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ANALISIS KIMIA BATANG AREN (ARENGA PINNATA MERR) YANG BERASAL DARI CIANJUR DAN ANALISIS PENDAHULUAN KAYU AREN YANG BERASAL DARI SUMATERA BARAT Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 5 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This article describes about Chemical analysis of aren stem (Arenga pinnata Mcrr) from Cianjur and preliminary analysis aren wood from West Sumatera. The analysis comprised of the determination of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash content, silica content, and the solubility in cold water, hot water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and alcohol-benzene extractives. The analysis were conducted to determine the chemical component of aren stem from Jasinga, Bogor and chemical component of coconut wood.The average of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hydroxide of peripheral portion for aren stem from Cianjur were consecutively as follow: 67,79 %, 22,17 %, 19,43 %, 4,07 %, 0,94 %, 0,67 %, 5,62 % (in hot water), 5, 14 % (in cold water), 2,69 % (in alcohol-benzene), 24, 79 % in sodium hydroxide 1 %. While for the central portion, the above analysis showed averages as follow : 48,07 %, 22,95 %, 19,3 %, 16,98 %, 4,41 %, 3,92 %, 17,51 % (in hot water), 12,81 % (in cold water), 7,83 % (in akohol benzene), 31,12 % in sodium hydroxide 1 %.The average of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hidroxide. of aren wood (peripheral portion) for 63,93 %, 27,08 %, 11,17 %, 5,12 %, 1,50 %, 0,99 %, 1,02 % (in cold water), 2,99 % (in hot water) 4,50 % (in alcohol-benzene), 28,69 % in sodium hydroxide. While for the ruyung enau, the above analysis showed averages as follow : 68,83 %, 22,93 %, 14,0 %, 5,78 %, 1,25 %, 0,92 %, 0,22 % (in cold water), 3,01 % (in hot water), 3,98 % (in alcohol- benzene), 35,57 % in sodium hydroxide.Based on chemical analysis and the comparison to the coconut wood gave a low pentosan and ash content from coconut wood. On the contrary had a high tannin, extractives and silica content to coconut wood.

PEMBUATAN ARANG DAN BRIKET ARANG DARI KA YU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii Ness ex. BL) DAN KAYU .SUKUN Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 6 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The aim of this experiment is to find the properties of cassiavera and, breadfruit charcoal and charcoal briquette.The kiln used was the typical size of 200 liter oil drum with specie L design incorporating 12 holes of 13 mm in diameter at different elevations. The kiln also had a short chimney of 30 cm high at the top with 10 cm in diameter. The result showed that charcoal yield were 24.74 % for cassiavera and 23.01 % for breadfruit. Volatile matter was 18.61 %, fixed carbon was 78.31 % and calorific value was 7035.03 cal/g for cassiavera charcoal and volatile matter was 14.27 %, fixed carbon was 73.10 % and calorific value was 6320.12 cal/g for breadfruit charcoalThe moisture content of charcoal briquette ranges from 8.41 to 5. 92 % ash content from 4. 65 to 5. 03 % , volatile matter from 28.87 to 29.48 %, fixed carbon from 65.87 to 66.10 %, density from O.11 to 0.64 g/cm3, compressing strength from 275 to 450 kg/cm2 and the calorific value from 5684. 59 to 6792.58 cal/g.Based on the physical and chemical properties, cassia-vera and breadfruit charcoal briquette can be used as sources of energy.

PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DAN ARANG KOMPOS DARI SERASAH DAN KULIT KAYU TUSAM Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 3 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

this investigation deals with manufacturing of compost and charcoal compost. The raw materials in this manufacture were foliage litters and bark of tusam (Pinus mcrkusii Jungh et de Vries) trees growing in West Java. Particular bio-activators, called as Orgadec and EM;. were used to stimulate the decomposition of those materials. This investigation lasts for about three months. The results revealed that the quality of several of the resulting charcoal composts comply with the related standards, with respect to among others : P = 1.12 - 1.24 percent; K = 1.47-1. 62 percent; Mg= 0.67-1.05 percent; moisture content 55.81-56.21 percent: pH 6.8-7.2; and C/N ratio 18,89-20./0. When compared to other compost, the charcoal compost revealed better qualities, since charcoal was added to it lo improve the properties of soil, i.e. increasing the pH and storing more water.

