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NARASI ANTI-IMIGRAN DALAM KRISIS PENGUNGSI EROPA TAHUN 2015 SEBAGAI REFLEKSI ATAS KRISIS IDENTITAS EROPA Muhammad Iqbal Yunazwardi
Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs Vol 6, No 2 (2021): DAULIYAH JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

The Refugee Crisis in 2015 has considered creating a major problem to European society. This issue was capitalized by far-right political movement to create anti-immigrant narratives. Right-wing political groups have linked the anti-immigrant narratives to the negative impact European societies have had on security, politics, economics and social culture. In this article, the author argues that the increase of anti-immigrant narratives also entails a crucial aspect that is important to analyze, which is the fragile construction of the European identity. The integration of European identity, multiculturalism, and social cohesion are the important aspects of such identity. This is more apparent nowadays as the immigrant population is increasing. The author suggests two points of view on this ma er: the discussion on migrants in Europe and how the anti-immigrant narrative dominates the transition discourse contestation in Europe, especially how the narratives develop after the 2015 refugee crisis.

Papuan Nationalism Within The Framework of Indonesian Nationalism Ani Widyani Soetjipto; Muhammad Iqbal Yunazwardi
Global Strategis Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.15.1.2021.25-50

Kekerasan, diskriminasi, dan rasisme masih menjadi isu besar yang dihadapi masyarakat Papua sejak Indonesia merdeka dan bergabungnya Papua ke dalam wilayah Indonesia. Analisis fenomena ini dapat ditarik ke berbagai macam aspek. Salah satu aspek penting yang menentukan eksistensi sebuah negara adalah aspek nasionalisme. Dalam kerangka negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa eksistensi nasionalisme Papua tetap hadir dan hidup, sekalipun nasionalisme Indonesia tetap menjadi bagian penting dalam menjaga pilar berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia. Tulisan ini berusaha mendiskusikan kembali bagaimana posisi nasionalisme Indonesia terhadap masyarakat Papua dan sebaliknya. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah, apakah identitas bangsa Papua merupakan bagian dari identitas kebangsaan Indonesia? atau kepapuaan justru bagian yang terpisah dari nasionalisme Indonesia? Dengan menggunakan pisau analisis nasionalisme dari Indonesianis Benedict Anderson, artikel ini membahas bagaimana diskursus nasionalisme yang berkembang mampu menjawab tantangan nasionalisme ganda yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam isu Papua. Upaya ini juga akan mempertegas pertanyaan penting dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimanakah membangun ide Papua dalam kerangka nasionalisme Indonesia.Kata-kata kunci: Nasionalisme Indonesia, Nasionalisme Papua, Benedict Anderson, Nasionalisme, identitasViolence, discrimination and racism have remained to be major issues faced by Papuans ever since the independence of Indonesia and the inclusion of Papua in Indonesia’s territory until today. This phenomenon can be seen through various aspects. One of those is the determinant aspect of a country’s existence: nationalism. Within the framework of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, the existence of Papuan nationalism is undeniably still present and alive, even though Indonesian nationalism is the central one in maintaining the pillars of the Indonesian nation and state. This article discusses how Indonesian nationalism positions Papuan people, and vice versa. Furthermore, this article questions whether the Papuan identity is a part of Indonesia’s. The discussion of this article focuses on the developing nationalism discourse, in the hope to overcome the ‘double-nationalism’ in Indonesia when it comes to Papua’s issue, by using Benedict Anderson’s concept of nationalism. Finally, this article addresses a crucial question, which is how to develop the Papuan idea within the framework of Indonesian nationalism.Keywords: Indonesian Nationalism, Papuan Nationalism, Benedict Anderson, Nationalism, identity

Upaya Pembentukan Mekanisme Pertanggungjawaban Lingkungan Transnasional terhadap Polusi Kabut Asap di Asia Tenggara tahun 2015 Muhammad Iqbal Yunazwardi
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jhi.v13i1.17473

