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Operational Modal Analysis of a Box Girder Bridge using Fast Fourier Transform and Stochastic Subspace Identification Akbar, Muhammad; Aminullah, Akhmad; Awaludin, Ali
INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/inersia.v21i2.83380

Abstract

The A.P. Pettarani Flyover Bridge in Makassar serves as a critical infrastructure supporting community mobility and regional economic activities. With the increasing volume of traffic and the resulting structural loads, the implementation of a Structural Health Monitoring System (SHMS) becomes essential to ensure both the safety and maintenance efficiency of the bridge. This study aims to explore the application of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) through the use of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) methods to analyze the bridge's structural health by extracting natural frequencies and damping ratios from dynamic response data. Dynamic response data were obtained through permanently installed accelerometers, enabling continuous monitoring of the bridge’s vibrational behavior due to traffic loads and environmental influences. The FFT analysis effectively identified the dominant frequency at 3.92 Hz, consistent with the results from SSI analyses both SSI Data and SSI Covariance methods which also yielded a natural frequency of 3.92 Hz. Additionally, other frequencies were observed in the range of 9.80 Hz to 9.81 Hz, with corresponding damping ratios varying between 1% and 3%. The consistency in natural frequency results from both methods highlights the reliability of OMA in capturing the modal characteristics crucial for structural health assessment. Harnessing modern sensor technology and advanced spectral and subspace identification techniques, this monitoring system facilitates early detection of potential damage before it evolves into more significant issues. The practical implications of this research include enhancing maintenance strategies toward more targeted and sustainable bridge management. Furthermore, the success of this study provides a valuable reference model for the continual development of SHMS for other bridges throughout Indonesia, ultimately promoting road user safety and the longevity of national infrastructure.
Structural Performance of Circular Hollow Steel Damper with Fins and Gaps Aritonang, Tobok S. M.; Satyarno, Iman; Awaludin, Ali; Setiawan, Angga F.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-03

Abstract

Prior studies have shown that fin reinforcement on a circular hollow steel damper (CHSD) could mitigate buckling and enhance shear strength. However, in bridge applications, repeated vibrations from lateral traffic loads and low-frequency cyclic actions may cause premature energy dissipation and fatigue damage, thus reducing the seismic performance of CHSD during design-level earthquakes. To address this issue, this study integrates fins and gaps into CHSD to enhance stability against buckling and to mitigate fatigue-induced damage. The CHSD specimens were fabricated in three variations: without fins, with fins, and with fins and gaps. Cyclic loading tests and nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to evaluate their effects on mechanical properties and seismic performance. Cyclic loading was performed in accordance with the AISC 341-22 protocol and applied at 0° and 30° to simulate multidirectional lateral forces. The cyclic test results reveal that the addition of fins exhibits both beneficial and adverse effects on the mechanical properties and seismic performance of CHSD, while the gap reduces the equivalent viscous damping ratio. The backbone curves derived from the numerical analyses agree well with experimental results. Furthermore, the damper shear resistance and deformation capacity are delayed by the presence of gaps, mitigating fatigue-related damage.
Kajian Perilaku Lentur Balok Finger Jointed Laminated Board (FJLB) Kayu Karet (Hevea Brasiliensis) Shulhan, M. Afif; Awaludin, Ali; Nugroho, Maris Setyo; Octavia, Sherly
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Volume 28, Nomor 2 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mkts.v28i2.45714

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku lentur balok FJLB (finger jointed laminated board) kayu Karet sebagai komponen struktur bangunan. Penelitian dijalankan melalui pendekatan eksperimen dan analisis numerik terhadap enam buah spesimen balok FJLB dengan dimensi penampang 100 mm x 150 mm dan panjang 2850 mm. Eksperimen terdiri dari pengujian spesimen skala kecil (BS-373:1957) dan uji lentur empat titik (EN-408) dengan dua orientasi penampang yang berbeda (flatwise dan edgewise). Analisis numerik dilaksanakan menggunakan analisis elemen hingga 2-D yang dikembangkan pada program MATLAB berdasarkan asumsi plane stress. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa beban lentur maksimum pada balok dengan orientasi edgewise mencapai 24,6 kN, lebih tinggi daripada balok dengan orientasi flatwise sebesar 19,7 kN. Meskipun demikian, tegangan lentur (modulus of rupture) kedua orientasi balok tidak berbeda signifikan. Semua benda uji balok mengalami kegagalan yang getas (brittle failure) yang disebabkan kegagalan perekat (glueline) antar lamina atau pada finger joint. Hasil dari pengukuran regangan pada tengah bentang menunjukkan bahwa balok FJLB mengalami kegagalan dengan respon elastik. Hal ini divalidasi analisis numerik.
Evaluasi Perilaku Lentur Balok Tinggi LVL Sengon dengan Pengekang Lateral pada kedua Tumpuan Awaludin, Ali; Wusqo, Urwatul
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Volume 27, Nomor 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (650.715 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/mkts.v27i2.35911

