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Management and Development of Indonesia’s Economic Diplomacy in 2015-2022 in Facing Global Economic Crisis Chairunnisa, Rizqi Shafira; Wiswayana, Wishnu Mahendra
Poltanesa Vol 24 No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : P3KM Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51967/tanesa.v24i2.2562

Abstract

Global uncertainty causes uncertain developments in the world economy. Various issues of the global economic crisis threaten various countries. Realizing this, Indonesia, through the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has begun to make efforts to maintain the stability of the country's economy by focusing its foreign policy direction on economic diplomacy. This research will try to analyze typology mapping of Indonesia's economic diplomacy to identify the management of Indonesia's economic diplomacy as an effort to improve the practice of economic diplomacy. This study uses a qualitative approach with thematic analysis methods and data collection techniques with documentary research and internet-based research. This research uses the Typology of economic diplomacy Rana because it can identify the capacity management of Indonesia's economic diplomacy as a developing country. This article shows that Indonesia has progressed well in carrying out economic diplomacy and has entered an evolving phase in the majority. This shows that the management of Indonesian Diplomacy has adapted to the opportunities that exist in carrying out its economic diplomacy. This article also finds that Indonesia is still on niche-focused typology that means Indonesia focus on carrying out economic diplomacy in certain parts and has not yet begun to open its market to other potentials. Finally, Indonesia has reached the initiative in the regional category which shows that Indonesia already has an influential role at the regional level.
Balance of Threat: Finland’s Responds to Potential Threat from Russia Post Russo-Ukrainian Conflict Escalation Karman, Lalu Ladeva Alfusa'idu; Wiswayana, Wishnu Mahendra
Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan Vol 17 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jsdk.v17i1.12223

Abstract

Two abrupt geopolitical events happen between 2022 and 2023. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and Finland’s application for NATO membership later that year shocked the geopolitical situation in Europe. The potential threat Russia brought upon its closest neighbour, Finland, has resulted in the Balancing action by Finland. Finnish Paradox, the development of Russia’s military, and Moscow’s passive-aggressive history are a few factors that led to Finland’s response to Russia’s potential threat. Balance of Threat theory will be used to explain the potential threat to Finland from Russia and how it shapes Finland’s geopolitical decision. The research will surround the question of “How does Finland respond to the potential threat from Russia Post Russo-Ukrainian Conflict Escalation?” and the hypotheses of “Finland joins NATO in 2023 because it is taking a balancing action towards Russia due to the potential threat Russia poses against Finland”. Thus, this research will scrutinize why and how Finland responded to the Moscow-Kiev conflict escalation. Russia’s numerous options of military strength added to its past aggressive behaviour, total aggregate and offensive power, and proximity to Finland, are adequate to be considered a threat to Finland. Therefore, Finland’s balancing action towards Russia’s potential threat is valid.