Abstract: One of the natural resources in Riau Province is oil palm. Based on Article 74 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, it is emphasized that companies carrying out business activities in the field of natural resources and/or fields related to natural resources are obliged to carry out social and environmental responsibilities. This research aims to explain the social and environmental responsibilities of palm oil plantation and factory companies in Riau Province. The method used in this research is socio-legal research. The results of this research explain that the social and environmental responsibility of plantation companies and palm oil mills in Riau Province is not yet optimal because from the observations made, researchers see that there is social inequality between the welfare of company workers and the community as well as environmental damage, especially around the company area. Legal sanctions for plantation companies and palm oil mills in Riau Province that don’t carry out social and environmental responsibilities are administrative sanctions from the Riau Provincial Government which are regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Environmental Management.Keywords: Social Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility, Sanction.