpulan: BHS ini adalah kondisi yang timbul pasca stres emosional atau fisik sehingga dengan mengendalikan faktor pencetus stres ini diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya BHS. Kata Kunci: broken heart syndrome, stres, gagal jantung
Recent Development on HIV Variants and HIV Vaccine Balatif, Ridwan; Harahap, Fadlan Hafizh; Almira, Isni Dhiyah
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 49 No 12 (2022): Dermatologi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v49i12.328

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus from the Retrovirus family that attacks human immune cells, especially T lymphocytes. The increasing number of HIV cases requires a more effective preventive measure; among others is through vaccination. Although it has been about 40 years, there is no HIV vaccine on the market yet. It can be because of many variations of HIV and each country has its own dominant HIV variant. In addition, the ability of HIV virus to evade immune responses, high mutation rates, and limited experimental animals add to the difficulties to develop effective vaccines. As of May 2022, 16 vaccines are currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials. Among HIV vaccines that have already undergone phase III clinical trials, only RV 144 vaccine gave promising results, with efficacy reaching 31.2%. The development of the HIV vaccine continues to obtain a safe and effective HIV vaccine. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan virus dari famili Retrovirus yang menyerang sel imun manusia terutama limfosit T. Kasus infeksi HIV yang terus meningkat, membutuhkan tindakan pencegahan yang lebih efektif antara lain dengan vaksin HIV. Tetapi, meskipun sudah sekitar 40 tahun, belum ada vaksin HIV yang diedarkan. Hal ini bisa karena banyaknya variasi HIV serta tiap negara memiliki varian HIV dominan yang berbeda. Selain itu, kemampuan HIV menghindari respon imun, laju mutasi yang tinggi, ditambah dengan keterbatasan hewan coba, menyulitkan pembuatan vaksin. Hingga bulan Mei 2022 terdapat 16 vaksin yang tengah menjalani uji klinis fase I/II. Di antara vaksin HIV yang sudah pernah menjalani uji klinis fase III, hanya vaksin RV 144 yang memberikan hasil menjanjikan yakni efikasi mencapai 31,2%. Perkembangan vaksin HIV terus berlanjut untuk mendapatkan vaksin HIV yang aman dan efektif.
Co-Authors Adi Winata Almira, Isni Dhiyah Alshafiera Azayyana Mawadhani Sukma Hamdi, Ibnati Amira Harahap, Fadlan Hafizh Hutagalung, Haflin Soraya Lubis, Nenni Dwi Aprianti Merina Panggabean Nainggolan, Bahagia Willibrordus Maria Panggabean, Ridha Inayah Sianturi, Chaca Theresia Sri Amelia Sri Amelia, Sri Sukma, Alshafiera Azayyana Mawadhani Theresa, Cindy Calista Yosi, Ariyati