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All Journal JURNAL LENTERA : Kajian Keagamaan, Keilmuan dan Teknologi JURNAL MUQODDIMAH : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora Berumpun: international journal of social, politics and humanities Jurnal Menara Ekonomi : Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Global Political Studies Journal Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Jurnal Kreatif : Desain Produk Industri dan Arsitektur GOVERNANCE: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal dan Pembangunan Idarah Tarbawiyah: Journal of Management in Islamic Education Jurnal Kreativitas dan Inovasi (Jurnal Kreanova) Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities
Azmi, Fuad
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Religion Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEACHING FACTORY, PROJECT BASED LEARNING, DAN PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORASI TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA PESERTA DIDIK SMKN 2 PAYAKUMBUH Azmi, Fuad; Yulihasri, Yulihasri
Jurnal Menara Ekonomi : Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi Vol 11, No 1 (2025): VOLUME XI NO. 1 OKTOBER 2025
Publisher : Jurnal Menara Ekonomi : Pelatihan dan Kajian Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31869/me.v11i1.7175

Abstract

Salah satu tantangan utama dalam dunia pendidikan saat ini adalah kurangnya kesiapan kerja lulusan, yang terlihat dari rendahnya tingkat penyerapan tenaga kerja. Sementara itu kebutuhan tenaga kerja di sektor industri diperkirakan meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi yang terus bertambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesiapan kerja peserta didik di SMKN 2 Payakumbuh yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel model pembelajaran teaching factory, project-based learning, dan pembelajaran kolaborasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 234 orang. Penentuan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik proportionate random sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa secara parsial terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara model pembelajaran teaching factory, project-based learning, dan pembelajaran kolaborasi terhadap kesiapan kerja peserta didik di SMKN 2 Payakumbuh. Secara simultan juga terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara model pembelajaran teaching factory, project-based learning, dan pembelajaran kolaborasi terhadap kesiapan kerja peserta didik di SMKN 2 Payakumbuh.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory, Project-Based Learning, Pembelajaran Kolaborasi, Kesiapan Kerja 
Diplomasi Paralel Yogyakarta terhadap Victoria, Australia dalam Pelestarian dan Pengembangan Warisan Budaya Daerah Jannah, Fajar Nur Roudhotul; Azmi, Fuad
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v9n2.10

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the parallel diplomacy activities by DIY towards Victoria, Australia in the preservation and development of local cultural heritage. Local cultural heritage plays an important role in strengthening the identity of a region and can be used as an opportunity for cooperation. DIY, which is known as the center of Javanese culture, is aware of this potential and strives to preserve and develop cultural heritage by utilizing international networks, namely parallel diplomacy. The concept of parallel diplomacy used in this research makes the foreign actions taken by DIY legitimate in the national and international law. The approach used in this research is qualitative with interview techniques and document studies. The findings obtained from this research show that DIY's parallel diplomacy does not only introduce local culture to global parties, but also strengthens relationships between actors and produces concrete cooperation in the context of preserving and developing local cultural heritage.
DARI TRADISI MENJADI PRESTASI: MEMBANGUN DESA BAGOLO SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA HALAL Alam, Gilang Nur; Azmi, Fuad; Akim; Habibullah, Ali Zahid
Jurnal Kreativitas dan Inovasi (Jurnal Kreanova) Vol 5 No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24034/kreanova.v5i3.7248

Abstract

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat budaya dan tradisi lokal sebagai daya tarik wisata halal di Desa Bagolo, Kabupaten Pangandaran. Program ini didasari oleh potensi besar Desa Bagolo dalam mengembangkan ekowisata berbasis budaya yang selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip pariwisata halal. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini menggunakan kombinasi metode Pelatihan dan Pendidikan Masyarakat, yang diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas warga Desa Bagolo dalam mengembangkan potensi budaya lokal sebagai daya tarik wisata halal. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan beberapa luaran, termasuk video promosi kreatif dan pelatihan kapasitas masyarakat dalam memahami potensi ekonomi dari pelestarian budaya lokal. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan budaya dalam pengembangan wisata halal tidak hanya memperkuat daya tarik destinasi, tetapi juga meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pelestarian tradisi sebagai aset ekonomi berkelanjutan. Selain itu, kegiatan ini berhasil menumbuhkan semangat kolaboratif antarwarga dalam mengelola dan mempromosikan potensi wisata halal. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini menegaskan bahwa sinergi antara pelestarian budaya dan strategi wisata halal mampu memperkuat posisi Desa Bagolo sebagai destinasi wisata halal unggulan di Jawa Barat.
Bandung City's Parallel Diplomacy in Marketing MSMEs Through the Little Bandung Program in Petaling Jaya Ramdan, Intan Agatha; Azmi, Fuad
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i2.2989

