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PENGGUNAAN ISTISHAB DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERBEDAAN ULAMA Husnul Haq
Alhurriyah Vol 2, No 1 (2017): Januari - Juni 2017
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (561.434 KB) | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v2i1.244

Abstract

Islam is a comprehensive religion. The comprehension of Islam does not lie in the completeness of the content of the Qur'an and Hadith, because in fact the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith are limited in number, while the human problems are growing. So, the role of ijtihad as a means of reform of Islamic law is vital. One of the methods of ijtihad is istishab. This study aims to describe the nature of istishab, clerical opinion about the value of its strength as a source of law, as well as the influence of ulama's opinion about the value of his resistance to differences of opinion in Islamic law. The approach used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. By using this method of research, this study concludes that the majority of scholars of the Maliki, Shafii, and Hambali sect assert that istishab is a hujjah to defend something that already exists (daf'i) and establish something that does not exist yet (itsbat). The late ulamas of the Hanafi sect assert that istishab is a hujjah in defense of something that already exists, while the majority of the Hanafi scholars and some scholars of the Shafi'i sect state that istishab is not a hujjah at all. The difference of the ulama's view of the use of istishab in ijtihad has led to differences in their views on Islamic law, as in the case of the law of the disappeared’s inheritance. Islam merupakan agama yang komprehensif. Komprehensifitas Agama Islam tidak terletak pada kelengkapan kandungan al-Qur’an dan Hadis, sebab faktanya ayat al-Qur’an dan hadis jumlahnya terbatas, sedangkan permasalahan manusia semakin kompleks. Karenanya, peran ijtihad sebagai sarana pembaharuan hukum Islam sangatlah vital. Salah satu metode ijtihad adalah istishab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hakikat istishab, pendapat ulama tentang nilai kehujjahannya, serta pengaruh perbedaan pendapat ulama tentang nilai kehujjahannya terhadap perbedaan pendapat dalam hukum Islam. Pendekatan yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mayoritas ulama dari mazhab Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hambali menyatakan bahwa istishab merupakan hujjah untuk mempertahankan sesuatu yang sudah ada (daf’i) dan menetapkan sesuatu yang belum ada (itsbat), sedangkan ulama Muta’akhirin dari mazhab Hanafi menegaskan bahwa istishab merupakan hujjah dalam mempertahankan sesuatu yang sudah ada saja, sementara mayoritas ulama mazhab Hanafi dan sebagian ulama mazhab Syafi’i menyatakan bahwa istishab bukan merupakan hujjah sama sekali. Perbedaan pandangan ulama tentang penggunaan istishab dalam ijtihad ini ternyata menyebabkan perbedaan pandangan mereka dalam hukum Islam, seperti dalam kasus hukum waris orang hilang.
PENGGUNAAN ISTISHAB DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERBEDAAN ULAMA Husnul Haq
Alhurriyah Vol 2, No 1 (2017): Januari - Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (561.578 KB) | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v2i1.244

Abstract

Islam is a comprehensive religion. The comprehension of Islam does not lie in the completeness of the content of the Qur'an and Hadith, because in fact the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith are limited in number, while the human problems are growing. So, the role of ijtihad as a means of reform of Islamic law is vital. One of the methods of ijtihad is istishab. This study aims to describe the nature of istishab, clerical opinion about the value of its strength as a source of law, as well as the influence of ulama's opinion about the value of his resistance to differences of opinion in Islamic law. The approach used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. By using this method of research, this study concludes that the majority of scholars of the Maliki, Shafii, and Hambali sect assert that istishab is a hujjah to defend something that already exists (daf'i) and establish something that does not exist yet (itsbat). The late ulamas of the Hanafi sect assert that istishab is a hujjah in defense of something that already exists, while the majority of the Hanafi scholars and some scholars of the Shafi'i sect state that istishab is not a hujjah at all. The difference of the ulama's view of the use of istishab in ijtihad has led to differences in their views on Islamic law, as in the case of the law of the disappeared’s inheritance. Islam merupakan agama yang komprehensif. Komprehensifitas Agama Islam tidak terletak pada kelengkapan kandungan al-Qur’an dan Hadis, sebab faktanya ayat al-Qur’an dan hadis jumlahnya terbatas, sedangkan permasalahan manusia semakin kompleks. Karenanya, peran ijtihad sebagai sarana pembaharuan hukum Islam sangatlah vital. Salah satu metode ijtihad adalah istishab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hakikat istishab, pendapat ulama tentang nilai kehujjahannya, serta pengaruh perbedaan pendapat ulama tentang nilai kehujjahannya terhadap perbedaan pendapat dalam hukum Islam. Pendekatan yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mayoritas ulama dari mazhab Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hambali menyatakan bahwa istishab merupakan hujjah untuk mempertahankan sesuatu yang sudah ada (daf’i) dan menetapkan sesuatu yang belum ada (itsbat), sedangkan ulama Muta’akhirin dari mazhab Hanafi menegaskan bahwa istishab merupakan hujjah dalam mempertahankan sesuatu yang sudah ada saja, sementara mayoritas ulama mazhab Hanafi dan sebagian ulama mazhab Syafi’i menyatakan bahwa istishab bukan merupakan hujjah sama sekali. Perbedaan pandangan ulama tentang penggunaan istishab dalam ijtihad ini ternyata menyebabkan perbedaan pandangan mereka dalam hukum Islam, seperti dalam kasus hukum waris orang hilang.
مقاصد الشريعة وأهميتها في االجتهاد Husnul Haq
MAHAKIM Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 1 No 2 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.196 KB) | DOI: 10.30762/mahakim.v1i2.76

Abstract

Ijtihād is an important way to discover the law over new issues. The need for ijtihād in the present becomes even more important as the problem develops with the development of science and technology. Scholars (ulama) are urgently needed to discover the law over these new problems by using the correct method of ijtihād, by using texts without putting aside the reality of life and the intentions (maqāshid) behind those texts. This research aims to describe the urgency of maqāshid sharia in ijtihād. The study begins by explaining the meaning of ijtihād as well as maqashid sharia, and finally discovering the use of maqāshid sharia on the contemporary fatwas. The approach used in this research is descriptive-qualitative approach, because this study is intended to reveal and describe the meaning of ijtihād as well as maqāshid sharia, and the use of maqāshid sharia on those fatwas. By using research methods outlined above, it can be concluded that the maqāshid sharia have an important role in ijtihād. Therefore, the contemporary scholars relay on the maqashid sharia in their fatwas; in worship, transactions, family jurisprudence, modern medicine and others.