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All Journal MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner

T Toharmat

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Author-ID : 2421446

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Veterinary

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Preferensi Pakan dan Kebutuhan Nutrien Anoa Gunung (Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910) pada Kondisi Prabudidaya M Basri; . Suryahadi; T Toharmat; H S Alikodra
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 1 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The aim of this study was to obtain information in relation to kind of forest plants which were usually consumed by mountain anoa in its natural habitat and community area around the forest, and to estimate energy and nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth of anoa. This study was conducted in Province of Central Sulawesi using six anoas. Digestal analysis method was used to study kind of forest plants in the rumen of anoas. Cafetaria system was used to obtain information related to the dry matter intake of forest plants. Regression analysis was used to estimate energy and nutrient requirements of anoa. The results showed that anoa consumed Ficus vasculosa Rump (fruits), Scleria purpurescens (leaves), Ficus sp. (shoots), Brachiaria mutica (leaves) and Ipomea aquatica Fordk (leaves and stems). The dry matter intake of these feeds were 29.1 ± 8.5, 16.5 ± 3.8, 14.2 ± 2.8, 7.6 ± 1.7 and 4.8 ± 0.6 g/kg W0.75, respectively. The energy and nutrient requirements of anoa for maintenance based on g/kg W0.75 were 22 g TDN, 6.3 g protein, 0.457 g Ca and 0.427 g P. The energy and nutrient requirements of anoas for growth based on g/kg weight gain were 1333.64 g TDN, 399.9 g protein, 29.38 g Ca and 26.85 g P. Key words: anoa, feed preference, nutrient requirements

Inkorporasi Kromium oleh Fungi Ganoderma lucidum dengan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Substrat F Agustin; T Toharmat; D Evvyernie; D Taniwiryo; S. Tarigan; I Prihantono
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The aim of this study was to determine the effective Cr (chromium) level for Ganoderma lucidum growth in solid state fermentation of oil palm by-product. Treatments were combination of Cr level (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 25000, and 3000 ppm) and fermentation time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks). The treatments were allocated in a factorial 7x5 of complete randomized design with four replications. Inoculant of G. lucidum was grown in potato dextrosa agar (PDA) medium for 10 days and then innoculated to substrate which have been autoclaved and mixed with CrCl3.6H2O. The moisture of substrate was maintained at 65%. Growth media of G. lucidum was diluted with aquades and the supernatant was analysed for its Cr content. The result showed that the addition of Cr up to 3000 ppm into the medium stimulated the G. lucidum growth in all experimental condition. The Cr ions were incorporated into the media and G. lucidum cells during fermentation. Incorporation of chromium by G. lucidum was higher in oil palm by-product substrate with 3000 ppm Cr than the others. It is concluded that Cr can be incorporated into the G. lucidum cells during fermentation. The effective level of Cr for G. lucidum growth was 3000 ppm with efficiency of Cr incorporation 68.23% in 8 weeks fermentation and chromium in protein of fermentation product was 12.01%. Key words: chromium, Ganoderma lucidum, oil palm by-product

Hubungan Masa Kosong dengan Produktivitas pada Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein di Baturraden, Indonesia A Atabany; B P Purwanto; T Toharmat; A Anggraeni
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 2 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Productivity of dairy cows not only expresed by milk yield, but also the reproductive performance. General speaking that the milk yield depends on reproductive performance and vice versa. The present study was conducted to observe the milk yield and reproductive performance of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows. This study was conducted using 150 sets of weekly recording of milk yield from 50 FH cows. Milk yield was calculated by using time interval method (TIM) which was equivalent to ME 305 days. The data were analysed using polynomial regression model. Results of the study indicated that the effect of days open on milk yield had significant effect on quadratic and qubic regression model. The average days open was 138.77 days. According to the quadratic regression model, increasing days open decreased milk yield and the minimum milk yield was observed at 169 days open.

Mineral Utilization in Rams Fed Ration Supplemented with Different Levels of Chromium, Calcium, and Cation-Anion Balances D Sudrajat; T Toharmat; A Boediono; I G Permana; R I Arifiantini; F Amir
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral for ruminants. Its metabolism and interactions with other minerals has not been widely known. This experiment was designed to evaluate the utilization of minerals and growth of Garut ram fed ration supplemented with Cr and different Dietary Cation Anion Balance (DCAB) and Ca level. Dietary treatments, namely: R0 (Ration with DCAB+14); R1 (Ration with DCAB+14 + Cr 3ppm,); R2 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Ca); R3 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Cr 3 ppm + Ca), were allocated in twenty four of 1.5-2 years old Garut rams in a randomized block design. The results showed that Cr supplementation in rations containing different levels of Ca did not affect feed intake, body weight gain, and dry matter digestibility, but reduced the absorption of Cr and Ca of the low Ca diet. Supplementation of Cr had no effect on Cr, Ca, Zn, and Mg status in blood and semen of the rams. Level of Cr intake had negative correlation with Ca absorption and positive correlation with blood Cr levels. There is a positive relationship between level of Ca intake with Ca and Mg absorption and blood Ca and Zn levels. Intake of Cr and Ca was not related to the semen Cr and Ca levels.