Abstract

This article discusses the parallel diplomacy practiced by the Bandung City Government through the Little Bandung Program as a marketing strategy for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) at the international level. The background of this research stems from the increasing role of subnational actors in international relations and the need for local governments to expand market access for MSMEs as drivers of the local economy. This study aims to analyze how parallel diplomacy is implemented by the Bandung City Government in the Little Bandung program and the role of MSMEs as societal actors supporting subnational diplomacy. This study uses a qualitative approach through the collection of primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data through document studies and relevant literature. The results show that Little Bandung is a practice of parallel diplomacy that is autonomous, based on regional needs, and carried out through cross-actor collaboration, including the city government, MSMEs, foreign partners, and the diaspora community. MSMEs not only play a role as objects of promotion but are also actively involved in cross-cultural interactions and the formation of international economic networks. This study concludes that MSME-based parallel diplomacy can be a strategic instrument for local governments to promote the internationalization of the local economy and enrich the study of subnational diplomacy in International Relations studies.
Parallel Diplomacy of the City of Solo for Regional Culture Preservation through Solo International Performing Arts (SIPA) Khairunnisa, Ayuningtyas; Azmi, Fuad
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i2.3038

Abstract

This study analyzes the parallel diplomacy practices of Solo City in preserving regional culture through the implementation of Solo International Performing Arts (SIPA) for the 2021-2025 period. The main issues examined are the suboptimal parallel diplomacy framework, declining interest of the younger generation in traditional arts, and minimal follow-up on international cooperation after the event. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through semi-structured interviews with the Director of SIPA and officials from the Solo City Tourism, Youth, and Sports Agency, direct observation at SIPA 2025, and a study of official documents from the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy and the Solo City Government. The results of the study show that the Solo City Government acts as an autonomous initiator, facilitator, and coordinator in SIPA without explicit direction from the central government, fulfilling the characteristics of parallel diplomacy through subnational initiatives, cross-actor involvement, and an orientation towards preserving the local identity of "The Spirit of Java". Analysis using Brian Hocking's framework reveals that Solo has the capacity to act through independent decision-making, the capability to manage through managing relations with an average of 8-10 participating countries annually, and the capacity to promote through a multi-platform strategy that increases tourist visits by 12 percent per year. The study concludes that SIPA has succeeded in creating a foundation for cultural preservation with a 40 percent increase in youth participation and the regeneration of artists, despite still facing challenges in program sustainability and the institutionalization of systematic follow-up mechanisms.
Cimahi’s Parallel Diplomacy in Developing Cultural Tourism in Kampung Adat Cireundeu Zahra, Mayra Zahabiya; Azmi, Fuad
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i3.3113

Abstract

This article examines how parallel diplomacy is practiced by the Cimahi City Government in developing tourism in Kampung Adat Cireundeu, a traditional village in West Java. In contemporary international relations, subnational actors and local communities increasingly engage in international activities to pursue their regional interests. Despite its cultural potential, tourism development in Kampung Adat Cireundeu still faces challenges related to promotion and limited international exposure. This research aims to analyze the forms of parallel diplomacy and to examine the roles of governmental and societal actors in supporting tourism development. The research employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with 6 key informants from government officials, indigenous community members, tourism actors, and visitors, supported by document analysis and digital research. The findings show that parallel diplomacy in Cimahi remains at an early stage and mainly occurs through exploratory interactions rather than formal international cooperation. Meanwhile, the indigenous community of Kampung Adat Cireundeu facilitates international interaction through cultural tourism activities, highlighting the importance of collaboration between local governments and community actors. These findings imply the need for stronger institutional support and strategic collaboration to enhance international exposure and sustainable tourism development.
PERAN PROGRAM BUMN GO GLOBAL TERHADAP PENGUATAN DIPLOMASI EKONOMI INDONESIA Zahra, Mayra Zahabiya; Dermawan, Windy; Azmi, Fuad
GOVERNANCE: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal dan Pembangunan Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026): 2026 Maret
Publisher : Lembaga Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Politik (LKISPOL)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56015/gjikplp.v13i3.756

