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Pyrolysis process control: temperature control design and application for optimum process operation Muharto, Bambang; Saputro, Frendy Rian; Prabowo, Wargiantoro; Anggoro, Trisno; Adiprabowo, Arya Bhaskara; Masfuri, Imron; Irawan, Bagus Bhakti
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1473-1485

Abstract

Fast pyrolysis in auger reactor gains attention for efficient bio-oil production. Due to the quick nature of the process, precise temperature control using the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm is paramount. This study harnesses various PID tuning approaches through modelling and experimental validation to optimize continuous and precise pyrolysis temperature. System identification was done to investigate the process dynamic with fit accuracy above 93% and design a suitable PID control. Comparison with the experiment data shows a favorable result with rise time and settling time match above 75%. Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and Cohen-Coon (CC) tuning methods were implemented in the system with undistinguished results, yielding steady-state error (SSE) below 1% and settling time around 4,300 to 4,800 seconds. The heuristic fine-tuning method improved the rise time and settling time by stabilizing before 3,600 seconds. Furthermore, the robustness of PID controllers was verified with a disturbance rejection test, keeping the SSE deviation inside the boundary of 2%. Finally, the setup could support maximum pyrolytic oil production by 69.6% at 500 °C. The result implies that the PID controller could provide a stable and rugged response to support a productive and sustainable pyrolysis plant operation.
Effects of CaO addition into CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst on hydrogen production through water gas shift reaction Hastuti, Zulaicha Dwi; Rosyadi, Erlan; Anindita, Hana Nabila; Masfuri, Imron; Rahmawati, Nurdiah; Rini, Tyas Puspita; Anggoro, Trisno; Prabowo, Wargiantoro; Saputro, Frendy Rian; Syafrinaldy, Ade
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.59257

Abstract

Hydrogen is a promising renewable energy carrier and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) is commonly used to generate hydrogen from renewable biomass feedstocks. Enriching hydrogen content in synthesis gas (syngas) production can be made possible by applying the WGSR after gasification. WGSR can achieve a maximal carbon monoxide (CO) conversion using a commercially patented CZA (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3) catalyst. This study proposed three in-lab self-synthesized CZA catalysts to be evaluated and compared with the patented catalyst performance-wise. The three catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation of different Cu:Zn:Al molar ratios: CZA-431 (4:3:1), CZA-531 (5:3:1) and CZA-631 (6:3:1). The catalysts characteristics were determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. CO gas was mixed with steam in a catalytic reactor with a 3:1 molar ratio, running continuously through the catalyst at 250 °C for 30 mins. All three catalysts, however, performed below expectations, where CZA-431 had a CO conversion of 77.44%, CZA-531 48.75%, and CZA-631 71.67%. CaO, as a co-catalyst, improved the performance by stabilizing the gas composition faster. The CO conversion of each catalyst also improved: CZA-431 improved its CO conversion to 97.39%, CZA-531 to 96.71%, and CZA-631 to 95.41%. The downward trend of the CO conversion was deemed to be caused by copper content found in CZA-531 and CZA-631 but not in CZA-431, which tended to form a Cu-Zn metal complex, weakening the catalyst's activity.
Real-Time Surfactant-Free Emulsification of Plastic-Derived Diesel Oil: Combustion and Emission Characteristics Prabowo, Wargiantoro; Yahya, Wira Jazair; Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto; Anggoro, Trisno; Saputro, Frendy Rian; Rosyadi, Erlan
Automotive Experiences Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Issue in Progress
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.15504

Abstract

Plastic waste pyrolysis has emerged as a promising strategy for converting non-recyclable plastics into plastic-derived diesel oil (PDDO), providing a pathway for both waste valorization and alternative fuel production. However, the direct utilization of PDDO in diesel engines remains constrained by suboptimal combustion behaviour and elevated exhaust emissions. While real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply systems (RTES) have been widely investigated for conventional diesel fuels, their application to PDDO has not yet been systematically evaluated in engine operation. This study presents the first implementation of a real-time non-surfactant emulsification system to generate surfactant-free water-in-PDDO emulsions containing 5–15% water by volume. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were experimentally assessed using a 4.5 kW single-cylinder compression-ignition generator at low and high loads. The results indicate that controlled water addition modifies combustion behaviour by improving spray atomization and secondary droplet breakup associated with micro-explosion phenomena. Among the tested blends, the 15% water emulsion (EPO15) provided the most balanced performance, improving brake thermal efficiency by 6.48% while reducing NOx emissions by up to 47.06% compared with the baseline fuel. Exhaust gas temperature was consistently reduced, without substantial deterioration in fuel consumption. These findings demonstrate that RTES can enhance the combustion and emission characteristics of PDDO, supporting its potential application in small-scale compression ignition engine systems.