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All Journal Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal Dampak Journal of Environment and Sustainability Jurnal Purifikasi Serambi Engineering
Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Black Soldier Fly Larval Bioconversion of Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Carbon-Nitrogen Conversion and Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ursada, Riang; Zuhdi, Ahmed; Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti; Febrianto, Arry
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 23, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.23.5.1412-1422

Abstract

Fruit and vegetable waste accounts for approximately 36% of total food waste in Indonesia. The accumulation of this waste in landfills contributes to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental pollution through leachate production. Treatment using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae offers an efficient and sustainable alternative, with lower GHG emissions compared to composting or anaerobic digestion. This study aimed to evaluate the bioconversion efficiency of BSF larvae in reducing fruit and vegetable waste (specifically cabbage, water spinach, spinach, mustard greens, watermelon, melon, banana, and papaya) by analyzing the transformation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) into larval biomass and residue. Substrate compositions were varied with vegetable-to-fruit ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 (w/w), and larval densities of 1, 2, and 4 larvae/cm² were tested. Results showed that carbon and nitrogen conversion into larval biomass ranged from 7.92–17.59% and 4.96–21.69%, respectively, while conversion into residue ranged from 22.53–63.75% for carbon and 18.12–80.78% for nitrogen. The substrate with a 90:10 vegetable-to-fruit ratio produced the highest conversion efficiency. The values of Approximate Digestibility (AD), Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Food (ECD), and Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI) ranged from 32.44–74.71%, 17.68–42.96%, and 8.09–18.64%, respectively. The larval survival rates reached 95.61%. Furthermore, BSF bioconversion generated the lowest GHG emissions among all compared waste treatment methods, with a value of 102.27 g CO₂ eq/kg of waste. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of BSF larvae in managing fruit and vegetable waste while minimizing environmental impact, providing a foundation for further optimization in sustainable waste valorization systems.
Mapping the Potential of Organic Waste as a Bioconversion Substrate for Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) in Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency Fitriana, Aulia Rodlia; Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti; Warmadewanthi, IDAA; Hanh, Dang Vu Bich; Ursada, Riang
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 22, No 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v22i3.865-880

Abstract

Waste management remains a critical challenge in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas. Bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) presents a sustainable solution for transforming organic waste into high-value biomass rich in protein and fat. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential utilization of organic waste from markets, bakeries, and rejected products from the food and beverage (F&B) industry (specifically creamer and milk), as BSFL substrates, while mapping the existing bioconversion sites. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and field measurements. Primary data included location details, technical specifications, implementation constraints, and BSFL bioconversion sites. Waste composition was analyzed via Loud Count Analysis during a 4-day sampling period. This research was conducted in Surabaya City and its surroundings. The results indicate that market waste mostly consists of dark green vegetables (26.5%), other vegetables (64.1%), and year-round fruits (53.9%). Furthermore, the daily average rejected bread is 2.6-2.7 kg. Rejected foods and beverages include creamers, liquids, and sweetened condensed milk. The facility processes 16.16 tons/day of substrate potential, producing 44.61 tons fresh larvae and 53.85 tons frass, with profits of IDR 58.1-969.6 million. The findings demonstrate significant potential for utilizing local organic waste as BSFL substrates in the study area.
UTILIZATION OF NON-HAZARDOUS SECONDARY SLUDGE FROM BEVERAGE INDUSTRY WWTP AS A COMPOST SUBSTITUTE IN PLANTING MEDIA Mahendra, Bara; Warmadewanthi, I D A A; Nurhayati, Ervin; Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti
Purifikasi Vol 24 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Purifikasi
Publisher : Department of Environmental Engineering-Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/purifikasi.v24i2.521

Abstract

Secondary sludge generated from aerobic biological treatment in beverage industry wastewater plants is produced in large quantities and contains essential nutrients that offer potential for beneficial reuse. This study evaluates the utilization of non-hazardous secondary sludge as planting media by characterizing sludge properties and assessing its performance when mixed with three different type of soils (Soil A, B, and C) and amendments. Sludge cake was blended with each soil type as a control, and further treatments incorporated (a) dolomite, (b) Trichoderma sp., and (c) a combination of both amendments. The mixtures were monitored over two weeks for C/N ratio and N, P, K content, following compost quality parameters. Results indicate that most mixtures achieved a C/N ratio ≥10 after two weeks, except for Soil A with and without dolomite. All treatments exceeded the minimum compost nutrient requirements set by SNI 19-7030-2004. The application of Trichoderma sp. produced the highest nutrient enhancement, with nitrogen reaching 1.8% and phosphorus reaching 4.0% in sludge–Soil C mixtures, while potassium peaked at 0.4% in sludge–Soil B with Trichoderma sp. These findings confirm that secondary sludge from beverage industry WWTPs can be processed into viable planting media or compost substitutes, supporting sustainable sludge management and circular economy practices.
Co-Authors Aji Pangestu, Aditya Kurnia Anggrainy, Anita Dwi Arliyani, Isni Dewi Puji Rahayu Ervin Nurhayati, Ervin Fadjar Goembira Fathyah, Fathyah Fatkhasari, Yasokhi Febrianto, Arry Fitriana, Aulia Rodlia Hanh, Dang Vu Bich I.D.A.A Warmadewanthi Kalahari, Bintang La’ali, Anisah Zahira Lin, Jr-Lin Mahendra, Bara Mohammad Syaifuddin Noviani, Riskha Octavia, Lusya Sevyana Pangestu, Aditya Kurnia Aji Pratama, I Putu Eka Widya Radita, Deqi Rizkivia Raditya, Murry Rusyadi, Mughni Alvin Sidik, Fahrudin Ursada, Riang Warmadewanthi, I D A A Wicaksono, Aris Dwi Yulikasari, Andriyan Yulinah Trihadiningrum Zuhdi, Ahmed