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Trade and Religious Conversion in the Malay World: Study on Islamization in the Inderapura Kingdom in the 17 th - 18 th Centuries AD Sudarman, Sudarman; Rahmi, Awliya; Wusqo, Urwatul; Halimy, Safrudin; Rahmawati, Rahmawati
IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya Vol 19 No 1 (2021): IBDA': Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v19i1.3728

Abstract

This study was derived from a paradegm developed by historians that the process of conversion to Islam in the Malay world was spread dominantly by the Sufis. As a result, historical reconstruction in this region has always been linked to the teachings, rituals and religious behavior of the Sufi. Based on available sources (manuscripts and archives), the role of traders was very significant in conversion to Islam in the Malay world. Through trade and religion, the countries in the Indian Ocean were interconnected. The religious conversion among traders grew faster as in the 17-18th century AD traders from various regions came to the West Coast of Sumatra to get spices. Most of these traders have embraced Islam. The Muslim traders carried the spirit of the Koran in their right hands and the commodities in the left hand. This spirit of spreading Islam was the driving force of the merchants to spread Islam in every place they visited. This research has implications for the community’s perspective on Islam in the Malay world because Islam that was brought by traders was progressive and flexible about the local culture. This study is a historical socio-religious study that is examined through three ap- proaches, namely historical approach, social approach, and religious approach. This study found that the religious conversion in the Malay world was succeeded mostly by the merchants. To facilitate the conversion, they married local women and negotiated with the authorized Sultan.
Hacking Threat in Arab Cyberspace: Appraisal Analysis on Al-Hakirz Al-Muslimun’s Hacktivism Narratives Reflinaldi, Reflinaldi; Rahmi, Awliya; Rezi, Melisa; Syahidin, Amal
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol 12, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i1.9671

Abstract

This research aims to describe the negotiation of the attitude of the hacker group الهاكرز المسلمون (al-hākirz al-muslimūn) 'Muslim hackers' (MH) in the narrative of their hacking threats to the governments of Sweden, Australia and Israel. A descriptive-explanatory design was applied by taking three hacking threat videos on the YouTube channel "Hacker News" as a data source. Data collection was carried out through the stages of transcription, re-reading, printing, and classification. Meanwhile, data analysis referring to the appraisal theoretical framework is carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, analysis and interpretation, and concluding. The research results showed that affect was found in 11 data (25.0%), judgment in 17 data (38.6%), appreciation in 16 data (36.4%) The type attitude is dominated by judgment and appreciation with negative intentions. This negative attitude is amplified by a force strategy that contains 'volume up' graduations to the highest level. MH stated its position firmly and strongly by making subjectivity the sole source. The research results reveal new findings amidst various previous studies which does not explain the speaker's attitude in the threat narrative they provide. As the phenomenon of cyber warfare develops, the threat of MH hacking have a significant impact in exerting political pressure on the object of the threat.
Critical Discourse Analysis on King Salman’s Speeches at the United Nations General Assembly Reflinaldi, Reflinaldi; Hadi, Syofyan; Khairunnisa, Annisa; Fitrah, Azizah; Rahmi, Awliya; Rezi, Melisa
Humanus Vol 23, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Humaniora FBS Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/humanus.v23i2.127205

