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Eksplorasi Isolat Lemah Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus pada Pertanaman Cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat -, asniwita; Hidayat, SH; Suastika, G; Sujiprihati, S; Susanto, S; Hayati, I
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Salah satu virus utama yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai ialah Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) yang potensial menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Strategi pengendalian virus melalui proteksi silang mengandalkan kemampuan virus strain lemah dalam melindungi tanaman dari infeksi virus strain kuat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi isolat lemah ChiVMV pada pertanaman cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat, sedangkan deteksi ChiVMV dilakukan di Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan dan penularan ke tanaman cabai di Rumah Kaca Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Februari sampai Juli 2011. Isolat-isolat ChiVMV dari tiap daerah berhasil ditularkan dan diperbanyak pada tanaman cabai rentan (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13 di rumah kaca. Berdasarkan gejala penyakit dan keparahan penyakit, isolat ChiVMV dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu isolat kuat (CKB), isolat sedang (CKW), dan isolat lemah (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, dan PGL). Isolat-isolat lemah ChiVMV ini selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat agens proteksi silang dalam pengendalian penyakit belang yang disebabkan oleh ChiVMV.ABSTRACT. Asniwita,  Hidayat, SH, Suastika, G, Sujiprihati, S, Susanto, S, and Hayati, I 2012. Exploration of Weak Isolates of  Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus from Chili Peppers in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java. Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) is known as an important virus infecting chili peppers and may cause significant yield loss.  Management strategy of virus diseases using cross protection relies on the ability of mild strain of virus to protect plant from infection by severe strain of the same virus. A research was initiated to employ cross protection approach for disease management to reduce the infection of ChiVMV.  Initial exploration was conducted at chili peppers growing areas in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java to collect ChiVMV field isolates, whereas ChiVMV detection was conducted at Plant Virology Laboratorium, and transmission to chili peppers in Greenhouse Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural Institute from February to July 2011. ChiVMV isolates were successfully collected and propagated in susceptible chili peppers line (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13.  Based on percentage of symptom development, and disease severity of ChiVMV isolates can be differentiated into three groups, i.e. strong isolate (CKB), mild isolate (CKW), and weak isolates (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, and PGL). Further characterization of promising ChiVMV weak isolates could use as an agent of cross protection candidates in controlling mottle disease caused by ChiVMV.
Eksplorasi Isolat Lemah Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus pada Pertanaman Cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat -, asniwita; Hidayat, SH; Suastika, G; Sujiprihati, S; Susanto, S; Hayati, I
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p181-186

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Salah satu virus utama yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai ialah Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) yang potensial menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Strategi pengendalian virus melalui proteksi silang mengandalkan kemampuan virus strain lemah dalam melindungi tanaman dari infeksi virus strain kuat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi isolat lemah ChiVMV pada pertanaman cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat, sedangkan deteksi ChiVMV dilakukan di Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan dan penularan ke tanaman cabai di Rumah Kaca Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Februari sampai Juli 2011. Isolat-isolat ChiVMV dari tiap daerah berhasil ditularkan dan diperbanyak pada tanaman cabai rentan (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13 di rumah kaca. Berdasarkan gejala penyakit dan keparahan penyakit, isolat ChiVMV dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu isolat kuat (CKB), isolat sedang (CKW), dan isolat lemah (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, dan PGL). Isolat-isolat lemah ChiVMV ini selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat agens proteksi silang dalam pengendalian penyakit belang yang disebabkan oleh ChiVMV.ABSTRACT. Asniwita,  Hidayat, SH, Suastika, G, Sujiprihati, S, Susanto, S, and Hayati, I 2012. Exploration of Weak Isolates of  Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus from Chili Peppers in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java. Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) is known as an important virus infecting chili peppers and may cause significant yield loss.  Management strategy of virus diseases using cross protection relies on the ability of mild strain of virus to protect plant from infection by severe strain of the same virus. A research was initiated to employ cross protection approach for disease management to reduce the infection of ChiVMV.  Initial exploration was conducted at chili peppers growing areas in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java to collect ChiVMV field isolates, whereas ChiVMV detection was conducted at Plant Virology Laboratorium, and transmission to chili peppers in Greenhouse Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural Institute from February to July 2011. ChiVMV isolates were successfully collected and propagated in susceptible chili peppers line (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13.  Based on percentage of symptom development, and disease severity of ChiVMV isolates can be differentiated into three groups, i.e. strong isolate (CKB), mild isolate (CKW), and weak isolates (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, and PGL). Further characterization of promising ChiVMV weak isolates could use as an agent of cross protection candidates in controlling mottle disease caused by ChiVMV.
Penggunaan Galur Lemah Chili veinal mottle virus untuk Proteksi Silang Asniwita Asniwita; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Gede Suastika; Slamet Susanto; Sriani Sujiprihati
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 5 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.93 KB) | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.9.5.145

