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All Journal J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) Science and Technology Indonesia Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Infrastruktur CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development (CSID-JID) Construction and Material Journal Makara Journal of Technology J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Jurnal Sipakatau
Handika, Nuraziz
Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
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Effect of Material Variability on the Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Openings: A Numerical Application Using Random Fields and Mazars Concrete Model Halim Muhammad Rifki; Nuraziz Handika; Rendy Thamrin; Taufik
Jurnal Sipakatau: Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 5 (2026): August
Publisher : PT. Global Research Collaboration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66314/sipakatau.v3i5.1062

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the influence of material heterogeneity on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with and without openings using a random field approach based on the Turning Band Method (TBM). A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed using the Perfect Interface (PI) assumption and validated against experimental data for reinforced concrete beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios and a 4-inch opening diameter. Material heterogeneity was represented using TBM-generated random fields with five random field realizations, and the analyses were performed in Cast3M using the Mazars damage model with three-dimensional CUB8 elements. The results indicate that the combined effects of openings and material heterogeneity produce variations in structural response that cannot be fully represented by the conventional assumption of homogeneous material properties. The influence of material heterogeneity was more pronounced in the post-peak response of beams without openings, whereas geometric discontinuities governed the failure mechanism of beams with openings. Incorporating TBM-based random fields into the nonlinear finite element model provides a more realistic representation of reinforced concrete behaviour by accounting for the influence of material heterogeneity, particularly on post-peak response and damage evolution.
Application of the Turning Band Method (TBM) on Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement Using the Mazars Damage Model Shinta Fatina Elba; Nuraziz Handika
Jurnal Sipakatau: Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Juni
Publisher : PT. Global Research Collaboration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66314/sipakatau.v3i4.839

Abstract

Reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement may exhibit different failure modes among specimens, even when they possess identical geometric dimensions and mechanical properties. This variation is associated with the intrinsic heterogeneity of concrete, which results in spatial variability in its mechanical characteristics. This study examines the numerical behavior of reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement using a random field approach implemented through the Turning Band Method (TBM) coupled with the Mazars damage model and validates the numerical predictions against experimental results employed as the reference. The numerical simulations were conducted on beams with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 4.6 using five random field realizations in the Finite Element (FE) software CAST3M version 24.1. A mesh size of 10 mm and correlation length of 30 mm were adopted throughout the analysis. The findings indicate that integrating the TBM with the Mazars damage model effectively captures the spatial variability of the concrete tensile strength, leading to distinct force–displacement responses and crack propagation patterns among realizations that cannot be reproduced by conventional homogeneous models. However, discrepancies remained in peak displacement, and the numerical model tended to produce more distributed damage zones than those observed experimentally, owing in part to the Perfect Interface assumption adopted in the numerical model.
Experimental Studies of Compressive Strength of Sustainable Concrete with Partial Cement Substitution Using Palm Oil Boiler Ash Suraedi, Daral; Sjah, Jessica; Handika, Nuraziz; Aulia, Saffanah Fasya; Edwardo, Karmenita Olivia
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical performance of sustainable concrete incorporating Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA) as a partial cement replacement. As the construction sector seeks to reduce CO₂ emissions and manage agro-industrial waste, POBA emerges as a promising supplementary cementitious material due to its pozzolanic potential and abundance in palm oil–producing regions such as Indonesia.Concrete specimens were prepared with POBA substitution levels ranging from approximately 10% to 30% by weight of cement, in combination with nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer to enhance performance. The mix design was developed in accordance with ACI 211 guidelines to maintain comparable workability across all mixtures.Compressive strength was evaluated at 3, 14, 28, and 56 days. Results indicate that while early-age strength decreases with increasing POBA content, an optimal replacement level of 19% demonstrated compressive strength comparable to the control mixture at later ages under the tested mix design conditions. The inclusion of nanosilica, based on prior experimental validation, is considered to have contributed to mitigating early strength reduction and supporting microstructural development. The study concludes that POBA, when applied at an optimal replacement level, can serve as a viable partial cement substitute for structural concrete applications, supporting environmental sustainability and low-carbon infrastructure development.
Co-Authors Ahmad Ashari Arijoeni, Essy Arijoeni, Essy Aulia, Saffanah Fasya Bastian Okto Bangkit Sentosa Dahlan, Astryd Viandila Daral Suraedi Dewanti, Dian Purwita Edwardo, Karmenita Olivia Elfiranahla Chandra Dewi Elly Tjahjono, Elly Ferdinand, Joshua Gasti, Muhammad Daffa Hafiyya Izzah Aini Halim Muhammad Rifki Idhar, Ridha Amalia Jonbi Krisdiansyah, Gilang Mutiara, Ayudia Norita, Balqis Fara Norita, Balqis Fara Oktoria Masniari Pratiwi, Siva Yuniar Rahmatika, Iftita Rendy Thamrin Shinta Fatina Elba Simanihuruk, Bertinus Sjah, Jessica Sotya Astutiningsih Taufik Tjahjono, Elly Tri Eddy Susanto