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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

A Comparison Study between Green Synthesis of Microwave Irradiation and Solvent Evaporation Methods in The Formation of p-Methoxycinnamic Acid-Succinic Acid Cocrystals Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika; Setyawan, Dwi; Prameswari, Putu Pradnya Mimba; Susilo, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat; Amrillah, Tahta; Zaini, Erizal; Zidan, Sabry A. H.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.629-636

Abstract

Cocrystal of p-Methoxycinnamate acid-succinic acid has been produced by microwave irradiation and solvent evaporation methods. Cocrystals are formed using succinic acid as the coformer at a molar ratio of 1:1. The formation of cocrystal can be done by solvent evaporation method and microwave radiation method. Physicochemical properties have been studied by FT-IR, DSC, PXRD, and SEM analysis. The solubility test was carried out with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a temperature of 25±0.5°C for 5 hours and the dissolution test was carried out with 900 mL pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a temperature of 37±0.5°C with the speed of 75 rpm using a paddle-type dissolution test apparatus. The solubility of PMCA has increased its solubility in cocrystals by the solvent evaporation method by 1.19 times and by the microwave radiation method by 1.16 times compared to PMCA. The dissolution rate of the cocrystals of the solvent evaporation method increased by 3.50 times and the cocrystals of the microwave radiation method increased by 2.29 times compared to PMCA.
Ferulic Acid-Nicotinamide Cocrystal: Synthesis, Experimental, and Computation Study Pujiono, Fery Eko; Ekowati, Juni; Amrillah, Tahta; Setyawan, Dwi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.402-410

Abstract

Ferulic acid-nicotinamide cocrystals have been successfully synthesized using the solvent evaporation method. In this case, nicotinamide which acts as a coformer is mixed with ferulic acid with a 1:1 molar ratio via dissolving process in ethanol. The obtained cocrystals were characterized through Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and computational analyses. The DSC characterization revealed distinct endothermic peaks at 99.5°C and 128.5°C with a W-shaped profile. This result is different from the thermal behavior of pure ferulic acid which indicates that the ferulic acid-nicotinamide cocrystal is successfully formed. This result is also supported by the PXRD result which reveals distinct peaks at 5.24°, 16.31°, and 34.69° belong to crystal deformation of ferulic acid cocrystal due to the coexistence of nicotinamide coformer. The FTIR data also further indicate the formation of cocrystals marked by the disappearance of the NH(v) functional group at 3400 cm−1 and the emergence of a fuse-like peak at around 1600 cm−1 corresponding to the C-O(v) and NH() functional groups. SEM analysis also demonstrated morphological differences between the obtained cocrystal with pure ferulic acid crystals. The pure ferulic acid crystals exhibit a rectangular shape, whereas the cocrystals display a sword-like morphology. The phenomenon of cocrystal formation was also studied using computational studies through Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) which confirmed that the cocrystals were stabilized through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.