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All Journal JIKO (Jurnal Informatika dan Komputer) E-Mabis: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan JINAV: Journal of Information and Visualization Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets (JARUDA) International Journal of Trends in Accounting Research Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial Palito: Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social
Yusra, Muhammad
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Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Pertimbangan Turki Dalam Menyetujui EU-Turkey Statement 2016: Penanggulangan Pengungsi dan Irregular Migrants di Eropa Omnif, Fitria Wulandari; Yusra, Muhammad; Jamilah, Maryam
Palito Vol. 2 No. 01 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.01.29-41.2023

Abstract

In 2016, European Union and Turkey had EU-Turkey Statement partnership to manage refugees flow who involved in irregular migration to EU. This partnership required Turki to reduce the irregular migration rate and to bring those irregular migrants back to Turkey. Turkey agreed on this agreement despite hosting a huge amount of refugees and being host country with the largest number of refugees globally. This study aimed to analyze the consideration done by Turkey in agreeing the partnership. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive approach. This study was analyzed with national security policy conceptual framework which explains state behavior in policy-making by Paul R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppi. There are four considerations in policy making process such as interests and objectives, opportunities, threats, and capabilities. Based on the concept used, this study found that Turkey considered three things in agreeing EU-Turkey Statement 2016. Firstly, the interests and objectives from political and economical aspect which are EU membership negotiation, visa liberalization, and EU financial aid for taking care of refugees in Turkey. Secondly, the opportunities for Turkey to leverage/uplift its bargaining power. Thirdly, consideration about its capabilities in facing refugee flow in political, social, and economical aspects.
Peran United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Dalam Mengatasi Cyberbullying Di Indonesia Pada Tahun 2015-2021 Septiani, Anisa; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 1 No. 02 (2022): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.1.02.70-84.2022

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) dalam mengatasi cyberbullying di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2021. Dengan adanya peningkatan terhadap pengguna internet maka terdapat risiko bagi anak-anak untuk mengalami cyberbullying yang cukup tinggi. Terdapat upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasinya melalui UU ITE. Namun, dengan banyaknya jenis dan kasus cyberbullying yang terjadi terdapat kelemahan dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut. Untuk menganalisis peran UNICEF dalam mengatasi cyberbullying di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2021, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep peranan Intergovernmental Organization oleh P.A Abarro yang terdiri dari menciptakan public awareness, membantu pemerintah memperkuat peraturan, mendorong dan memfasilitasi NGO atau komunitas lokal, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan membantu kerjasama skala nasional, regional dan internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNICEF memiliki peran penting dalam mengurangi kasus yang cyberbullying yang terjadi pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini UNICEF bekerja sama dengan pemerintah dengan mengadakan workshop, konferensi dan berbagai kampanye, membantu pemerintah dan memperkuat peraturan dan pelaksanaan UUD 1945 terkait cyberbullying, mendorong dan memfasilitasi NGO atau komunitas lokal untuk membuat program pencegahan, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan membantu kerjasama pada skala nasional dengan LSM dan yayasan dan pertukaran informasi dan pengetahuan ditingkat regional ASEAN.
Aksi PEGIDA Terhadap Pengungsi Muslim di Jerman Rofiidah, Ghina Nur; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.2.1-23.2023

Abstract

This research examines the actions of Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West (PEGIDA) towards Muslim refugees in Germany through the framework of Islamophobia as formulated by the Runnymede Trust. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical research design to comprehend the nature and implications of PEGIDA's anti-Muslim sentiments and actions within the broader context of the refugee crisis in Germany. The research begins by discussing the refugee crisis and the development of Islamophobia in Germany, which serves as the rationale for the rise of PEGIDA. The study identifies the main objectives of the group and the prevailing public sentiments towards Muslim refugees. Based on the Islamophobia framework, this research analyzes the ideological foundations and strategies employed by PEGIDA. The conceptual framework examines aspects of prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminatory practices faced by the Muslim community due to PEGIDA's actions, which contribute to the academic discourse on Islamophobia, right-wing movements, and refugee integration in Europe. The results of this research reveal that PEGIDA's actions, based on aspects of Islamophobia, have created divisions between the society and refugees that can lead to crimes. The government has also made several efforts to address this issue, including reapplying the Dublin Regulation and collaborating with Turkey.
China's Motivation to Improve Bilateral Relations with South Korea After the Polemic of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) Yusra, Afdhal; Yusra, Muhammad; Austin, Diah Anggraini
Palito Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.2.72-86.2023

Abstract

North Korea's aggressiveness in launching ballistic missiles has threatened the security stability of East Asia. As a state under threat, South Korea formed a joint security partnership with the United States through the deployment of THAAD in 2016. However, China has opposed it by arguing that THAAD would threaten domestic and regional security stability. As a result, China's rejection led to the presence of the phenomenon of economic retaliation which resulted in a decrease in the value of South Korea-China bilateral trade and distrust. Nevertheless, after negotiations, the two countries decided to improve bilateral relations in 2017. This paper aims to determine China's motivation in improving bilateral relations with South Korea as a foreign policy decision after rejecting the deployment of THAAD under the guise of threatening to trigger bilateral polemics. This research will be analyzed through qualitative methods with the conceptual framework of foreign policy determinants by Shannon L. Blanton and Charles Kegley. In this conceptual framework, there are five determinants that influence foreign policy decision making namely military capabilities, economic conditions, type of government, global distributions of power, and geopolitical factors. Furthermore, Blanton & Kegley's conceptual framework identifies that each of these determinants influenced China's motivation to improving bilateral relations with South Korea after the THAAD polemic.
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Berkembangnya Aktivitas Paradiplomasi Kota Padang dan Kota Hildesheim Pada Tahun 1988-2022 Fandwitania, Fella; Yusra, Muhammad; Irawan, Poppy
Palito Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.2.105-120.2023