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai pentingnya menciptakan gagasan komunikatif dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) dan kabut asap lintas negara yang terjadi di Asia Tenggara, terutama pasca terjadinya peristiwa tersebut di tahun 2015. Dampak buruk atas kabut asap yang terjadi Asia Tenggara telah membuat banyak kerugian bagi aktor negara dan non negara. Oleh karena itu, gagasan komunikatif penting sebagai dasar pembangunan mekanisme ideal pertanggungjawaban lingkungan transnasional yang mampu mewadahi seluruh kepentingan aktor terdampak atas kabut asap yang terjadi. Gagasan komunikatif diciptakan dengan cara menentukan bagaimana pembentukan berbagai prinsip moral sebagai landasan analitik untuk melihat pentingnya dasar pembentukan mekanisme pertanggungjawaban lingkungan yang ideal. Prinsip moral tersebut antara lain; (1) pencegahan bahaya, (2) inklusifitas, dan (3) keadilan prosedural. Dengan mengidentifikasi prinsip tersebut, aktor negara dan non-negara diharapkan mampu merepresentasikan ruang moral yang menginformasikan gagasan komunikatif pertanggungjawaban lingkungan transnasional. Tujuan normatif yang dihasilkan dari pertanggungjawaban lingkungan transnasional adalah kewajiban berbasis hak, mengikat norma-norma lingkungan dengan hak konstitusional atau hukum HAM berbasis negara. Kata Kunci: pertanggungjawaban lingkungan transnasional, prinsip moral, kabut asap This paper discusses the importance of creating "a communicative notion" in solving the problem of forest and land fires (karhutla) and cross-country haze that occurred in Southeast Asia, especially after the occurrence of events in 2015. The adverse impact of haze that occurred in Southeast Asia has brought many losses for state and non-state actors. Therefore, the communicative notion is important as the basis for building an ideal mechanism for transnational environmental responsibility that is able to accommodate all the interests of the affected actors for the haze that occurs. The communicative notion is created by determining how the formation of various moral principles as an analytical foundation to see the importance of the basis for the establishment of an ideal environmental accountability mechanism. These moral principles include; (1) harm prevention, (2) inclusiveness, and (3) impartialty. By identifying these principles, state and non-state actors are expected to be able to represent the moral space agreed upon by communicative transnational environmental responsibility. Normative objectives resulting from transnational environmental responsibility are rights based on rights, binding environmental norms with constitutional rights or human rights law based on the state. Keywords: Transnational environmental obligations, moral principles, haze pollution

Implementasi Norma Internasional mengenai Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia Muhammad Iqbal Yunazwardi; Aulia Nabila
Indonesian Perspective Vol 6, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2021), hlm. 1-122
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Indonesia has ratified the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and guarantees freedom of religion or belief (FoR). However, violations of FoR in Indonesia remains occur after 2015. This paper analyses this issue using the concept of norms localization which assumes that the implementation of international norms is the main factor that affects Indonesia’s effort to implement the FoR. There is a gap between international norms, that is Article 18 of the ICCPR and the Indonesia’s positive law regulating FoR. In addition, the characteristics of religious demography and religious behaviour of Indonesian people affect the implementation of FoR. As a result, the implementation of the norms by local actors such as the National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) is diminished. This paper concludes that in implementing the norms the government interprets the social and political context at societal level. The government is oftently forced by certain groups so it could be the potential violator of the FoR regulations that has been agreed upon.

Implementasi Norma Internasional mengenai Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia Yunazwardi, Muhammad Iqbal; Nabila, Aulia
Indonesian Perspective Vol 6, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2021), hlm. 1-122
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v6i1.37510

Indonesia has ratified the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and guarantees freedom of religion or belief (FoR). However, violations of FoR in Indonesia remains occur after 2015. This paper analyses this issue using the concept of norms localization which assumes that the implementation of international norms is the main factor that affects Indonesia’s effort to implement the FoR. There is a gap between international norms, that is Article 18 of the ICCPR and the Indonesia’s positive law regulating FoR. In addition, the characteristics of religious demography and religious behaviour of Indonesian people affect the implementation of FoR. As a result, the implementation of the norms by local actors such as the National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) is diminished. This paper concludes that in implementing the norms the government interprets the social and political context at societal level. The government is oftently forced by certain groups so it could be the potential violator of the FoR regulations that has been agreed upon.

