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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Prosiding Semnastek ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Energi & Kelistrikan Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Komputasi (ELKOM) International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Automotive Experiences CITIZEN: Jurnal Ilmiah Mulitidisiplin Indonesia Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline (JATM) International Journal of Engineering Continuity Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering (IJECBE)
Iwa Garniwa
Department Of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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Economic and Financial Analysis of Cofiring the Coal Fired Steam Power Plant Capacity 660 MW with Biomass Widya Faisal Wahyudi; Iwa Garniwa M.K.
Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): May 2021
Publisher : Electrical Engineering Dept, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajeeet.v1i1.11

Abstract

Research on Cofiring of the Existing Coal Fired Power Plant with biomass in the form of sawdust with a mixture percentage of 5% was carried out with the main objective of pursuing the acceleration of the renewable energy mix target of 23% (Green Booster) by 2025, with minimal CAPEX costs if compared to building new hydro or solar PV plants. At the initial stage of the activity, testing and analysis of the effect of cofiring will be carried out on several main parameters of the Existing PLTU's performance, as well as its reliability. In addition, it is also at the same time to get an overview and evaluate if the cofiring plan will be implemented through technical operational evaluations, the cost of production from the aspect of fuel costs (component C) and exhaust emissions to the environment. From the results of monitoring the operating load at around 635 MW (gross) using 5% cofiring, it can be seen that critical points such as main steam temperature, main steam pressure, gas economizer outlet temperature, mill outlet temperature do not show a significant increase, meaning they are still within the operating limits, reasonable and safe. From the calculation of the cost of fuel, the coal price is IDR 594 per kg, and sawdust price of IDR 472 per kg (on site) using the SFC difference of 0.0077 kg/kwh, and the CF assumption of 80%, then with an average annual electricity production of 4,415,040,000 kwh/year, fuel savings of around IDR 35.32 billion per year will be obtained. Exhaust gas emissions to the environment for SO2 and NOx still meet the environmental quality standard requirements according to the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.15 of 2019.
Engineering and economic analysis of sawdust biomass processing as a co-firing fuel in coal-fired power plant boiler pulverized coal type Efendi, Juwani; Garniwa, Iwa
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan Vol 5 No 3 (2022): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jptk.v5i3.27723

Abstract

One type of alternative fuel that has the potential to be developed and can contribute significantly to the NRE mix is biomass. The significance of the energy mix is obtained from the use of the co-firing system at the Coal-Fired Power Plant (CFPP) by mixing coal fuel with biomass such as sawdust. Sawdust biomass as cofiring material for CFPP is very efficient because it has energy content and availability that is easy to manage. The aim of this research is to make technical and economic analysis of sawdust biomass as solid fuel for pulverized coal CFPP Co-firing type boiler. The research stages are mapping the potential of sawdust biomass to determine the availability of potential biomass around the location of the co-firing, analyze the technical side and specifications contained in sawdust biomass raw materials to determine the suitability or feasibility of pulverized coal type CFPP specifications, and analyze the economic feasibility of developing sawdust biomass processing technology to determine the cost of production of sawdust biomass so that later it will not have a technical and financial impact. The results of the economic analysis show that the sawdust biomass production business is feasible with NPV parameters > IDR 5,252,097,371, IRR=11.1% and payback period=7.7 years. Provided that if the PLTU Rembang buys biomass at a price of Rp. 862,730/Ton. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the steps to optimize the adjustment of the ability to purchase biomass from CFPP Rembang where the reference limit for the highest reference price for biomass is IDR 782,006. Efforts that can be made to adjust the ability to purchase biomass from the CFPP Rembang include increasing the yield by 20% or reducing the price of wood by 20%.
Analysis of ICONNET fiber optic network improvement in cluster rayon panam at strategic business unit central sumatra PT PLN ICON PLUS Aulia, Hilmi Zaky; Garniwa, Iwa
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jptk.v6i2.33723

