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Political Islam and agrarian question: Critique of political economy and critical agrarian approaches (Insights from sharecroppers and agricultural laborers in rural Java) Khalid Syaifullah; Hanindraputri, Eufrasia Kartika; Inaya, Nur’aini; Indah, Putri Dwi Permata
Dynamics of Rural Society Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Dynamics of Rural Society Journal
Publisher : Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Gorontalo State University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37905/drsj.v3i1.67

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between capitalism, agrarian transformation, and the development of political Islam in rural Indonesia, focusing on Bulak Village, West Java. It is grounded in debates concerning the relevance of rural areas as the basis for Islamic social movements in the context of global capitalism. The study seeks to answer how agrarian transformation influences class dynamics and the formation of populist Islam-based movements in rural areas. Using a qualitative approach that integrates interviews, observations, and literature reviews, the study reveals that class differentiation driven by agrarian changes—from the Green Revolution era to the dominance of Chinese entrepreneurs in the 1990s—has created significant inequality in access to agrarian means of production. The ulama (Islamic scholars) and haji (pilgrims) classes leveraged these changes to maintain their socio-economic dominance, while sharecroppers and agricultural laborers were the most adversely affected. This situation led to the formation of populist alliances based on religious narratives opposing the capital expansion of "outsiders," particularly Chinese entrepreneurs. However, aspirations within these alliances were fragmented along class lines, with sharecroppers and laborers exhibiting a more critical alternative awareness of capitalist relations compared to the ulama and haji. The study concludes that while Islamic populism is often regarded as an urban phenomenon, experiences in Bulak indicate that rural Islamic movements remain significant. Although these movements do not wholly reject capitalism, they reveal the potential for resistance grounded in diverse class-based awareness, especially from lower classes, against exploitative capitalist relations.
Ideology, Power, and Policy: A Discourse Analysis of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Higher Education Ramadhani, Nur Shabrina Atsarina; Nurrohmah, Elina; Khuzaimah; Latifa, Imma; Mudzakkir, Moh.; Indah, Putri Dwi Permata
SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/soshum.v15i1.29-37

Abstract

As the highest authority in Indonesia’s education sector, Nadiem Makarim plays a crucial role in shaping the discourse on ideal education through curriculum policies. However, the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar (Independence Policy) in higher education has sparked both support and criticism. This study aims to analyze the discourse surrounding the policy’s implementation using a qualitative approach and Sara Mills’ discourse analysis framework, which examines actor positioning within texts. Research data is sourced from media texts, and the study applies Michael W. Apple’s theory of ideology and power, which argues that educational institutions not only regulate behaviour but also shape the meaning of knowledge within the curriculum. Findings reveal two key aspects of Sara Mills’ discourse analysis: position-object analysis and author-reader positioning. The study identifies the Indonesian government, represented by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemdikbudristek), as the dominant actor with authority over decision-making. Meanwhile, students, educators, and education practitioners serve as both implementers and beneficiaries of the policy. The research highlights how Kemdikbudristek, as a power holder, influences the discourse on ideal higher education through the Merdeka Belajar curriculum, which is shaped by various ideological factors, including the perspectives of its leadership. This study contributes to discussions on curriculum formulation in higher education and offers insights for policymakers in designing future education policies.
Resistensi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMA: Studi Tentang Agensi dan Makna Belajar Indah, Putri Dwi Permata
Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May-August 2025
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/jrip.v5i2.3331

Abstract

Dalam pembelajaran, perilaku siswa yang sering dianggap sebagai hambatan kerap dikategorikan sebagai masalah disiplin, padahal dalam perspektif sosiologis dapat dimaknai sebagai bentuk agensi, yakni kemampuan individu untuk bertindak secara reflektif, strategis, dan proyektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk resistensi siswa dalam pembelajaran sosiologi, menggali makna subjektif yang melatarbelakanginya, dan menjelaskan resistensi tersebut sebagai ekspresi agensi dalam konteks struktur pendidikan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif di SMA Al Azhar Gresik, penelitian ini melibatkan 10 siswa kelas XI yang dipilih secara purposive dan dua guru sosiologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif selama empat pertemuan dan wawancara semi-terstruktur, dengan validitas dijamin melalui triangulasi sumber, pilot interview, konsultasi pakar, serta penerapan prinsip etika penelitian. Analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi data, koding, dan pengelompokan tema hingga mencapai saturasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga bentuk resistensi siswa, yaitu resistensi pasif (absensi mental, diam, bermain ponsel), resistensi ekspresif (kritik verbal terhadap materi atau metode pembelajaran), dan resistensi simbolik (tidak atau asal mengerjakan tugas). Ketiga bentuk resistensi ini dapat dipahami melalui teori agensi, hidden transcript, dan resistensi kultural, yang menunjukkan bahwa resistensi merupakan respons kritis terhadap materi dan metode pembelajaran yang dianggap kurang relevan. Penelitian ini terbatas pada satu lokasi dengan jumlah partisipan yang relatif sedikit, namun temuan menegaskan pentingnya pembelajaran yang kontekstual, partisipatif, dan reflektif guna mengakomodasi suara siswa, sekaligus menawarkan pembacaan baru terhadap resistensi sebagai ekspresi agensi, bukan sekadar pelanggaran disiplin.