Abstract

Inoculation of mild virus strain prior to severe virus strain to protect plant against viral disease is the principle of cross protection. Five mild strains of Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), i.e. -KAR, -SPR, -SKT, -CSR, and -PGL were used as cross protection agent to protect chili pepper plants against severe strain infection of ChiVMV-CKB. The mild strains were inoculated mechanically prior inoculation of severe strain and the efficiency of cross protection was evaluated by observing symptom development and measuring crop yield. Inoculation of mild strains 7 days prior inoculation of severe stain was not able to protect the plant from infection of severe strain ChiVMV-CKB. Protective effect was observed when mild strains were inoculated at 14, 21, and 28 days prior inoculation of severe strain. Symptom development was suppressed or delayed, and crop yield was not significantly different with healthy plants. It was suggested that to obtain the best protection against severe strain, the mild strain should be applied as early as possible before the occurrence of severe strain infection.
It has been known that phytoplasma inducing witches broom disease can infect various kind of leguminous plants in Indonesia, among others soybean. Information on the resistance of various kind of soybean varieties to the phytoplasma is still limited. Experiments were conducted to eveluate the resistance of ten soybean varieties/lines to the phytoplasma. The evaluation was carried out by inoculation method through Orosius argentatus Evans, with two days of acquisition feeding period, ten days lat Asniwita Asniwita; Rusmilah Suseno; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Budi Tjahjono
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

It has been known that phytoplasma inducing witches broom disease can infect various kind of leguminous plants in Indonesia, among others soybean. Information on the resistance of various kind of soybean varieties to the phytoplasma is still limited. Experiments were conducted to eveluate the resistance of ten soybean varieties/lines to the phytoplasma. The evaluation was carried out by inoculation method through Orosius argentatus Evans, with two days of acquisition feeding period, ten days latent period and two days inoculation feeding period. Observation was conducted on the presence of phytoplasma, incubation period, symptom and number & weight of seed. The result indicated that line Malang 3474 was resistant, Sindiro and Sriono were tolerant, while the other tested varieties/lines, i.e. Galunggung, Orba, Ringgit, Wilis, Malang 2999, Malang 2805 and Sicinang were susceptible
EFEKTIVITAS KITOSAN CANGKANG KEONG MAS DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT YANG DISEBAKAN VIRUS PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annuum L) Doris Olviari Hamta; Asniwita Asniwita; Novalina Novalina
Jurnal Media Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2021): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/jagro.v6i2.119

Abstract

Cabai merupakan tanaman perdu dari Famili Solanaceae . Cabaiikaya vitaminiA daniC, niacin,iriboflavin danithiamin, cabai dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu bumbu masak dan obat –obatan. salahisatu kendalairendahnya produksi cabaiidi Indonesia disebabkanioleh serangan virusitanaman, untuk itu perlu dilakuakan pengendalian penyakit, salah satunya menggunakan kitosan yang berasal dari cangkang keong mas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kitosan keong mas dalam mengendalikan penyakitiyang disebabkanioleh virus padaitanamanicabai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi. Penelitian menggunakaniRancanganiAcak Kelompok (RAK), yangiterdiriidari 7 perlakuanidan 4iulangan sehinggaiterdapat 28 satuan percobaan, setiap satuanipercobaan terdiriidari atas 12 Perlakuan adalah : P0 : Kontrol, P1: Benih direndam disuspensi kitosan cangkang keong mas, P2 : Benih direndam disuspensi kitosan industrial, P3 : Bibit cabai disemprot dengan kitosan keong mas, P4 : Benih direndam dan disemprot dengan kitosan keong mas , P5 : Bibit cabai disemprot dengan kitosan industrial, P6 : Benih direndam dan disemprot dengan kitosan industrial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Perlakuan kitosan benih direndam dan disemprot dengan kitosan industrial intensitas penyakit keriting yang ditimbulkan yaitu 26,7 % lebih rendah dari pada kontrol sebesar 46,7 %. Perlakuan benih direndam dan disemprot dengan kitosan keong mas kejadian penyakit keriting yang ditimbulkan yaitu 39,6 % lebih rendah dari pada kontrol sebesar 58,3 %. Aktivitas enzim peroksidase yang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan perlakuan benih direndam disuspensi kitosan keong mas sebesar 1,58631 U/g/min dan yang terendah terdapat pada kontrol sebanyak 0,79649 U/g/min peningkatan aktivitas enzim peroksidase adalah 13,05 – 99,16 %. Serangga vektor yang ditemukan penelitian ini adalah Bemisia tabaci dan Aphis sp.
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA SELEDRI DAN CABAI ORGANIK DI DESA MENDALO DARAT KECAMATAN JAMBI LUAR KOTA Novalina Novalina; Wilyus Wilyus; Neliyati Neliyati; Asniwita Asniwita; Arzita Arzita
LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 5 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Andalas Kampus Limau Manis - Padang, Sumatera Barat Indonesia-25163

