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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Annales Bogorienses
Elfirta, Rizki Rabeca
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Various Cysteine-Proteases' Impact on Spirulina Protein Hydrolysate Djamaludin, Heder; Inayatussakinah, Inayatussakinah; Kusdiyarlistio, Andhika Alfanda; Armanda, Zidan; Dwijayanti, Dinia Rizqi; Maharsih, Inggit Kresna; Palupi, Kartika Dyah; Ferdian, Pamungkas Rizki; Elfirta, Rizki Rabeca; Notonegoro, Hartoyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103465

Abstract

Spirulina is a type of microalgae that contains many useful compounds having antioxidant properties. It has low biological activity and limited protein content when used in dry form. Proteins can be broken down through a hydrolysis reaction to increase their bioactivity, producing smaller peptides and free amino acids. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two cysteine-protease enzymes, bromelain and papain, on the hydrolysis of Spirulina protein. The research examined how these enzymes affect the degree of hydrolysis, protein content, molecular weight, and antioxidant activity of the resulting protein hydrolysate. A non-factorial, completely randomized design was used with three replicates per treatment. The results showed that the type of enzyme used significantly influenced all measured parameters. Bromelain was found to be more effective than papain. Spirulina protein hydrolyzed with bromelain had 32.15 ± 0.74% protein, 48.51 ± 0.94% hydrolysis, a density of 0.786 mg/mL, and 29.64 ± 0.82 ppm antioxidant activity. It also contained 18 types of amino acids, totaling 14.41 g/kg. The most efficient of physical extraction methods—particularly the combination of freeze-thaw and ultrasonication—for obtaining high-yield, high-quality protein from Spirulina. Further purification is needed to obtain the smallest peptide.
Inhibitory Potential of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) Bioactive Compounds Towards Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: In Silico Study Ferdian, Pamungkas Rizki; Elfirta, Rizki Rabeca; Emilia, Qori; Ikhwani, Azra Zahrah Nadhirah
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 24 No. 2 (2020): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Abstract

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a massive worldwide concern of the 21st century. One potential strategy to block the biochemical pathway of SARS-CoV-2 was by inhibiting the main protease (Mpro), which is a key enzyme on viral replication. Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has a long history for its use as a traditional medicine. Therefore, we hypothesised that the black seed contains numerous active compounds that could potentially confer inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral Mpro. In this study, 24 active compounds from black seed were tested. Compounds were screened using Lipinski's Rules and admetSAR, then docked to viral Mpro 7BQY by AutoDockTools-1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina using a site directed docking approach resulting in affinity energy (∆G) and binding data. We found that the most potential active compound of N. sativa is 3-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-diphenyl-1-propanone, since its affinity energy was -7.6 kCal.mol-1. Its similarity to N3 inhibitor based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 86.7% and 76.19%, respectively, and the occupancy on binding site based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 90.91% and 81.82%, respectively. These findings can be used as a starting point for further investigation using in vitro and in vivo studies.
Screening of Active Compounds and LC50 Toxicity Assay of Sunda Porcupine’s (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier 1823) Quills Crude Extract Budiman, Muhamad Arif; Ferdian, Pamungkas Rizki; Handayani, Tri Hadi; Nugroho, Herjuno Ari; Elfirta, Rizki Rabeca; Farida, Wartika Rosa
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Abstract

Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier 1823) is an endemic fauna from Indonesia that its quills are believed to have medical benefits by local people in some regions of Indonesia. However, the benefits have never been well recorded nor proven scientifically. Local people believe the Sunda porcupine’s quills have efficacy to relieve property for treating toothache. There is limited research on Sunda porcupine’s quills, especially the active compounds, which may affect toothache. This research aims to perform basic pharmacological experiments on Sunda porcupine’s quill samples, which includes screening for the active compounds and determining the LC50 toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Sunda porcupine’s quills were first prepared into simplicia powder (60 mesh in size) and then extracted with 70% ethanol by maceration to produce crude extract. We found that the crude extract of Sunda porcupine’s quills contains some active compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and peptides. The LC50 value of the crude extract was 2,683.19 ppm; thus, categorized as non-toxic. These findings can be used to identify the active compounds in Sunda porcupine’s quills and can be used as a background for further research.
Co-Authors Armanda, Zidan Budiman, Muhamad Arif Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti Djamaludin, Heder Emilia, Qori Ferdian, Pamungkas Rizki Handayani, Tri Hadi Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Herjuno Ari Ikhwani, Azra Zahrah Nadhirah Inayatussakinah, Inayatussakinah Kartika Dyah Palupi Kusdiyarlistio, Andhika Alfanda Maharsih, Inggit Kresna Notonegoro, Hartoyo Wartika Rosa Farida