Is the temporary relocation of Gaza residents a solution?: Analysis of Indonesia's Humanitarian Diplomacy Towards the Israel-Palestina Conflict Yunazwardi, Muhammad Iqbal; Syuryansyah; Rimapradesi, Yulia
Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijssr.06.01.18

The humanitarian crisis in Gaza, Palestine, has forced international actors to take a stand to promote humanitarian diplomacy, including Indonesia. During Prabowo Subianto’s administration, Indonesia interacted with other countries to formulate humanitarian policies to help the people of Gaza, one of which was the option of temporarily relocating the people of Gaza. This study attempts to rationalise the decision to relocate Gazans temporarily by using Larry Minear and Hazel Smith’s humanitarian diplomacy framework through three approaches: oxymoron, common sense, and a necessary evil. In addition, this study uses a literature review and analysis of news reports and speeches from official statements by the Indonesian government. The results indicate that this decision is controversial. The relocation policy contradicts two aspects: the mandate of the Indonesian Constitution and the desire of the Palestinian people to remain on the land where they have been fighting to defend their rights. However, within the framework of humanitarian diplomacy, the temporary relocation response is a pragmatic foreign policy decision by Indonesia that could be beneficial in advancing humanitarian diplomacy. With the logic of a two-state solution, Indonesia is following the steps of several Western countries and countries in the Middle East to open up adequate space for negotiation, one of which is by recognising Israel as a sovereign state when Palestine is recognised as independent. This policy also positively impacts more open access to aid, which can be effectively distributed directly to war victims. This article concludes that the humanitarian agenda has limited effects because political factors influence the continuity of humanitarian diplomacy in a crisis-affected region.

Analisa Akuntabilitas International Non-Governmental Organization: Studi Kasus BRAC Purnomo, Muhammad Aditya; Yunazwardi, Muhammad Iqbal
Social Science Research Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Volume 1 No 1 Oktober 2024 (SSRJ)
Publisher : Inovasi Saintific Review - Center of Policy Innovation and Social Politics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/ssrj.v1i1.2

BRAC merupakan organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO) yang fokus pada akuntabilitas dalam hubungan dengan pemerintah, donor, dan masyarakat. Akuntabilitas BRAC terhadap pemerintah ditunjukkan melalui kepatuhan terhadap regulasi, penerbitan laporan tahunan, dan kerjasama erat dengan NGO Affairs Bureau of Bangladesh (NGOAB). Akuntabilitas terhadap donor diwujudkan melalui transparansi keuangan dan laporan kinerja yang mendorong pembentukan departemen kontrol internal. Selain itu, BRAC berupaya mencapai akuntabilitas sosial dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal melalui program-program seperti Outreach, RCTP, dan RDP. Hasilnya, BRAC berhasil meraih kepercayaan dari berbagai donor dan pemerintah, serta memperkuat hubungan dengan komunitas lokal. Melalui struktur internal yang jelas dan kebijakan manajemen yang transparan, BRAC dapat menjalankan perannya sebagai jembatan bantuan internasional ke Bangladesh secara efektif.

THE DYNAMICS OF IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL NORMS ON THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN INDONESIA Yunazwardi, Muhammad Iqbal; Ikawati, Erina
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study analyses the dynamics of the implementation of international norms regarding the elimination of sexual violence in Indonesia, with a focus on the influence of narrative contestation on the protection of victims. Although Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), implementing these norms at the domestic level still faces various challenges. The ratification of the Sexual Violence Crime Law (TPKS Law) marks a significant milestone in the protection of victims. Still, its effectiveness is doubtful due to resistance from domestic actors and political interests that shape the public will. Through a norm diffusion approach and qualitative analysis, this study explores how norm drivers play a role in promoting and internalising the norm of eliminating sexual violence in Indonesia. The analysis results indicate that domestic social and political resistance hinders the acceptance of these norms, thereby limiting the state's commitment to protecting victims. This study highlights the importance of more adaptive strategies from the state and normative actors in overcoming domestic obstacles to implementing global human rights norms.

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