Abstract

In 1988, the local government of Indonesia and the government of German federation established paradiplomacy activities in the form of Padang-Hildesheim sister city cooperation. This sister city cooperation has an interesting pattern because the formation of this cooperation not accordance with the provisions for the formation of sister city cooperation, specifically on the basis of similar characteristics and superior regional potential. However, Padang-Hildesheim sister city cooperation has been able to develop for 34 years and it remains active today. The purpose of this study is to identify the causative factors of paradiplomacy development in Padang City and Hildesheim City in 1988 using the concept of paradiplomacy by Alexander S. Kuznetsov. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using primary and secondary data. The results of this study show factors that led the development of Padang-Hildesheim paradiplomacy activities in 1988-2022 from the perspective of Padang City are globalization, democratization, foreign policy domestication, decentralization, problems with the nation-building process, asymmetry of the constituent units, the external stimulus, and the role of regional leaders. Meanwhile, factors that led the development of Padang-Hildesheim paradiplomacy activities in 1988-2022 from the perspective of the Hildesheim City are globalization, foreign policy domestication, federalization, asymmetry of the constituent units, external stimulus, and the role of political parties.
Pertimbangan Amerika Serikat Menjatuhkan Sanksi Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanction Act (CAATSA) ke Turki Tahun 2020 Hasnita, Hasnita; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.255

Abstract

This research aims to explain and analyze the reasons behind the United States' considerations before imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey in 2020. The issue in this study arises when Turkey, a member of the United States military alliance, decides to engage in military cooperation with Russia concerning the purchase of the Russian S-400 missile system. As a result of this action, the United States issued a policy by excluding Turkey from the F-35 program. This US policy was sufficient to address US concerns about the Russian S-400 missile, which, according to the United States, could jeopardize their F-35 system. Considering Turkey's presence as a crucial part of the US alliance is important to counter Russian influence in the Middle East, especially in the Syrian conflict, in addition to the strained US-Turkey relations at the time. However, in 2020, the United States still imposed CAATSA sanctions on Turkey regarding the S-400 cooperation. Through the conceptual framework of Paul R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppi, namely National Security Policy, which explains that there are four variables that influence a country's foreign policy formulation: National Interest, Threats, Opportunities, and Capabilities. Through this framework, we will explain the considerations made by the United States in imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey in 2020 using these four variables, allowing the author to analyze the rational reasons behind the US decision to sanction Turkey. This research employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach using secondary sources such as official government websites, expert journals, and several books on International Relations theory. The author found that the reasons for the US imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey include its national interests in the Middle East, the threat posed by Russia, the opportune timing for imposing sanctions as CAATSA had just been enacted into law, and the high capability of the US as a superpower to impose sanctions on its allies. Kata Kunci: United States, CAATSA, Foreign Policy, S-400 Cooperation, Turkey, F-35
Hallyu Di Tiongkok Setelah Kesepakatan Three NOs Yusminda, Zahara; Yusra, Muhammad; Austin, Diah Anggraini
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.260

Abstract

On 2016, diplomatic relations between South Korea and Tiongkok deteriorated because THAAD. During the THAAD crisis,Tiongkok banned all activities related to the hallyu. Moon Jae In offering Three Nos agreement to Tiongkok try to improve diplomatic relations. This research aims to describe and analyze South Korea’s effort in dissemination the Hallyu in Tiongkok afterthe Three Nos agreement uses the Image Restoration concept written by William L. Benoit. Strategies contained in image restoration theory are denial: simple denial and shift the blame, evasion of responbility: provocation, defeasbility, accident, good intensions, reducing offensivnes of event: bolstering, minimization, differentiation, transcendence, attack accuser, compensation, corrective action, and mortification. The research methoed used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and uses library research in data collection. Researchers found that the strategy used by South Korea was bolstering by involving EXO CBX and Song Hye Kyo in diplomatic activites with Tiongkok and compensation by using Chinese idols to promote the Hallyu in Tiongkok.
Co-Authors Akbar, Abdul Hanif Andhini, Pricelya Andik Bintoro Anggraini, Meli Arliansyah, Arliansyah Atika, Surya Austin, Diah Anggraini Ayunda, Endah Rizki Cory, Silvi Dahlan Abdullah Edrayani, Dea Endah Rizki Ayunda Fadhilah Fadhilah Fandwitania, Fella Fanny Nailufar Gesta Putri Rais, Rany Hamdhana, Defry Hasnita, Hasnita Herse, Firsto Farisky Irawan, Poppy Juliani Lubis, Fauzan Arbi Mardiaton, Mardiaton Maryam Jamilah naz'aina, naz'aina Nova Rianti Nurhasanah Nurhasanah Omnif, Fitria Wulandari Putri Amalia, Risky Putri, Rany Gesta Rais, Rany Gesta Putri Rany Gesta Putri Rais Rifki Dermawan, Rifki Rofiidah, Ghina Nur S. F, Dinda Sari, Cut Putri Mellita Septiani, Anisa Sri Mulyati Utami, Chairi Wahdayani, Wahdayani Yusminda, Zahara Yusra, Afdhal