PENGOLAHAN NILAM HASIL TUMPANG SARI DI TASIKMALAYA Gusmailina Gusmailina; Zulnely Zulnely; E Suwardi Sumadiwangsa
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 23, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Peran hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) dalam menunjang kegiatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan perlu dikembangkan. Pengelolaan hutan perlu diarahkan tidak hanya sebagai penghasil kayu tetapi juga sebagai penghasil HHBK yang dapat membuka lapangan perkerjaan dan penghasilan bagi masyarakat lokal dengan tetap memperhatikan faktor ekologis. Salah satu program untuk memcapai partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan yang lestari adalah meningkatkan peran HHBK yang mampu meningkatkan kegiatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal sekitar hutan. Salah satu komoditi HHBK yang perlu dikembangkan adalah pengusahaan nilam secara tumpang sari terutama pada lahan kawasan hutan, sehingga dapat mendukung optimalisasi penggunaan lahan.Data, informasi serta contoh uji (daun dan minyak nilam) dikumpulkan dari kampung Pager Ageung, Desa Pager Sari, Kota Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat yang ditanam secara tumpang sari dengan tanaman pertanian dan perkebunan pada kebun campuran. Basil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas nilam yang ditanam secara tumpang sari di Tasikmalaya sebesar 4 kg/rumpun/panen dengan hasil DNB (daun nilam basah) sekitar 75-100 ton/ha atau sama dengan 15-20 ton DNK (daun nilam kering) per hektar sekali panen, lalu dijual ke pedagang dengan harga Rp 500/kg basah, dan Rp 2.500/kg kering, dengan nilai jual sekitar Rp 37,5-50 juta/ha. Usaha ini dikelola oleh Kelompok Tani Mitra Usaha Jaya, proses penyulingan dengan cara uap panas.Kualitas dan rendemen minyak yang ditanam secara tumpang sari tidak kalah bagus dengan kualitas minyak yang ditanam secara monokultur. Kadar Patchouli berkisar antara 26-39,5% bahkan yang disuling di laboratorium berkisar antara 41-49,7% dengan rendemen berkisar antara 2,4-5%. Masyarakat sekitar kota Tasikmalaya semakin berminat untuk memperluas areal penanaman nilam terutam sejak adanya pabrik penyulingan di Pager Ageung, demikian juga pihak kehutanan dan PT Perhutani. Oleh sebab itu pengusahaan nilam secara tumpang sari di lahan kawasan hutan perlu dijadikan bahan pertimbangan kebijakan bagi pengelola dan pengusahaan hutan tanaman.

KOMPONEN KIMIA ORGANIK LIMA JENIS ASAP CAIR Nur Adi Saputra; Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 39, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2021.39.1.39-54

