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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Bahanawan, Adik
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SENGON WOOD AT HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEATING TREATMENTS Fariha, Tushliha Ayyuni; Marbun, Sari D; Sudarmanto; Narto; Bahanawan, Adik; Sejati, Prabu S; Darmawan, Teguh; Triwibowo, Dimas; Adi, Danang S; Amin, Yusup; Augustina, Sarah; Dwianto, Wahyu; Sari, Rita K; Alipraja, Irsan; Wahyudi, Imam; Kusuma, EM. Latif R
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Association of Indonesian Forestry and Environment Researchers and Technicians

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2025.12.1.135-149

Abstract

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is a fast-growing timber species widely distributed in Indonesia. However, its dimensional instability and low surface quality have limited its widespread use. Wood modification is essential for enhancing these properties, and one effective approach is heat treatment. This study investigated the effects of different heat treatment methods and durations on color change, surface roughness, weight loss (WL), decreased density, and dimensional stability of sengon wood. The heat modification process was conducted using two methods: oven-heating and hot press-heating, with temperatures set at 200°C for durations ranging from 1 to 5 hours. The results indicated that oven-heated samples exhibited higher surface roughness, weight loss, density reduction, and dimensional stability while showing less color change than hot press-heated samples. Additionally, the hot press-heated samples displayed more significant color changes (darkening) and smoother surface roughness. WL and decreased density were also more pronounced with longer heating durations, except for the 4- and 5-hour hot press-heating treatments. Notably, oven-heated samples demonstrated higher dimensional stability than hot press-heated samples as the duration of heating increased. Based on the results, the optimal treatment varies depending on the desired product characteristics. For improved surface qualities with consideration of WL, the optimum treatment is a 2-hour hot press-heating treatment. Higher dimensional stability can be achieved through a 3-hour oven-heating treatment.
FIXATION PROCESS OF LAMINATED BAMBOO COMPRESSION FROM CURVED CROSS-SECTION SLATS Darmawan, Teguh; Bahanawan, Adik; S. Adi, Danang; Dwianto, Wahyu; Nugroho, Naresworo
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Association of Indonesian Forestry and Environment Researchers and Technicians

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2021.8.2.159-171

Abstract

Removing the outer part of bamboo for manufacturing flat bamboo lamination has disadvantage on the density of the product. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the fixation of compressed bamboo from curved cross-section slats. The compression of bamboo slats using densification technique was aimed for uniform density. Furthermore, steam treatments were conducted to fix the deformation. The compressed bamboo slats revealed that the density of the samples at the bottom parts increased from 0.4–0.56 g/cm3 to 0.89–1.05 g/cm3 after pressing with a compression level between 46.98–63.97%, while the samples in the middle parts increased from 0.7–0.83 g/cm3 to 1.02–1.18 g/cm3 with the compression level of 32.92–41.5%. These results were slightly higher than that of the upper parts, which was between 0.91–0.98 g/cm3. The recovery of set decreased and the weight loss increased with increasing temperature and steam treatment time. Fixation of compressive deformation could be achieved at 160°C within 60 minutes. The bottom parts of samples experienced a slightly greater weight loss compared to the middle parts, i.e. 8.38% and 7.49%, respectively. The anatomical structure of bamboo tended to deform during densification process. Furthermore, the steam treatments affected the colour of densified bamboo which became darker. From this experiment, it can be concluded that the manufacture of laminated bamboo from bamboo slats can be uniformed in strength by equalizing the density at the bottom and middle with the upper parts through the densification technique.
BENDING STRENGTH OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS IN SOFTENING CONDITION Dwianto, Wahyu; Damayanti, Ratih; Darmawan, Teguh; Sejati, Prabu Satria; Akbar, Fazhar; Adi, Danang Sudarwoko; Bahanawan, Adik; Amin, Yusup; Triwibowo, Dimas
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Association of Indonesian Forestry and Environment Researchers and Technicians

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2020.7.1.59-70

Abstract

This research aimed to understand the softening behaviour and viscoelastic property of wood, rattan, and bamboo as lignocellulosic materials. Nine years-old fast growing teak wood [Tectona grandis L.f.], rattan [Calamus sp.], and 3 years-old andong bamboo [Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae (Steud.) Widjaja] were used for the experiments. The samples were taken from the bottom, middle and upper parts for wood and rattan, and that for bamboo were cut from the 1st to 20th internodes. Static bending tests were carried out in fresh (green) as control samples, air-dried, and softened by microwave heating (MW) for 1 min to determine modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The results showed that the MOR and MOE values of wood, rattan, and bamboo increased from fresh to air-dried condition, and decreased by MW. When compared at the same density, drastic increase was observed for the normalized MOR value in air-dried of rattan, i.e. 2.5 fold. However, the decreasing of all the normalized MOR values were almost the same, i.e. 0.5 fold when they were softened by MW. Remarkably increase was also appeared for the normalized MOE value in air-dried of rattan, i.e. 3.0 fold and decreased to almost zero by MW. These results indicated that rattan was more easily bent, followed by bamboo and then wood. Hydrothermal properties of chemical components significantly affected the changes of strength (MOR) and elastic properties (MOE). However, the differences in bending strength of wood, rattan, and bamboo were more likely due to differences in their anatomical structures.
Co-Authors Adi, Danang S Akbar, Fazhar Augustina, Sarah Danang Sudarwoko Adi Fariha, Tushliha Ayyuni Imam Wahyudi Indrawan, Imam Wahyudi Irsan ALIPRAJA Kusuma, EM. Latif R Marbun, Sari D Naresworo Nugroho Narto Ratih Damayanti S. Adi, Danang Sari, Rita K Sejati, Prabu S Sejati, Prabu Satria SUDARMANTO Teguh DARMAWAN Triwibowo, Dimas Wahyu DWIANTO Yusup AMIN