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All Journal Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Jurnal Sylva Lestari Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Kusumah, Sukma Surya
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Food Container Composite Made From Sorghum Bagasse and Citric Acid ismadi, ismadi; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Subyakto, Subyakto; Subiyanto, Bambang; Suryanegara, Lisman; Marlina, Resti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 9, No 2 (2020): December 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v9i02.27345

Abstract

The common food container product was made from plastic such as polypropylene, polystyrene, etc which has slowed to degrade hence affected to the environmental pollution and health disorder. Therefore, environmentally friendly food container composite is developed from sustainable resources such as sorghum bagasse and citric acid. The effects of sorghum species, sorghum particles and citric acid content on the composite properties were investigated. Local species of sorghum was used as raw material such as Super 2 in the manufacturing of food packaging.  The size and moisture content of the particles were passthrough on 40 mesh and 10%, respectively. The content of the particle was variated such as 10, 15, and 20% wt. Furthermore, citric acid was used as a binder with difference content such as 10, 20, and 30% wt.  Those raw materials were mixed with tapioca starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glutaraldehyde. The mixing material was hot pressed at 180 ℃ for 15 minutes. The composite dimension was 12 cm x 10 cm x 3 mm. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite were carried out. Considering the properties of the composite, sorghum bagasse and citric acid are suitable as raw material of food container composite.
Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Mahogany Sawdust Arundina, Ria Yolanda; Permana, Indri; Togatorop, Ester Rimma Suryani; Ismadi, Ismadi; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Budiman, Ismail; Subyakto, Subyakto; Marlina, Resti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33488

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is a biological residue from the agricultural or forestry industry which is composed of polymeric cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractive components. One of the products in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste is activated carbon products. In this study, two types of lignocellulosic biomass waste were used, namely Empty Palm Oil Bunches (OPEFB) and Mahogany Sawdust (MS) to be converted into activated carbon using the hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as an activating agent at high concentrations (50% w/w) to improve the adsorption mechanism in activated carbon material. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain information related to yield, moisture content, and ash content. In addition, activated carbon samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM to observe the chemical bonds, structure, and morphology of activated carbon, respectively. The proximate analysis showed that the activated carbon sample had met the SNI 63-3730-1995 standard for technical activated carbon on the parameters of water content and ash content, while the FTIR spectrum showed the mechanism of biomass conversion from raw materials to activated carbon on a chemical bond approach. Furthermore, the XRD graph shows a reduction in the crystal size of the material from raw material to activated carbon material. Finally, the FESEM image shows a significant increase in the quality and quantity of pores on the carbon material before and after activation.
Evaluation of Ramie Bark and Albasia Sawdust Substrates for Mycelium-Based Composites Using Leiotrametes lactinea Wulandari, Asri Peni; Sukmana, Dwi Ramadhani; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Fadillah, Muhammad Nugraha; Abdul Rohmat
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v3i2.207

Abstract

Mycelium-based composite (MBC) has significant potential to utilize agricultural biomass waste. The use of fungi that are commonly used as MBC materials is still very limited to certain types. This study aims to test the MBC characteristics of the growth of mycelium Leiotrametes lactinea MYCL-3 on three different media substrates containing 72% Albasia (SA) sawdust, 72% ramie bark (BR), and 30% Albasia + 47% ramie mixture (SA-RB). The resulting MBC has dimensions of 20 x 5 x 5 cm and is yellowish-white in color. The structure of MBC shows that the density is higher (BR 0.28%). The absorption percentages for SA, RB, and SA-RB were 28.66, 21.37, and 27.22, respectively. The biodegradability of MBC showed that by day 10, the sample had degraded by about 14.14–17.46%. Mechanical testing for compression strength determined values for SA (117 kPa), RB (350 kPa), and SA-RB (140 kPa), with a final strength at 464 kPa, and the effect of the mixed media reduced the tensile strength of the composite to 277 kPa. The IR spectral results showed that the three composite samples did not show much different structures, but SA composites were known to have more types of constituent compounds not found in BR and SA-RB composites such as C=C (alkenes) bending, O-H (alcohol) associations, C-O-C (glycosidic) stretching, O-H (acid) bending, and C=C (benzene) stretching. Future investigations may focus on improving aggregate interlocking to increase strength and flexibility, tailoring MBC for specific applications.
Pemanfaatan Maltodextrin Singkong untuk Perekat Ramah Lingkungan dalam Pembuatan Papan Partikel dari Bagas Sorgum (Utilization of Cassava Maltodextrin for Eco-friendly Adhesive in the Manufacturing of Sorghum Bagasse Particleboard) Sutiawan, Jajang; Hermawan, Dede; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Widyaningrum, Bernadeta Ayu; Sukara, Endang
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl28144-154