Beberapa tanaman seperti kakao (Theobroma cacao), alpukat (Persea americana), puspa (Schima wallichii), sengon (Falcataria mollucana) dan tarik angin (Usnea sp.) banyak ditanam di masyarakat untuk kebutuhan buah-buahan atau kayu. Secara periodik, masyarakat memanen jenis-jenis tersebut untuk dimanfaatkan kayunya atau peremajaan tanaman. Pada umumnya, sortimen kayu digunakan untuk konstruksi sederhana, atau dibakar. Selain teknik pembakaran konvensional untuk menghasilkan arang, ada produk lain yang dapat dihasilkan yaitu asap cair menggunakan teknik pembakaran dengan menambahkan kondensor untuk menghasilkan asap cair. Asap cair memiliki kandungan kimia organik dengan beragam manfaat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan kimia organik jenis asap cair dari jenis kayu kakao, kayu alpukat, kayu puspa, kayu sengon dan kayu tarik angin. Kelima jenis material studi dikarbonisasi menggunakan reaktor pirolisis pada suhu 400°C. Asap cair didapat dengan cara kondensasi uap karbonisasi kelima jenis tersebut. Analisis kandungan kimia organik asap cair menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (Gas Chromatography Mass Spektophotometry, GCMS) Pirolisys Type QP2010 dan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Analisis GCMS menunjukkan bahwa asap cair kayu kakao memiliki konsentrasi kelompok asam tertinggi, yaitu 45,53%, sementara konsentrasi asam asetatnya adalah 31,81%. Kehadiran kelompok fenol tertinggi terdapat pada asap cair kayu alpukat sebanyak 56,86%, di mana konsentrasi senyawa fenol mencapai 41,92%. Kelompok asam dan fenol merupakan jenis senyawa yang terkandung pada asap cair dan memiliki manfaat yang luas.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR KAYU TREMA, NANI, MERBAU, MATOA, DAN KAYU MALAS Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina; Lisna Efiyanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 36, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Kayu merupakan biomassa potensial dengan berbagai manfaat, salah satunya adalah sebagai bahan baku asap cair. Penelitian mengenai asap cair yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis kayu perlu dilakukan secara intensif untuk mendapatkan informasi kandungan dan manfaat komponen asap cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan potensi manfaat asap cair lima jenis kayu, yaitu kayu trema, nani, merbau, matoa, dan malas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan proses pirolisis pada suhu 500°C selama 5 jam, dan asap cair yang dihasilkan ditampung dalam wadah untuk dianalisis karakteristiknya. Karakteristik asap cair yang dipelajari meliputi pH, berat jenis, kadar asam asetat, kadar fenol, dan kandungan komponen kimia lainnya, menggunakan py-GCMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH asap cair kelima jenis kayu berkisar antara 2,68 –4,34, berat jenis 0,83–1,04, kadar asetat 0,65– 13,09% dan kadar fenol 0,19–2,50%. Sementara itu, hasil analisis py-GCMS menunjukkan keragaman komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam asap cair masing-masing jenis kayu dengan komponen utama sebagai penciri asap cair pada kelima jenis kayu adalah senyawa asam asetat (acetic acid, ethylic acid), fenol (phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy (CAS) 2,6-dimethoxyphenol), dan asam karbamat. Komponen kimia asap cair diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam berbagai variasi produk yang lebih luas sesuai cara pandang, tujuan, dan target produk yang ingin dicapai.

PERANAN BEBERAPA JENIS TANAMAN HUTAN KOTA DALAM PENGURANGAN DAMPAK EMISI LOGAM BERAT DI UDARA Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 2 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.2.76-83

The increase of motorized vehicles in the city has caused environment problems, especially the air pollution as the emission of gasses containing heavy metals such as Pb endangers. Therefore the selected of tree city forest based on environmental benefit management must be necessary to criteria development forest city programme.This article presents some result of absorption and adsorption of Pb heavy metals by several plants. The results showed the Cinnamonunum sp more effective to adsorp the Pb heavy metals in the air, furthere more Agatliis lorantifolia, Paraserianthes falcataria, and Swietenia macrophylla. Whereas Agathis lorantifolia more effectiveto absorp the Pb heavy metals in the air, furthere more Swietenia macrophylla, Paraserianthes falcataria, and Cinnamornmum sp.Keywords : Environment, Pb heavy metal, Absorption, Adsorption, Urban forest.