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/logista.5.2.321-329.2021

Abstract

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 melibatkan kelompok Ibu PKK warga RT 25, Desa Mendalo Darat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menfasilitasi warga dalam mengatasi kendala pada budidaya tanaman di lahan pekarangan khususnya tanaman seledri dan cabai, terutama dalam hal pembuatan pupuk organik, pembibitan, perawatan tanaman serta pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Sehingga melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan warga tentang budidaya seledri dan cabai organik meningkat dan dapat mengoptimalkan penggunaan lahan pekarangan untuk budidaya seledri dan cabai. Metode Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah melalui kegiatan: 1) Pelatihan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan secara optimal untuk budidaya tanaman seledri dan cabai, 2) Pembuatan pupuk organik padat dan cair, pembuatan pestisida nabati dari beberapa bahan, 3) Implementasi budidaya seledri dan cabai secara organik pada masing-masing lahan pekarangan warga RT 25. Demplot budidaya seledri dilakukan secara vertikultur menggunakan rak besi sebanyak dua unit, untuk lahan pekarangan dua peserta. Sedangkan peserta lainnya penanaman dilakukan tanpa menggunakan rak. Hasil yang dicapai setelah melakukan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah: meningkatnya pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan para peserta mengenai cara pembuatan pupuk organik dan pestisida nabati, pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan untuk budidaya seledri dan cabai organik, serta meningkatnya minat para peserta dalam pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan untuk budidaya seledri dan cabai organik. Kata kunci: optimalisasi, pekarangan, budidaya seledri dan cabai organik, pupuk organik, pestisida nabati ABSTRACT This activity was carried out in 2019 involving the PKK group of RT 25, Mendalo Darat Village. This activity aims to facilitate peoples in overcoming obstacles of plant cultivation in their yards, especially celery and chili plants, mainly in terms of making organic fertilizers, nurseries, plant care and pest and disease control. So that it is hoped that the knowledge, understanding and skills of people about organic celery and chili cultivation will increase and can optimize the use of yard land for celery and chili cultivation. The Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) method is used in problem solving through the following activities: 1) Training on optimal use of yard land for celery and chili cultivation, 2) Making of solid and liquid organic fertilizers, botany pesticides from several materials, 3) Implementation of cultivation celery and chili organically in each yard of RT 25 people. The demonstration plot for celery cultivation was carried out vertically using two iron racks, for two participants' yards. While other participants planting is done without using a rack. The results achieved after carrying out this activity are: increased knowledge, understanding and skills of the participants regarding how to make organic fertilizers and botanic pesticides, the use of yard land for organic celery and chili cultivation, as well as increasing participants' interest in using yard land for celery cultivation and organic chili. Keywords: optimization, yard, organic celery and chili cultivation, organic fertilizer, botanic pesticides
POTENSI Bacillus spp. DARI RIZOSFER TANAMAN KEDELAI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) Poppy Oktania; husda marwan; Asniwita Asniwita
Jurnal Agroecotania : Publikasi Nasional Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Agroecotania: Publikasi Nasional Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian
Publisher : Jambi University, Fakultas Pertanian, Program Studi Agroekoteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (218.233 KB) | DOI: 10.22437/agroecotania.v1i1.5333

Abstract

Bacillus merupakan rizobakteri yang dapat menghambat patogen tanaman dengan mekanisme antagonis berupa antibiosis. Bacillus spp. dapat mengendaliakan penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh Sclerotium rolfsii pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. dari rizosfer tanaman kedelai untuk mengendalikan penyakit rebah kecambah pada tanaman kedelai. Pelaksanaan pengujian bakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in planta. Pengujian secara in planta menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 14 perlakuan terdiri atas 2 perlakuan kontrol (sehat dan sakit), 1 perlakuan menggunakan fungisida, dan 11 perakuan menggunakan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan bakteri Bacillus spp. berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase rebah kecambah. Terdapat beberapa isolat mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah sebelum muncul kepermukaan tanah dan semua bakteri Bacillus spp. mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah setelah muncul kepermukaan tanah pada tanaman kedelai. Kata kunci : rizobakteri, Bacillus spp., penyakit rebah kecambah, Sclerotium rolfsii
Potensi Cangkang Kerang Pensi dan Kulit Udang Sebagai Sumber Kitosan untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Mosaik pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Asniwita - Asniwita; Muhammad Eris Oktavian; Herni Dwinta Pebrianti
Jurnal Media Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/jagro.v9i1.225