Abstract

Balok dengan dengan rasio tinggi terhadap lebar penampang (d/b) yang besar biasanya digunakan pada struktur yang membutuhkan kapasitas momen lentur yang besar. Namun demikian, penggunaan balok dengan rasio d/b yang tinggi ini memiliki kerentanan akan terjadinya guling/torsi pada struktur. Oleh karena itu, pengekang lateral perlu ditambahkan untuk mencegah terjadinya tekuk torsi lateral pada balok. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian lentur tiga titik pada sampel balok uji Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) dari sengon berukuran 250 mm ´ 50 mm ´  2500 mm yang diberi pengekang lateral pada kedua ujungnya. Hasil pengujian menujukkan bahwa beban ultimit yang dapat ditahan oleh balok LVL adalah sebesar 27,88 kN. Properti mekanik dasar dari material LVL sengon yang didapatkan dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya digunakan untuk mencari nilai kapasitas balok LVL. Sementara itu, kapasitas balok dicari menggunakan perhitungan manual (berdasarkan SNI 7973:2013) dan analisa numerik. Analisis numerik dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ABAQUS dan hasilnya dievaluasi menggunakan kriteria kegagalan Tsai-Hill dan regangan maksimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kriteria regangan maksimum mampu memberikan nilai kapasitas balok LVL yang lebih dekat dengan sampel yang diuji di laboratorium dibandingkan dengan kriteria kegagalan Tsai-Hill.
DESIGN PHASE OF A CYLINDRICAL LONG-SPAN COAL SHED WITH STEEL ARCH SPACE-TRUSS STRUCTURE Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Aminullah, Akhmad; Awaludin, Ali; Gherry, K. T. N.; Adhitama, Y. A.; Darmawan, M. Fauzi
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Maret 2022
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (548.407 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v5i2.56329

Abstract

This paper discusses the structural design phase of a long-span coal shed structure in a 2x50 MW steam power plant. This study aims to share knowledge on how to design a long-span coal shed structure safely based on the design standards. The main structural system of the coal shed roof is a steel arch space-truss with 120 m of span and 31 m of height above supporting 12.5 m height of reinforced concrete columns. The superstructure contains a roof system and reinforced concrete system. The substructure system consists of a tie beam, pile cap, and bore pile. In the numerical model, all structural members were idealized as frame elements, except the pile cap that to be idealized as shell elements. Then, the soil springs were assigned to the bore pile element nodals with a 1 m interval to simulate the soil-structure interaction. The gravity loads due to dead loads, additional dead loads, live loads, rain loads, and lateral loads due to wind action and earthquakes to be considered. Furthermore, the structural analysis was conducted with non-linear geometric to simulate the large displacement effects and tension only element of the wind bracing. In addition, a simplified method to estimate the structural stability under lateral load was conducted. Based on the structural analysis and structural design, the coal shed structure could fulfill the safety criteria in terms of ultimate and serviceability limit based on the design code criteria. Furthermore, the non-linear geometry and stability issue should be considered with an appropriate structural analysis method.
EVALUASI KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN PADA BANGUNAN UTAMA MASJID AGUNG KRATON SURAKARTA Susilo, Rima Wahyu; Awaludin, Ali; Irawati, Inggar Septhia
Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Maret 2023
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (596.994 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jrrs.v6i2.70772

Abstract

Masjid Agung Kraton Surakarta is located in the city of Surakarta, Central Java Province and is a National Cultural Heritage building. The mosque was built during the reign of Pakubuwana II in 1745 AD with a total area of 19,180 m2. The main building of the mosque measures 34.2 meters x 33.5 meters. The mosque is supported by 4 main pillars (Soko Guru) and 12 additional pillars (Soko Rawa) made of wood. Indonesia is located at the confluence of three major world plates that cause the Pacific earthquake line and the Asian earthquake line. This causes the probability of large earthquake waves, and the frequency of occurrence is quite frequent in Indonesia. According to SNI 1726-2019, houses of worship have a risk category 4, where the building must maintain the function of the building structure during an earthquake. One of the regulations for evaluating a building is SNI 1726-2019. In this study, a tenant mortise joint with a maximum moment of 7.2 kNm and a rotation of 0.124 rad was modeled on the main structure of the Surakarta Grand Kraton Mosque with SAP2000 software. The loading combination is based on SNI 1726 2019 with earthquake loads obtained from the rsa cipta karya site. Based on the structural analysis that has been carried out, the results show that the maximum moment that occurs in the connection is 0.5373 kNm which is located at joint 89 elements 161 and obtained a maximum deformation of 6.442 mm.