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN SUKUN DITINJAU DARI KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN ASPEK LAINNYA Gusmailina Gusmailina; Sri Komarayati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 3 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.3.77-83

Breadfruit (Artocarpus artilis Forsberg) is a multipurpose tree species which is suitable to be extensified. The report deals with. chemical analysis of breadfruit wood. The results indicated that cellulose contenl 53.58 %; lignin cotuet 28.09%; pentosan content 14.00%; solubitity in cold water 3.13 % ; in hot waler 4. 14 %; alcohol-benzena 3. 40% and in NaOH 1 % 20. 03 % , moisture content 10.14 %; ash comesu 3. 60%; silica content 3. 10% and calorific value 4368.82 kcal/gr. Baseak on the components, breadfruit wood can be utilized as sources of raw material for pulp and paper or rayon. Besides it is also an alternative for food source and source of income for rural people.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ARANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum) Gusmailina Gusmailina; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 3 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The experiment has been conducted on utilizing different types of charcoal as growth-stimulating agents by adding each of them to the growing media (i.e. soil stuff) of red pepper plant; and subsequently evaluating their effects on its growth characteristics/ responses. There were three types of agents used and added to the media, i.e. rice-husk charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and sawdust-mixed charcoal. respectively. For comparative purposes, were also measured the growth responses of the red pepper plant whereby its growing media were added with compost as well as the Bokasi rice-husk charcoal compost, besides the ones in the medium without the addition of any growth agents (as control). This experiment revealed some remarkable results. as follows:• Additions of 5 % bamboo charcoal or l 0 % rice-husk charcoal could increase the height growth of the red pepper plant, in comparison with the one grown on the control medium:• Additions of 10 % rice-husk charcoal could increase the stem diameter of the plant by 11 % compared to the one on the control medium;• Likewise, additions of 5 % and 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal could each increase the stem diameter by consecutively l1 % and 10 %, in comparison with the control;• Additions of 10 % bamboo charcoal brought about the best effect with respect to the increase in the number as well as the weight in red-pepper fruits in their first harvest (i.e. 3-month age), compared to the control:• Additions of 10 % rice- husk charcoal, 5 % bamboo charcoal, and 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal each brought about also the best effect with respect to the increase in the dry weight of the plant, i.e.consecutively 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times as such as that of the control;• Average amount of C02 absorbed by the red- pepper plants for 3 months was 0.10-0.88 gram per plant. The highest C02 absorption was achieved by the corresponding plants with addition of 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal (i.e. 1.88 gram C02 per plant), followed in decreasing order by the ones added with 10% rice-husk charcoal and 10 % bamboo charcoal (i.e. 1.67 gram C02per plant and 1.34 gram C02 per plant, respectively).

PEMBUATAN GAS BIO DARI BEBERAPA MACAM LIMBAH BIOMASSA PADAT DENGAN CARA "BATCH CULTURE" Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

A laboratory experiment on biogas generation using solid waste in a batch culture under Thermophillic condition was conducted at the Forest Products Research and Development Centre, Bogor.The solid waste used in the experiment were rice straw, water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Mart. Solms) and rubber wood (Hevea braziliensis) sawdust.Fermentation condition for biogas production was kept constant under temperature of 53°C for 8 days. Inoculumn used for fermentation was residue from the experiment of organic municipal solid waste fermentation.The raw material used in this experiment consisted of mixture of 73 gram rice straw and 27 gram water, 70 gram rice straw and 30 gram water hyacinth, 38 gram rubber wood sawdust and 62 gram water, 36,25 gram rubber wood sawdust and 63,75 water hyacinth. To each mixture was added 900 gram of starter with dry matter content 28%. Each substrate sample was then placed in a 1,5 littre digester.The result of the experiment indicates that the highest production of biogas and methane were produced from rice straw substrate (0,43 littre of biogas and 0,21 littre of methane per gram of straw respectively), and the efficiency of biogas produced was 75%.The total calorific value of biogas produced was lower than that obtained from direct burning of rice straw. Although the calorific value of biogas is relatively low, its burning quality is better compared with direct burning. Besides that, the residue from fermentation process could be utilized as organic fertilizer and mushroom media.

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