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The mosaic disease caused by the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) potentially causes economic losses to chili, so it is necessary to be controlled. One of the ways to control mosaic disease is using chitosan. Chitosan can be obtained from animal shells. The research aims to study the potential of pensi clam shells and shrimp shells as a source of chitosan to control mosaic disease on chili. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replications, each experimental unit consist of 3 plants. Treatments included healthy control (without TMV and without chitosan), diseased control (without chitosan), shrimp shell chitosan, pensi clam shell chitosan, and industrial chitosan. Chitosan can delaythe incubation period,the disease severity is reduced by up to 41.86%. Plant height and fruit weight on chitosan protected plants were significantly different from unprotected plants.The height on 28-day old plants with chitosan and without chitosan treatments was 103.39 cm and 95.98 cm respectively, and fruit weight at the first harvest was 57.10 g and 42.57 g respectively. The chitosan used in this research has the potential to reduce mosaic disease in chili. Chitosan can be combined with other control techniques in an integrated disease management. Key words: chili, chitosan, mosaic, Tobacco mosaic virus
EKSPLORASI CENDAWAN ENDOFIT ISOLAT LOKAL DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH CABAI (Capsicum annuum) Asniwita, Asniwita; Hayati, Islah
Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (56.937 KB) | DOI: 10.22437/jiituj.v1i2.4280

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Cendawan endofit hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman, tanpa menimbulkan gejala penyakit, bersimbiosis mutualisme dengan tanaman inang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan cendawan endofit isolat lokal yang potensial dalam meningkatkan perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan bibit cabai . Untuk pencapaian tujuan tersebut pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah pengumpulan cendawan endofit pada pertanaman cabai, pengujian patogenesitas cendawan cendofit, dan pengujian pada perkecambahaan benih cabai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas mengumpulkan cendawan endofit dari lapangan, menguji perkecambahan benih cabai pada masing-masing isolat cendawan, dan identifikasi makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh 65 isolat cendawan, 43 isolat diantaranya potensi sebagai patogen, 22 isolat diantaranya non patogen dan dapat meningkatkan perkecambahan benih serta pertumbuhan bibit cabai. Cendawan endofit yang diperoleh termasuk genus Fusarium, Gliocladium, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Curvularia, dan hifa steril. Selanjutnya 22 isolat cendawan endofit akan diuji kemampuannya menginduksi ketahanan cabai terhadap infeksi virus, dalam upaya pengendalian virus secara terpadu (PHT) untuk mengatasi permasalahan infeksi virus pada tanaman cabai.
EXPLORATION OF INDIGENOUS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING FUNGI (PGPF) AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AND BIOFERTILIZER Asniwita, Asniwita; Novalina, Novalina; Syarif, M.; Bestari, Andini Vermita; Obura, Bruce Ochieng
Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Volume 8, Nomor 1, June 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.31783

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This groundbreaking study ventures into uncharted territory to explore the vast potential of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) as multifaceted allies in agricultural sustainability. Departing from traditional paradigms, the research sets out to identify and characterize non-pathogenic fungal isolates with the capacity to serve as potent PGPF agents. Employing a pioneering approach, fungal isolates are meticulously collected from the rhizosphere of plants, heralding a new era of ecological exploration at the microorganism level. Rigorous testing for pathogenicity on soybean seeds unveils a rich reservoir of fungi diversity, with 18 isolates demonstrating remarkable efficacy in enhancing germination rates and promoting vigorous seedling growth. These findings not only underscore the pivotal role of PGPF in bolstering plant health and resilience but also herald a paradigm shift in sustainable agriculture. With the potential to serve as biopesticides for plant protection and biofertilizers for enhancing growth, these PGPF isolates offer a promising avenue for reducing reliance on synthetic inputs and mitigating environmental impacts. Moreover, their integration into integrated disease management strategies holds the promise of synergistic efficacy, paving the way for holistic approaches to agricultural sustainability. This research not only expands the frontiers of knowledge surrounding PGPF but also lays the groundwork for transformative innovations in agroecological practices, ushering in a greener, more resilient future for global agriculture.