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the ideology in King Salman's political speeches at the United Nations General Assembly. A critical qualitative design was applied in analyzing two of King Salman's speeches in 2020 and 2021. In line with the research objectives, the ideological square is used as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The results of microanalysis show that King Salman uses the basic strategy of emphasizing positive things about 'us' in 129 data (58.6%), emphasizing negative things about 'them' in 60 data (27.3%), and de-emphasizing positive things about 'them' in 31 data (14.1%). As for de-emphasizing negative things about ‘us’ not found in the data source. In the microanalysis dimension, among the rhetorical discursive strategies found were actor description in 77 data (35.0%), consensus in 16 data (7.3%), comparison in 6 data (2.7%), values expression in 76 data (34.5%), victimization-criminalization in 30 data (13.6%), and national self-glorification in 15 data (16.9%). Based on this analysis, the general ideologies found in King Salman's speech are nationalism and anti-imperialism. King Salman constructed Saudi Arabia's national identity in international eyes as a philanthropist, humanitarian, peace initiator, and non-violence country. These identities are then represented as the trademark of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy.
Hacking Threat in Arab Cyberspace: How al-Hākirz al-Muslimūn Construct Narratives against Zionists and Anti-Islamists Reflinaldi, Reflinaldi; Rahman, Bobbi Aidi; Rahmi, Awliya; Rezi, Melisa
Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab Vol. 7 No. 2 November (2023)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29240/jba.v7i2.8156

Abstract

The attack on the al-Aqsa mosque on April 6, 2023, and the burning of the Qur'an on January 21, 2023, have sparked a reaction from hacker group who call themselvesالهاكرز المسلمون  (al-hākirz al-muslimūn) 'Muslim Hackers' (MH). Through the “Hacker News” YouTube channel, they threaten to hack several strategic and vital facilities of the Israeli and Swedish governments. About this phenomenon, this study aims to explain the construction of their threat narratives to those whom they call Zionists and anti-Islamists. Explanative qualitative research was conducted to answer research questions consisting of the formulation of themes, sequence of the scheme, and micro linguistic elements. Research data in the form of 2 videos of MH hacking threats were collected through manual transcription, reading and observation, printing, selection, and classification. Meanwhile, data analysis through the stages of reduction, presentation, analysis, interpretation, and conclusion was carried out by referring to Teun van Dijk's discourse structure model as an analytical framework. The results of the thematic structure analysis show that the theme highlights the actions as a response to attacks on Muslims and Islamic sacred symbols. MH asserts their identity as Muslims explicitly on the theme to attract the audience's attention. In line with these findings, the results of the schematic structure analysis show that the MH threat narrative scheme consists of the cause of threat, form of threat, detail of threat, and impact of threat. Microstructure analysis shows that MH uses clause structures, meaning intentions, and speech acts to launch psychological warfare against Zionists and anti-Islamists. Through this narrative, MH spreads fear with the target of putting political pressure on the Israeli and Swedish governments. Observing the increasingly massive and dynamic phenomenon of cyber warfare, it is predicted that MH's hacking threat narratives will often be found in conflicts and political dynamics in various countries.
Hacking Threat in Arab Cyberspace: Appraisal Analysis on Al-Hakirz Al-Muslimun’s Hacktivism Narratives Reflinaldi, Reflinaldi; Rahmi, Awliya; Rezi, Melisa; Syahidin, Amal
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i1.9671

Abstract

This research aims to describe the negotiation of the attitude of the hacker group الهاكرز المسلمون (al-hākirz al-muslimūn) 'Muslim hackers' (MH) in the narrative of their hacking threats to the governments of Sweden, Australia and Israel. A descriptive-explanatory design was applied by taking three hacking threat videos on the YouTube channel "Hacker News" as a data source. Data collection was carried out through the stages of transcription, re-reading, printing, and classification. Meanwhile, data analysis referring to the appraisal theoretical framework is carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, analysis and interpretation, and concluding. The research results showed that affect was found in 11 data (25.0%), judgment in 17 data (38.6%), appreciation in 16 data (36.4%) The type attitude is dominated by judgment and appreciation with negative intentions. This negative attitude is amplified by a force strategy that contains 'volume up' graduations to the highest level. MH stated its position firmly and strongly by making subjectivity the sole source. The research results reveal new findings amidst various previous studies which does not explain the speaker's attitude in the threat narrative they provide. As the phenomenon of cyber warfare develops, the threat of MH hacking have a significant impact in exerting political pressure on the object of the threat.
What do memes tell us about the image of Arab modern women: A cyber pragmatics analysis of memes in a prominent Arabic Instagram account Aini, Resty Syahrotul; Delami; Rahmi, Awliya; Aji, Arif Rahmatul; bin Mustafa, Nurul Amin
Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/diwan.v17i1.1851

