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Sah, Ranjit
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Diagnostic performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay compared to conventional Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture for diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Nepal Chaudhary, Raina; Bhatta, Sabita; Singh, Alina; Pradhan, Manoj; Shrivastava, Brijendra; Singh, Yengkokpam I.; Sah, Ranjit; Fathah, Zareena; Mehta, Rachana; Rabaan, Ali A.; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Dhama, Kuldeep
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i2.33

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a global health problem and major cause of death in resource-limited countries like Nepal. Timely diagnosis with sensitive testing methods could assist in early management of the disease. This study was conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF and conventional acid-fast staining with M. tuberculosis culture. The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Shree Birendra Army Hospital, Nepal. Samples (n=500) were tested with a GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy. All samples were sent for M. tuberculosis conventional culture by the German-Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal (GENETUP). Out of a total 500 pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples tested, 97 samples were positive for M. tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Out of the positive samples, only 95 samples were found positive by the culture method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of AFB microscopy was 45.3%, 99.5%, 99.5% and 88.5%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GeneXpert MTB/RIF was found to be 100%, 99.5%, 97.5% and 100%, respectively compared to the gold standard culture method. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was comparable with culture diagnosis of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.
SARS-CoV-2 and Orientia tsutsugamushi co-infection in a young teen, Nepal: Significant burden in limited-resource countries in Asia? Bastola, Anup; Sah, Ranjit; Rajbhandari, Sagar K.; Jha, Runa; Fathah, Zareena; Chalise, Bimal S.; Shrestha, Bikesh; Shah, Rajesh K.; Balla, Pujan; Nepal, Richa; Adhikari, Bipin; Rabaan, Ali A.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i2.34

Abstract

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reports of co-infections with endemic pathogens are increasing around the world. Disease with similar clinical presentation may mask other disease diagnosis and increase the morbidity and mortality of the patients. We report co-infection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and O. tsutsugamushi in a patient in Nepal presenting with fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, generalized body ache, and knee joints pain with a history of dry cough and dyspnea at night. Since scrub typhus is prevalent and considerate as one of the public health consents in Asian countries and the possible overlapping clinical manifestation with other infections including COVID-19, a further investigation required to determine the burden of SARS-CoV-2 and O. tsutsugamushi co-infection in scrub typhus-endemic countries in Asia.
Acceptance and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in a region under Shariah law: A cross-sectional study in Aceh, Indonesia Rayhan, Muhammad A.; Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Nurjannah, Nurjannah; Ichsan, Ichsan; Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Khader, Yousef S.; Koyanagi, Ai; Sah, Ranjit; Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G.; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Lemu, Yohannes K.; Bouchra, Assarag; Linguissi, Laure SG.; Ikram, Aamer; Sallam, Dina E.; Parperis, Konstantinos; Wollina, Uwe; Rademaker, Marius; Vento, Sandro; Usman, Said
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i2.85

Abstract

Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptance of and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in the general population of Aceh, a holistic Shariah law implementation province in Indonesia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a quota sampling technique between 1 to 24 September 2021. To determine hypothetical vaccine acceptance, respondents were asked if they were willing to accept vaccines with combinations of either 50% or 95% effectiveness and either 5% or 20% risk of adverse effects. Willingness to purchase was assessed by asking whether the participants would pay for such vaccines at certain price points. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associated determinants. Out of 377 respondents included in the final analysis, 86.5% were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects. The acceptance rate dropped to 45.1% if the risk of adverse effects was 20%. Vaccines with 50% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects were acceptable to 42.2% but the acceptance went down to 17.2% if the risk of adverse effects increased to 20%. Multivariate analysis found that men were twice as likely to accept a vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects compared to females (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI 1.05–3.86). We found that 156/377 (41.3%) of respondents were willing to purchase a COVID-19 vaccine and of these participants 71.1% were willing to pay between Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 50,000–150,000 (US$ 3.33–10.00). In conclusion, the acceptance rate of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine varied based on effectiveness and the risk of adverse effects.
Monkeypox: Immune response, vaccination and preventive efforts Ophinni, Youdiil; Frediansyah, Andri; Sirinam, Salin; Megawati, Dewi; Stoian, Ana M.; Enitan, Seyi S.; Akele, Richard Y.; Sah, Ranjit; Pongpirul, Krit; Abdeen, Ziad; Aghayeva, Sevda; Ikram, Aamer; Kebede, Yohannes; Wollina, Uwe; Subbaram, Kannan; Koyanagi, Ai; Al Serouri, Abdulwahed; Nguendo-Yongsi, H. Blaise; Edwards, Jeffrey; Sallam, Dina E.; Khader, Yousef; Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G.; Memish, Ziad A.; Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Vento, Sandro; Rademaker, Marius; Sallam, Malik
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.90

Abstract

Infectious threats to humans are continuously emerging. The 2022 worldwide monkeypox outbreak is the latest of these threats with the virus rapidly spreading to 106 countries by the end of September 2022. The burden of the ongoing monkeypox outbreak is manifested by 68,000 cumulative confirmed cases and 26 deaths. Although monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease, patients can suffer from extremely painful skin lesions and complications can occur with reported mortalities. The antigenic similarity between the smallpox virus (variola virus) and monkeypox virus can be utilized to prevent monkeypox using smallpox vaccines; treatment is also based on antivirals initially designed to treat smallpox. However, further studies are needed to fully decipher the immune response to monkeypox virus and the immune evasion mechanisms. In this review we provide an up-to-date discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding monkeypox virus with a special focus on innate immune response, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccination against the virus.
Co-Authors Abdeen, Ziad Adhikari, Bipin Aghayeva, Sevda Akele, Richard Y. Al Serouri, Abdulwahed Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad Anak Agung Dewi Megawati, Anak Agung Dewi Andri Frediansyah, Andri Balla, Pujan Bastola, Anup Bhatta, Sabita Bouchra, Assarag Chalise, Bimal S. Chaudhary, Raina Dhama, Kuldeep Edwards, Jeffrey Enitan, Seyi S. Fathah, Zareena Ichsan Ichsan Ikram, Aamer Jha, Runa Kebede, Yohannes Khader, Yousef Khader, Yousef S. Koyanagi, Ai Lemu, Yohannes K. Linguissi, Laure SG. Mamun, Mohammed A. Mehta, Rachana Memish, Ziad A. Mudatsir Mudatsir Nepal, Richa Nguendo-Yongsi, H. Blaise Nurjannah Nurjannah Ophinni, Youdiil Parperis, Konstantinos Pongpirul, Krit Pradhan, Manoj Rabaan, Ali A. Rademaker, Marius Rajbhandari, Sagar K. Rayhan, Muhammad A. Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. Sallam, Dina E. Sallam, Malik Shah, Rajesh K. Shrestha, Bikesh Shrivastava, Brijendra Singh, Alina Singh, Yengkokpam I. Sirinam, Salin Stoian, Ana M. Subbaram, Kannan Usman, Said Vento, Sandro Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G. Wollina, Uwe