Nutritive Value of Coffee Husk Fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus as Ruminant Feed I Badarina; D Evvyernie; T Toharmat; E N Herliyana; I K Darusman
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Coffee husks is an abundant crop residue but the content of anti nutritional substances such as caffeine, tannin, and lignin limit its utilization as feed ingredients. Higher fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus have the ability to biotransform lignocellulosic materials through their extracellular enzyme activities. This study was carried out to assess the effect of solid state fermentation by using P. ostreatus on nutrient composition of coffee husk and to evaluate its potency as ruminant feed in vitro. The in vitro experiment was conducted to determine fermentability of treated coffee husk. The usage rate of fermented coffee husk was mimicked feeding level to mid lactation dairy cows; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (R0 to R4). Fermentation of coffee husk by P. ostreatus increased its protein, from 10.36% to 12.14%, and cellulose, from 19.51% to 24.80%, and decreased its lignin, from 65.42% to 45.04%, tannin from 1.02% to 0.18%, and caffeine, from 1.39% to 0.20%, concentrations. There were no differences in ruminal pH and N-ammonia production but volatile fatty acid production and dry matter digestibility decreased as the fermented coffee husk level increased. The ruminal protozoa population in fermented coffee husk diets was lower than the control diets (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is possible to use 20% of fermented coffee husk in the ration.

The Incorporation of Chromium in Rice Straw Fermented with Ganoderma lucidum F Agustin; T Toharmat; D Evvyernie; D Taniwiryono; S Tarigan
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The research was designed to evaluate chromium incorporation by Ganoderma lucidum in rice straw substrate supplemented with chromium chloride. Treatments were combination of Cr level (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 25000, and 3000 ppm) and fermentation time (0, 2, 3, and 4 wk). The treatments were arranged in a factorial 7 x 4 and allocated in completely randomized design with three replications. G. lucidum was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for 10 days and was inoculated to the substrate which have been sterilized and mixed with CrCl3.6H2O. The moisture of substrate was maintained at 70%. Fiber and protein components of growth media of G. lucidum was determined and analyzed for their Cr content. The finding result showed that addition of Cr up to 3000 ppm into the substrate stimulated the G. lucidum growth. Chromium was incorporated into the fiber and protein components of the growth substrate of G. lucidum during fermentation. Incorporation of Cr into the protein of substrate containing3000 ppm Cr was highest when fermented for 4 wk. Protein component of substrate contained 9.29% Cr while in NDF and ADF was 27.20% and 10.55% Cr, respectively. It is concluded that Cr was incorporated into the G. lucidum cells during fermentation.

Roles of Dietary Cobalt and Administration of Mixed Rumen Bacteria in Regulating Hematological Parameters of Pre-weaning Twin Lambs T Adelina; A Boediono; I G Permana; T R Wiradarya; D Evvyernie; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Cobalt (Co) is required by rumen microorganism for vitamin B12 synthesis. Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor for methionine synthesis and gluconeogenesis. In young ruminants up to 6–8 wk old, the rumen has not been completely developed and rumen microorganisms are not ready to supply vitamin B12. The aim of this research was to determine the potency of mixed rumen bacteria and dietary supplementation of Co and its effect on plasma glucose, blood minerals (Co, Fe, and Zn) concentrations, and hematology of pre-weaning twin lambs. Twelve one month-old local twin lambs were assigned to 4 groups in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were fed cow milk at 10% body weight, adjusted weekly for 80 d. Mixed rumen bacteria were offered at 15 mL/d (8.295x1010 cfu). Dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM cyanocobalamin (VitB12) and 3) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM of Co + administration of 15 mL mixed rumen bacteria (CoBac). There were no treatment effects on neither plasma glucose and blood mineral concentrations nor hematological profiles. This study demonstrated that pre-weaning twin lambs are not responsive to supplementation of Co and administration of mixed rumen bacteria.

Preferences of Rusa timorensis to Grasses and Their Body Morphometry and Velvet Antler Characteristics M Sudibyo; Y Santosa; B Masy'ud; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) is a wild native animal to Indonesia. The stags produce a high economic value of velvet antler (VA). This study was designed to evaluate the feed preference, nutrient consumption, age and morphometric of deer in relation to their velvet antler product (weigth and length) and quality (mineral and amino acids). Five stags with three ages classes were offered 3 combinations of 4 grasses in a captive area. Grasses were offered for 3 periods of 12 consecutive days during velvet antler growth period. Velvet antlers were harvested at 36 days old and analysed for their chemical content. The result showed that Timor deer had different preference to the grasses offered. Deer had a high preference on the combination of Pennisetum purpureum, Commelina benghalensis, Hierochloe horsfieldii, and Sorghum caudatum. High intake of grasses increased body weight. The regresion equation between the weight or length of velvet antler withage (year) and girth size (cm) were: Y (velvet antler weight)= 0.43 + 0.03 (age), r2= 0.99, P<0.05, and Y (length of velvet antler) = 5.7 + 0.31 (girth size), r2= 0.99, P<0.05. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and proline content of velvel antler were high in the older deer. The older deer having high girth size had the higher quality of velvet antler.

Ability of fiber bacteria isolated from buffalo rumen in digesting various sources of forage Iwan Prihantoro; T Toharmat; D Evvyernie; Suryani .; L Abdullah
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Local buffalo rumen fluid is a source of fiber digesting bacteria. Such bacteria presumably are well adapted to feed stuffs derived from agricultural byproducts with low quality. The purposes of this study were: (1) to isolate the fiber-digesting bacteria from buffalo rumen fluid, (2) to determine the fiber digesting characteristics and adaptability of such bacteria, and (3) to characterize the bacterial diversity. Rumen fluids for the experiment were collected from buffaloes slaughtered at the Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University abattoir. Fiber-digesting bacteria were isolated using McDougall buffer supplemented with fibrous feed. A factorial experiment was conducted to study characteristics and adaptability of the bacteria using two factors: the type of bacteria and type of feed source of the fiber. Diversity among the bacteria was analyzed using the NTSys2.10 program.Results showed that nine bacterial isolates had a high adaptability to fiber feed based on CMCase. The highest CMCase activity bacteria for Pennisetum purpureum were A9 (11.36±1.70 unit/ml/h), A3 (11.22±0.60 unit/ml/h) and A42 (10.62±1.96 unit/ml/h). CMCase activity of fiber digesting bacteria from buffalo rumen fluid was not correlated with the number of bacteria in the culture. Based on genetic similarity, nine isolates were grouped into five types having similarity≥46%. Key Words: Buffalo Rumen Fluid, Fiber-Digesting Bacteria, Low Quality Forage

Potency of fiber rumen bacterial isolates from local buffalo inoculated into Frisian Holstein calves during preweaning period Iwan Prihantoro; D Evvyernie; Suryani .; L Abdullah; N.S Yunitasari; A.P Sari; D Khairunisa; A Haziq; N Rahayu; T Toharmat
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Fiber-digesting bacteria are the main rumen bacteria that play an important role in digesting feed. These bacteria are adapted to low quality forage from agricultural byproduct. The aim of these study was to determine the potency of fiber-digesting bacteria consortium obtained from buffalo rumen inoculated to Frisian Holstein calves during preweaning on feed consumption, utilization, mineral uptake and physiological status. This study used 14 isolates of bacteria obtained from collection of Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental unit consisted of six Frisian Holstein calves at two week old with the average body weight of 38.00 ± 6.23 kg. Calves were inoculated by 20 ml of fiber-digesting rumen bacterial isolates [4.56 x 109 cfu/ml] every morning for four weeks. Experimental design used was based on a completly randomized design with three calves received the respective inoculation (treatment group) and three calves without any inoculation (control group). Data were analyzed statistically using t-test method with α = 0.05 and 0.01. The results showed that fiber-digesting bacteria (FDB) from rumen buffalo have adapted in the calves rumen since preweaning periode. Inoculation FDB increased the number of rumen bacteria, digestibility of protein and P uptake calves at eight weeks old. Increased feed intake, uptake of Mg and cobalt calves at 14 weeks old. Without causing any negative effects on ADG, physiological status and rumen fermentability. Key Words: Fiber-Digesting Bacteria, Nutrient Intake, Rumen Fermentability

Co-Authors . Adawiah A Anggraeni A Atabany A Boediono A Haziq A Sudono A.P Sari B Masy'ud B P Purwanto B.W H.E Prasetiyono C I Novita D Khairunisa D Sudrajat D Taniwiryo D Taniwiryono Dwierra Evvyernie E N Herliyana E Nursasih F Agustin F Amir F Fathul H S Alikodra I Badarina I G Permana I Hernaman I K Darusman I K Sutama I Prihantono Iwan Prihantoro L Abdullah M Basri M Sudibyo N A Sigit N Hotimah N Rahayu N Ramli N.S Yunitasari Nahrowi Nahrowi P I Pudjiono R I Arifiantini R Nazilah R Syarief S Tarigan S. Tarigan Suryahadi (Suryahadi) Suryani . T adelina T Q Noerzihad T R Wiradarya T Sutardi U H Tanuwiria W D Astuti W Manalu Y Retnani Y Santosa

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