Abstract

The development of natural adhesives derived from non-fossil resources is very important for the future. This research aimed to develop natural adhesive from maltodextrin and compare it with other natural adhesives such as citric acid and malic acid for particleboard production. The effect of the adhesive raw materials on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The sweet sorghum and those natural adhesives were used in the manufacturing of particleboard. The resin content of the natural adhesive was 20 wt% base on air-dried particles. The dimension and density target of the boards were 30 x 30 x 0.9 cm3 and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The particleboards were prepared by hot pressing at 200°C for 10 min. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908-2003). The results showed that the density, moisture content, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture met the requirements of the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, while the thickness swelling, water absorption, and internal bond did not meet the standard requirements. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the establishment of ester linkages due to the reaction between the natural adhesive and sorghum bagasse that contributed to the excellent physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard. Keywords: cassava, maltodextrin, natural adhesive, particleboard, sweet sorghum
Enhancing Solid Fuel Potential of Water Hyacinth: A Study on Chemical Modification Through Composting and Demineralization Mustagfirin, Mustagfirin; Hermawan, Dede; Nawawi, Deded Sarip; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Ismayati, Maya; Sutiawan, Jajang; Ningrum, Riska Surya
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61468

Abstract

Rapid growth makes water hyacinth (WH) an exceptional biomass resource, but its low calorific value and elevated ash content hinder its application as a sustainable green energy source. This study aims to enhance the quality of water hyacinth as a solid fuel by increasing lignin content through composting and decreasing ash content by demineralization. The composting period for water hyacinth was modified to 4, 7, 11, and 15 days, followed by a demineralization process employing two solvents: water and 5% nitric acid (HNO₃). Proximate, ultimate, and chemical studies were conducted on water hyacinth before and following treatment to ascertain its specific alterations. This study indicates that after 15 days of composting, the lignin fraction increased from 10.01% to 15.14%. Demineralization employing a combination of water and nitric acid can substantially reduce ash content (19.4%). The demineralization of raw materials during composting is more efficacious in diminishing ash content than the demineralization of raw materials before composting. The most significant reduction was 46.17%, observed in the 11-day WH composting, where the ash content decreased from 22% to 11.84%. According to the results, modified WH is a viable raw material for solid fuel due to its enhanced lignin content and reduced ash level.
Co-Authors Abdul Rohmat Akbar, Fazhar Arundina, Ria Yolanda Asri Peni Wulandari, Asri Peni Bambang Subiyanto, Bambang Budiman, Ismail Dede Hermawan Deded Sarip Nawawi Endang Sukara Fadillah, Muhammad Nugraha Gopar, Mohamad Ismadi Ismadi Ismayati, Maya Marlina, Resti Mustagfirin Mustagfirin Ningrum, Riska Surya Permana, Indri Purnomo, Deni Sejati, Prabu Satria Subyakto Subyakto Sudarmanto Sudarmanto, Sudarmanto Sukmana, Dwi Ramadhani Suryanegara, Lisman Sutiawan, Jajang Togatorop, Ester Rimma Suryani Triwibowo, Dimas Wahyu DWIANTO Widyaningrum, Bernadeta Ayu Yusup AMIN