Abstract

Diverse studies over the portrayal of women in memes have led to narratives and opposition against women, typically expressed by both feminists and anti-feminists. Despite numerous prior studies, the elaboration of Arabic memes remains significantly restricted. This study seeks to elucidate the image of contemporary Arab women as shown in memes. A qualitative descriptive study utilised memes from the prominent Arabic Instagram account @mzajeat.lady as the data source. Presupposition category analysis employing a cyberpragmatics approach was used to examine the representations of women within the pragmatic meanings of each meme. According to the presupposition types, contemporary Arab women are more physically and intellectually empowered, allowing them to break free from masculinity. Arab women may function without men due to psychological stability. Self-actualisation allows women to achieve their goals and pursue different activities. They are confident and can choose their marriages. The findings indicate a substantial transformation in the perception of contemporary Arab women. Meme, as conveyed on social media, represents liberation from the constraints of patriarchal culture that is often oppressive and confining. The findings significantly contribute to altering the preconceptions and stigmas historically associated with them. Furthermore, these findings advance the discourse of feminism on social media by introducing new and previously unexamined data on Arab memes.
DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES IN HACKTIVISM DISCOURSE: REVEALING IDEOLOGY IN AL-HAKIRZ AL-MUSLIMUN’S HACKING THREAT Reflinaldi, Reflinaldi; Ilyas, Erizal; Rahmi, Awliya; Rezi, Melisa; Syahidin, Amal; Aini, Resty Syahrotul
LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 19, No 2 (2024): LiNGUA
Publisher : Laboratorium Informasi & Publikasi Fakultas Humaniora UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ling.v19i2.29165

Abstract

This study explores the underlying ideology in the hacktivism discourse of al-hākirz al-muslimūn (MH), a group of Muslim hackers. The objective was to uncover the discursive strategies used by MH in its cyber threats, focusing on how they construct their identity and position themselves in opposition to perceived threats. A critical qualitative design was employed to analyze three videos from the Hacker News YouTube channel, using the ideological square framework as the theoretical lens for data analysis. The results of macroanalysis show that MH used the basic strategy of emphasizing positive 'us' on 11 data (14.67%), emphasizing negative 'them' on 31 data (41.33%), and de-emphasizing positive 'them' on 33 data (44.00%). In the microanalysis dimension, the rhetorical discursive strategies found include actor description amounting to 23 data (31.08%), consensus with a total of 2 data (2.70%), evidentiality reaching 5 data (5.41%), example/illustration with a total of 7 data (9.46%), values expression reaching 14 data (18.92%), number game with a total of 4 data (5.41%), and victimization-criminalization amounting to 20 data (27.03%). The ideological analysis indicated that MH’s discourse is characterized by anti-imperialism, reflecting their defense of oppressed populations and the use of hacking as a form of retribution. Additionally, anti-extremism was evident in the group’s critique of actions perceived as insults to Islam, often tied to extremist ideologies. This study contributes to the understanding of hacktivism as a form of digital activism, emphasizing its role in shaping political discourse and public opinion through cyber threats. It provides insights into the ideological motivations behind hacktivism, showing how groups like MH use digital platforms to challenge global political structures. The implications of this study are significant for future research into hacktivism, particularly in exploring the broader impact of such discourse on global politics, the ethical dimensions of cyber activism, and the potential of multimodal discourse analysis to examine the interplay of textual, visual, and audiovisual elements in discourse interpretation. By applying multimodal discourse analysis, future researchers could explore how audio, visual, and color codes contribute to shaping meaning in hacktivist narratives. This study highlights the complexity of hacktivism and its potential to reshape political narratives and activism in the modern world.