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All Journal El-Hayah : Jurnal Biologi Research Journal of Life Science JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Jurnal Perikanan
Samuel, Pratama Diffi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Journal : JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research)

 1 
Kladistik Genera Famili Leiognathidae melalui Penelusuran Morfologi Eksternal dan Otolith: Cladistic Genera of Family Leiognathidae Based on External Morphology and Otolith Samuel, Pratama Diffi; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka; Anam, M. Choirul; Setyanto, Arief; Khamidah, Nur; Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah; Astuti , Septiana Sri
JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JFMR on March
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.15

Abstract

Anggota famili Leiognathidae atau Peperek termasuk dalam kategori minor commercial, berfungsi sebagai komoditas ketahanan pangan sehingga kurang mendapat perhatian untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hipotesis penemuan seluruh genera dari Leiognathidae pada perairan Pantai Jawa Timur. Sampel ikan dikoleksi dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan alat penangkapan ikan; Jaring Tarik, Cantrang, dan Mini-Trawl dari Januari 2023 sampai Oktober 2024. Analisis genus dilakukan melalui deskripsi morfologi eksternal, morfometri, dan penyelidikan otolith. Studi otolith dilakukan melalui koleksi sagittae dari tulang telinga di belakang otak. Analisis morfometri untuk memperjelas definisi bentuk tubuh menggunakan perangkat lunak TpsDig. Total 12 variabel morfologi digunakan untuk menjelaskan masing-masing kerabat pada genus. Sementara deskripsi otolith dianalisis dengan menggunakan 15 variabel bentuk, cekungan, dan tonjolan dari otolith. Dendogram dihasilkan dari analisis morfologi dan otolith untuk memisahkan kekerabatan di antara genus. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa terdeskripsi total 10 genera dari famili Leiognathidae yaitu; Leiognathus, Aurigequula, Eubleekeria, Photopectoralis, Nuchequula, Karalla, Gazza, Deveximentum, Equulites, dan Photolateralis. Genus Gazza ditemukan pada seluruh lokasi sampling. Namun genus Karalla hanya ditemukan pada lokasi sampling di Selatan Barat Jawa Timur (Pantai Dangkal Pacitan, dan Prigi Trenggalek). Hasil analisis dendogram berhasil menempatkan Equulites satu kerabat dengan Photolateralis, namun tidak berhasil memisahkan antara Leiognathinae dengan Gazzinae. Sebaliknya, analisis menggunakan morfologi otolith tidak berhasil menempatkan Equulites satu kelompok dengan Photolateralis, namun bisa memisahkan antara sub famili Leiognathinae dengan Gazzinae. Kondisi lingkungan geografis mungkin menjadi faktor utama terjadinya adaptasi morfologi eksternal dan otolith yang berbeda. Deskripsi morfologi dan otolith bisa digunakan sebagai indikator apomorfi genus. Analisis genetik melalui DNA barcoding masih diperlukan untuk menelusuri kekerabatan diantara genus.   Members of family Leiognathidae are included in the minor commercial category, functioning as a food security commodity so that they have received less attention for research. The study aims to prove the hypothesis of the discovery of all genera of Leiognathidae within coastal waters of East Java. Fish samples were collected from the catches of fishermen using fishing gear; Beach Seine, modified Danish Seine, and Mini-Trawl, from January 2023 to October 2024. Genera analysis was carried out through external morphological descriptions, morphometry, and otolith investigations. Otoliths were collection of sagittae from the ear bones behind the brain. Morphometric analysis to clarify the definition of body shape were using TpsDig software. A total of 12 morphological variables were used to describe each genus within family. While the otolith description was analyzed using 15 variables of shape, depression, and protrusion of the otolith. Each dendrogram was generated from morphological and otolith analysis to separate the clade among genera. The results of the analysis proved that all 10 genera of Leiognathidae were described, consisting of: Leiognathus, Aurigequula, Eubleekeria, Photopectoralis, Nuchequula, Karalla, Gazza, Deveximentum, Equulites, and Photolateralis. The genus Gazza was found in all sampling locations. However, the genus Karalla was only described in two sampling locations in Southwest of East Java (Pantai Dangkal Pacitan, and Prigi Trenggalek). The results of dendogram analysis succeeded in placing Equulites in the same clade as Photolateralis, but failed to separate Leiognathinae from Gazzinae. On the other hand, the analysis using otolith morphology failed to place Equulites in the same group as Photolateralis, but could separate Leiognathinae from Gazzinae. Geographical barriers and environmental factors might be the main factor in the occurrence of different morphological and otolith adaptations. Genera can be distinguished through external morphology and otolith description. Genetic analysis through DNA barcoding is still needed to trace the lineage among genera of Leiognathidae.
DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY STATUS BASED ON HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN THE RAINY AND DRY SEASON USING THE STORET INDEX IN PASURUAN SEA WATERS, EAST JAVA Herawati, Endang Yuli; Arfiati, Diana; Samuel, Pratama Diffi; Dina, Karina Farkha; Anugerah, Putri; Valina, Rahmi
JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): JFMR
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2021.005.02.3

Abstract

Waters that are presumably contaminated with heavy metals need to be observed to ensure the level of pollution to perform water restoration. This study was aimed to determine the status of water quality based on heavy metal contents. The survey method was employed in this study, and it was conducted in Pasuruan sea waters in different seasons; September 2019 represented the dry season, and April 2020 represented the rainy season. The water sampling stations were chosen by using purposive sampling in three sampling locations: the sea waters of Kraton, Lekok, and Nguling districts. The heavy metals and water quality parameters were analyzed by using Storet Index. The results indicated that the highest level of heavy metals was found in Lekok waters in September, consisting of Hg (1.22 mg/l), Cd (1.20 mg/l), and Pb (0.55 mg / l). The seawater of Nguling district had the lowest content in April, while Kraton's seawater was moderate. The water quality status based on the Storet Index suggested that the sea waters of Kraton, Lekok, and Nguling districts were classified as moderately polluted with a score of -16 to -24. The highest score was in September in the rainy season with a score of -24 and the score in April in the dry season was -16. It means that the score is increasing but still in the moderately polluted category. The measurement results of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and current velocity were in optimum results for aquatic organisms in the dry season or the rainy season. Regarding the water quality status in Pasuruan sea waters, it can be concluded that the heavy metal contents exceeded the quality standard set by the government. Therefore, improved management is required to prevent the deterioration of the pollution status in Pasuruan sea waters
Co-Authors Anam, M. Choirul Anam, M.Choirul Anugerah, Putri Arief Setyanto Astuti , Septiana Sri Azmi, Nur Fadholi Ulul Defri Yona Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya Dewi Nur Setyorini, Dewi Nur Dewi, Citra Satrya Utama Diana Arfiati Dina, Karina Farkha DP, Imas Ellona, Jessica Endang Yuli Herawati Fatmawati, Riska Fikri, Maulana Gifari, Ahmad Wahyu Hariani, Dyah Fitri Maulidiyah, Rizqi Aimmatul Muhammad Fakhri Nanik Retno Buwono Nur Khamidah Putri, Yandini Eka Rakhmawan, Hilal Rio Christy Handziko, Rio Christy Syahrir, Ahdiya Utomo, Anisa Dwi Riskiani Valina, Rahmi Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah