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Helmi Ismunandar
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Journal : Medula

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Rabdomiosarkoma Helmi Ismunandar; Rani Himayani; Diki Prawira Adifa
Medula Vol 10 No 4 (2021): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v10i4.158

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue malignancy with prevalences about 5% of all malignancies in children and 20% of soft tissue malignancies that occur in children. The most common primary tumor sites include the head and neck area followed by the genitourinary and extremities. Meanwhile, the most common subtypes are embryonic in children and alveolar in adolescents. Although the specific etiology for RMS is largely unknown, there are increased risk factors for environmental factors such as radiation and drugs, syndromes, and chromosomal abnormalities. The clinical symptoms vary and are related to the location of the mass and the blockage it caused. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are gold standard tests for diagnosing RMS and determining subtypes that serve as prognosis and therapy. Various therapeutic approaches can be surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or in a combination.
Rakhitis: Tinjauan Pustaka Helmi Ismunandar; Rani Himayani; Maula Al Farisi
Medula Vol 10 No 4 (2021): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v10i4.163

Abstract

Vitamin D and calcium are important nutrients in bones. Bone growth and mineralization are dependent on the availability of adequate calcium and phosphate. Due to the lack of mineralization in the bone plates it causes rickets. Rickets is the most common bone disease worldwide and became known in 1650’s when it first appeared in Europe. Rickets can have a profound impact on the health, growth and development of infant’s, children’s and adolescent’s which can result in death or persistence to adult. Rickets is a metabolic disease of the bones, that is often associated with vitamin D deficiency and decreased circulating calcium storage, mainly due to a lack of bone capacity to absorb the calcium. Usually people with rickets have a short stature and have joint disorders. There are several types of rickets, such as rickets type-1 and type-2 that depend on vitamin D (but in type-2 rickets involves a genetic disorder related to the FGF23 gene), renal rickets due to decreased of kidney function, rickets hypocalcemia caused by deficiency of calcium, and hypophosphatemic rickets caused by deficiency of phosphate. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history, physical examination, radiological examination and biochemical tests.
Ruptur Tendon Achilles: Tinjauan Pustaka Helmi Ismunandar; Rani Himayani; Ranti ayu puspita Alwi
Medula Vol 10 No 4 (2021): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v10i4.165

Abstract

The Achilles tendon (AT) is the most frequently ruptured tendon in the human body but its etiology is poorly understood. Achilles tendon rupture (44% to 83%) occurs during sports activities, intrinsic structural, biochemical, and biomechanical changes associated with aging. The two main explanations for mechanism are degenerative and mechanical theories. The diagnosis of AT rupture is based on a history of such a sudden feeling of pain in the heel, sometimes accompanied by a pounding sound during activity. Specific physical examinations that can be done are the Simmonds or Thompson squeezed test, O'Brien's test, the matles or knee flexion test, and the Copeland test or sphygmomanometer. The diagnosis can be made by a good history and physical examination. Imaging is usually not required, as a diagnosis can be made clinically. Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help if the diagnosis is not clear (partial rupture or tendonopathy). Non-operative and operative management may be options. The initial management of Achilles tendon rupture is rest, elevation, pain control, and functional support. For most patients with Achilles tendon rupture, the prognosis is very good. However, in some non-athletic patients, there may be some residual deficits such as reduced range of motion. No matter which method is used to treat tendon ruptures, participating in exercises is very important.
Ewing Sarkoma: Ulasan Singkat Keganasan: Indonesia Rafi Gutra Aslam; Helmi Ismunandar; Risal Wintoko; Exsa Hadibrata; Anisa Nuraisa Jausal
Medula Vol 13 No 5 (2023): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i5.336

Abstract

A malignancy that identified first by James Ewing in 1921. Ewing sarcoma is a malignancy of the bones caused by abnormal activity of progenitor cell mesenchymal occurs by a genetic factor where the patient had a combination of translocation chromosome non-random in t(11; 22) (q24;q12) or t(21; 22) (q22; q12). The patient will have pathognomonic findings of periosteal reaction similar to "Onion skin", lesions like “Moth-eaten”, and “Codman’s Triangle” in radiology findings. Second highest malignancy bone prevalent worldwide after osteosarcoma. This malignancy occurs commonly in the male gender, incidence peaked in the approximately first decade in life with a prognosis range of about 5 years more or less. The malignancy occurs in the metaphysis-diaphysis part of the bone that has a variety of prognoses based on stage, metastasis, and therapy. Literature Review method is used in this article writing by article, journal, and book that review shortly about Ewing sarcoma from multi-aspect of etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, staging, prognosis, complication, and education as the last topic. Prognosis of Ewing Sarcoma patient will be better if given multimodal therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and operation that adjusted with the condition in every patient. Nevertheless, further research is needed about best treatment in goals to extend patient survivability and enhance prognoses approximately in 3 years.
Co-Authors Anisa Nuraisa Jausal ari wahyuni Diki Prawira Adifa Exsa Hadibrata Maula Al Farisi Rafi Gutra Aslam Rani Himayani Rani Himayani Rani Himayani Ranti ayu puspita Alwi Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina Risal Wintoko