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Arbitrary Suspect Designation In Corruption Cases The Legal And Human Rights Implications Nugraha, Roby Satya; Iskandar, Eka Ardianto; Siswajanthy, Farahdinny; Darmawan, Iwan; Suhermanto, Suhermanto; Wuisang, Ari
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 3 (2025): Volume 11, Nomor 3 July-September 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i3.12648

ABSTRACTThe determination of a suspect constitutes a legal act by investigators that alters a person’s status from not being linked to a criminal offense into someone who is reasonably alleged to have committed one. This study arises from the Attorney General’s Office’s decision to designate Thomas Trikasih Lembong as a suspect, which was not in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The research adopts a normative legal method complemented by empirical analysis, relying on secondary sources (literature) and interviews with relevant parties. The theoretical framework employed is based on the Theory of Legal Protection and Progressive Law Theory, which underpin the analytical approach in achieving the research objectives. The findings reveal that the suspect designation against Thomas Trikasih Lembong lacked sufficient preliminary evidence, as the prosecutors failed to prove any actual state financial loss attributable to him. Moreover, the legal provision invoked by the Attorney General’s Office did not meet the required elements of a corruption offense. The study concludes that law enforcement authorities must exercise their powers in compliance with existing legal rules to guarantee both legal certainty and a fair sense of justice for all individuals. Keywords: Corruption, Suspect Designation, Attorney General’s Office, Legal Certainty, Pretrial.

STATUS LEMBAGA NEGARA PASCA PERUBAHAN UUD TAHUN 1945 Wuisang, Ari; Nugraha, Roby Satya
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 9, No 4 (2023): Volume 9, Nomor 4 Oktober-Desember 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v9i4.9447

ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah membahas tentang adanya ketidakjelasan status lembaga negara setelah perubahan UUD Tahun 1945. Banyaknya organ negara yang lahir setelah perubahan UUD Tahun 1945 telah menimbulkan kategori yang tidak jelas tentang subjek yang diberikan status sebagai lembaga negara. Apalagi, dengan dicabutnya Ketetapan MPR No. III/MPR/1978 tentang Kedudukan dan Hubungan Tata Kerja antara Lembaga Tertinggi Negara dengan/atau antar Lembaga Tinggi Negara, menjadikan tiadanya pegangan yang jelas terkait indikator lembaga negara. Sementara itu, UUD Tahun 1945 sendiri tidak memberikan kriteria yang jelas pula dan hanya memberikan konstruksi umum, yaitu “Lembaga Negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar” (Pasal 24C), tanpa merinci lebih lanjut subjek/organ yang termasuk didalamnya. Terbitnya perubahan UU KPK (UU No. 19 Tahun 2019) yang memberikan status KPK sebagai lembaga negara dalam rumpun eksekutif malahan menimbulkan kebingungan lagi. Seharusnya yang dikatakan sebagai lembaga negara adalah pemegang cabang kekuasaan eksekutifnya, yaitu Presiden, sedangkan KPK sebagai bagian dari eksekutif tidaklah mungkin dapat diberikan status lembaga negara juga seperti halnya Presiden sebagai pucuk pimpinan eksekutif. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dikonstruksikan kriteria-kriteria khusus yang dapat menjadi acuan untuk menentukan organ-organ yang termasuk sebagai lembaga negara dan juga digagas undang-undang payung yang khusus mengatur organ-organ yang diberikan status sebagai lembaga negara. Kata Kunci : Lembaga Negara, UUD tahun 1945, eksekutif. ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to discuss the unclear status of state institutions after the changes to the 1945 Constitution. The large number of state institutions that were born after the changes to the 1945 Constitution gave rise to unclear categories regarding subjects that were given status as state institutions. Moreover, with the repeal of MPR Decree no. III/MPR/1978 concerning Position and Working Relationships between Highest State Institutions and/or between High State Institutions, means that there are no clear guidelines regarding indicators for state institutions. Meanwhile, the 1945 Constitution itself does not provide clear criteria and only provides a general construction, namely "State Institutions whose authority is granted by the Constitution" (Article 24C), without further detailing the subjects/organs included in it. The issuance of changes to the Corruption Eradication Commission Law (UU No. 19 of 2019) which gives the KPK status as a state institution in the executive environment has only added to the confusion. What is meant by a state institution is the holder of executive power, namely the President, while the Corruption Eradication Commission as part of the executive cannot possibly be given the status of a state institution while the President is also a state institution. top executive leaders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special criteria that can serve as a reference in determining which organs are included as state institutions and also create a legal umbrella that specifically regulates organs that are given the status of state institutions. Keywords: State Institutions, 1945 Constitution, executive

ESSENSI PLURALISME HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM HUKUM DUNIA Sukmana, Sobar; Susilawati, Tuti; Chairijah, Chairijah; Heriyanto, Bambang; Wuisang, Ari
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 10, No 3 (2024): Volume 10, Nomor 3 July-September 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v10i3.10448