Abstract

This study examines the role of the BUMN Go Global program as an instrument of Indonesia’s economic diplomacy amid increasing global economic fragmentation. Using a qualitative approach based on document analysis of official policies and institutional reports, the study analyzes how Indonesian state-owned enterprises (BUMNs) expand internationally through overseas operations, strategic partnerships, and outbound investments supported by diplomatic institutions. The findings indicate that the program strengthens Indonesia’s economic diplomacy by enhancing national economic representation, reinforcing bilateral economic relations, and supporting nation branding through BUMN-led international projects. The study further shows that BUMNs function as semi-state actors operating at the intersection of commercial objectives and foreign policy strategy. However, structural challenges persist, including inter-agency coordination gaps, internal capacity disparities, and regulatory and political risks in host countries. Overall, the study highlights the growing role of state-owned enterprises in shaping contemporary economic diplomacy beyond traditional diplomacy and contributes to the literature by positioning BUMNs as semi-state diplomatic actors in global governance.
DIPLOMASI PARALEL KOTA TANGERANG TERHADAP KOTA YANTAI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN UMKM Ratnadewati, Syafa; Azmi, Fuad; Dermawan, Windy
GOVERNANCE: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal dan Pembangunan Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026): 2026 Maret
Publisher : Lembaga Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Politik (LKISPOL)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56015/gjikplp.v13i3.765

Abstract

This research examines the practice of parallel diplomacy conducted by Tangerang City toward Yantai City in the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) development. The study is grounded in a constructivist approach in international relations, which conceptualizes diplomacy as a social process shaping identities, interests, and shared meanings among actors. Parallel diplomacy is employed to explain international engagement by subnational and non-state actors operating alongside state diplomacy without full subordination to central government authority. It is analytically distinguished from paradiplomacy through its autonomous, non-hierarchical, and network-based characteristics. The analysis is further supported by the concepts of non-state actors, city diplomacy, and economic diplomacy to capture the roles of local governments, MSMEs, and business communities. Within this framework, MSMEs are positioned as local economic actors and as strategic instruments linking local development objectives with global economic dynamics. This study adopts a qualitative case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews with key informants and analysis of official policy documents and cooperation frameworks. Data are analyzed thematically through an inductive approach, supported by source and method triangulation to ensure analytical rigor. The findings indicate that parallel diplomacy between Tangerang City and Yantai City proceeds through stages of initiation, formulation of mutual understanding via a Letter of Intent, and post-agreement implementation focused on MSMEs facilitation. Parallel diplomacy functions as a supporting instrument for MSMEs' development through network expansion, product promotion, and cross-border business learning, although its implementation remains largely mediated by the local government as facilitator. The study concludes that the effectiveness of parallel diplomacy is shaped by institutional capacity, inter-actor coordination, and alignment with local development policies, while recommending stronger direct MSMEs involvement and further theoretical development of parallel diplomacy within local-actor-based international relations studies. Keywords: Parallel diplomacy, Tangerang City, Yantai City, MSMEs, non-state actors.
Co-Authors Affandi, RMT Nurhasan Akim Alam, Gilang Nur Andi Farid Hidayanto, Andi Farid Fadhol Dzaki, Muhammad Febriani, Susanda Habibullah, Ali Zahid Hamdi Abdul Karim, Hamdi Abdul Hisyam, Muhammad Hauzan Jannah, Fajar Nur Roudhotul Khairunnisa, Ayuningtyas Primawanti, Henike Rahminita, Siti Hediati Ramdan, Intan Agatha Ratnadewati, Syafa Windy Dermawan Yulihasri Zahra, Mayra Zahabiya