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan bahwa Pluralisme hukum dahulu merupakan kebijakan dari banyak kekuatan kolonial dan warisan yang masih hidup di banyak bekas koloni Eropa seperti Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura. Pengertian pluralisme hukum senantiasa mengalami perkembangan dari masa ke masa di mana ada koeksistensi dan interelasi berbagai hukum seperti hukum adat, negara, agama dan sebagainya. Adanya globalisasi menyebabkan hubungan tersebut menjadi semakin kompleks karena terkait pula dengan perkembangan hukum internasional. Pluralisme hukum dalam perspektif global adalah terjadinya saling ketergantungan, adopsi, atau saling pengaruh (interdependensi, interfaces) antara berbagai sistem hukum. Interdependensi yang dimaksud terutama adalah antara hukum internasional dan hukum nasional. Hukum dari wilayah tertentu dapat menembus ke wilayah-wilayah lain yang tanpa batas. Hukum internasional dan transnasional dapat menembus ke wilayah negara-negara manapun. Terjadi interaksi, Interrelasi, saling pengaruh dan saling adopsi. Sistem hukum di dunia menurut Steven Vago, dalam bukunya Sociology of law 1999 yaitu Common Law System, Civil Law System, Communist Law System dan Islam Law System. Dalam perkembangannya sistem hukum dunia dikenal juga “Hybrid Law System” atau sistem hukum cangkokan/campuran dan di Eropa, disebut “Harmonization Law System”, atau “Unification Law System”. Kata Kunci : System Hukum, Pluralisme, Hukum Internasional. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explain that legal pluralism was a policy of many colonial powers and a legacy that is still alive in many former European colonies such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The notion of legal pluralism has always experienced development from time to time where there is coexistence and interrelation of various laws such as customary law, state, religion and so on. The existence of globalisation causes the relationship to become more complex because it is also related to the development of international law. Legal pluralism in a global perspective is the occurrence of interdependence, adoption, or mutual influence (interdependence, interfaces) between various legal systems. The interdependence in question is primarily between international law and national law. Laws from certain regions can penetrate into other regions without borders. International and transnational law can penetrate into the territory of any country. There is interaction, interrelation, mutual influence and mutual adoption. Legal systems in the world according to Steven Vago, in his book Sociology of law, 1999, namely the Common Law System, Civil Law System, Communist Law System and Islamic Law System. In its development, the world legal system is also known as the "Hybrid Law System" or grafted legal system, and in Europe, it is called the "Harmonisation Law System", or "Unification Law System". Keywords: Legal System, Pluralism, International Law.

The Procedure For Amending The 1945 Constitution Is Reviewed In Terms Of Positive Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Wuisang, Ari; Nugraha, Roby Satya
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.11580

Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas prosedur perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) Tahun 1945 serta lembaga yang berwenang dalam proses perubahan tersebut. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis fleksibilitas atau rigiditas prosedur perubahan UUD 1945 serta mencari formulasi ideal untuk perubahan konstitusi di masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur perubahan UUD 1945 pasca reformasi bersifat rigid, dengan persyaratan yang lebih ketat dibandingkan sebelumnya, khususnya dalam mekanisme pengajuan perubahan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Rigiditas ini berpotensi menghambat adaptasi konstitusi terhadap dinamika masyarakat dan perkembangan hukum. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan revisi terhadap persyaratan pengajuan perubahan agar lebih inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan hukum nasional. Kata kunci: perubahan UUD 1945, prosedur konstitusi, rigiditas hukum, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, reformasi hukum. Abstract This research discusses the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution and the institutions authorized to carry out the amendment process. Through a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes the flexibility or rigidity of procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution and seeks ideal formulations for future constitutional changes. The research results show that the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution after reform are rigid, with stricter requirements than before, especially in the mechanism for submitting changes by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). This rigidity has the potential to hinder the constitution's adaptation to societal dynamics and legal developments. Therefore, this research recommends revisions to the requirements for submitting changes to make them more inclusive and responsive to national legal needs. Key words: changes to the 1945 Constitution, constitutional procedures, legal rigidity, People's Consultative Assembly, legal reform

Tripartite Institutional Mechanism in the Discussion of the Draft Law Wuisang, Ari; Nugraha, Roby Satya
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.46878

This article explores the emergence and implementation of a tripartite institutional mechanism in the legislative process in Indonesia, particularly following the Constitutional Court Decisions No. 92/PUU-X/2012 and No. 79/PUU-XII/2014. These rulings affirm the legislative role of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) alongside the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President, establishing a more balanced representation in drafting laws within specific areas. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes the constitutional foundations, institutional practices, and comparative perspectives on bicameralism. The research identifies significant structural and functional disparities between the DPR and DPD, despite the formal recognition of the DPD’s legislative rights. Although the DPD may participate in the first and second-level discussions of draft bills, it is excluded from the final approval stage. Moreover, DPD-initiated bills and proposed revisions are often ignored in practice, weakening its legislative impact. Drawing from comparative constitutional studies, the article highlights the typologies of bicameralism—ranging from perfect to weak—and situates Indonesia's model within the broader global context. The findings underline that a truly effective tripartite mechanism requires not only formal recognition but also practical and procedural adjustments to ensure power-sharing and institutional dignity. The authors recommend enhancing the DPD's authority through constitutional practices, internal institutional development, and greater political negotiation capacity to strengthen its legislative influence and create a more balanced parliamentary structure.

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