Abstract

Optical fiber is a telecommunications transmission medium that has a large bandwidth and bit rate so that it can meet the needs of today's data services with great reliability and efficiency. Optical fiber applications continue to be broad and have included seabed networks, terrestrial networks, metropolitan and regional scope networks, and small-scale networks. Optical fiber communication systems have 2 factors that affect the quality of network performance, namely internal aspects and external aspects. These internal and external aspects can degrade the performance quality of the optical fiber used and can cause attenuation and other transmission losses. As an effort to prevent sudden and significant deterioration in the quality of a network, it is necessary to try regular maintenance activities such as scheduled fiber optic cable network service quality measurements. These maintenance activities can help ensure network capacity increase decisions. One of the quality of service parameters that is often measured is transmission attenuation and received signal energy (received power). This research examines increasing the bandwidth capacity of PT PLN ICON PLUS in the Central Sumatra region during a network anomaly, namely a slow internet connection in the Rayon Panam Cluster. The sample taken from one of the customers shows the results of measuring the internet speed of 4-5 Mbps only, while the service taken is 10 Mbps. The results of checking on the up-link side to OLT Rayon Panam found that the data output was close to its capacity, which was 940,919,000 bits/sec or 0.9 Gb/sec. Increasing bandwidth capacity is done by moving the OLT port on the up-link side from the gigabit ethernet port to the tengigabit ethernet port, then replacing the SR type SFP with SFP ER and adding fiber optic attenuators so that the speed test results on the customer side have returned to their original appearance., 10 Mbps.
Analisis Fleksibilitas Sistem Tenaga Listrik Jawa, Madura, dan Bali karena Integrasi yang Masif dari Pembangkit VRE SAPUTRA, DWI CAHYA AGUNG; GARNIWA, IWA
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.640

Abstract

ABSTRAKIntegrasi Variable Renewable Energy (VRE), dengan karakteristik intermittent dan ketidakpastian yang tinggi, yang masif ke sistem JAMALI berpotensi mengganggu keandalan dan meningkatkan kompleksitas operasional sistem tenaga listrik. Kendala-kendala tersebut dapat dimitigasi apabila sistem memiliki fleksibilitas yang memadai. Analisis fleksibilitas, dengan bantuan IRENA FlexTool, dilakukan untuk mengkaji fleksibilitas sistem akibat meningkatnya bauran VRE di sistem JAMALI yang dilakukan secara bertahap, yaitu 5% di tahun 2030, 37% di tahun 2040, dan 52% di tahun 2050. Dari hasil analisis, semakin besar bauran VRE dalam sistem JAMALI, kemampuan fleksibilitas sistem semakin menurun. Hal ini ditandai dengan kapabilitas upward ramping yang cenderung turun dari 28,78 GW/jam di tahun 2030 menjadi 25,87 GW/jam di tahun 2050. Serta, terjadinya pembatasan VRE sebesar 706,62 MW dan kehilangan beban hingga 109,79 TWh di tahun 2050.Kata kunci: fleksibilitas, jamali, kehilangan beban, pembatasan, sistem tenaga listrik, variable renewable energy ABSTRACTThe integration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) into the JAMALI power system, characterized by intermittency and high uncertainty, has the potential to disrupt reliability and increase the operational complexity of the power system. These challenges can be mitigated if the power systems possess adequate flexibility. A flexibility analysis, with the assistance of the IRENA FlexTool, was carried out to to assess the system flexibility due to the increasing share of VRE in the JAMALI power system, phased as follows 5% in 2030, 37% in 2040, and 52% in 2050. Based on the analysis results, it is observed that the greater the share of VRE in the JAMALI power system the lower the power system’s flexibility. This is evidenced by an upward ramping capability which tends to decrease from 28.78 GW/hour in 2030 to 25.87 GW/hour in 2050. Also, there is a VRE curtailment of 706.62 MW and a loss of load of up to 109.79 TWh in 2050.Keywords: curtailment, flexibility, jamali, loss of load, power system, variable renewable energy
Transmission Outage Cost Analysis Using Value of Loss Load Approach Based on Macro Economic Data Suwargono, Son; Garniwa, Iwa
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v2i2.48

Abstract

The West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) electricity system, which consists of the Lombok System and the Sumbawa-Bima System, has an important role in supporting the country's economy, especially in the tourism segment. Quantitatively, there has been no measurement of the impact of electricity disruption on the macro economy. Value of Loss Load (VoLL) is a useful quantity parameter in the economic evaluation of electric power systems. It can be represented as the value of losses borne by customers in case of electricity service interruptions. For policy makers and electricity management, the size of the VoLL would affect decisions regarding investment. A low VoLL requires for a low reliability level and a high VoLL for a high reliability level. This research will calculate Transmission outage costs using the Value of Loss Load approach based on macro economic data and predicting VoLL 2024 - 2030. The outcome of the research shows that The Lombok System VoLL is lower than Bima – Sumbawa System. Outage costs due to disruptions on the Transmission System side affect GDP by 0.001% / year. The trend of VoLL 2024 – 2030 is estimated to decrease by an average of 2.29% / year which is indicate it is is inline with Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik 2021 - 2030.
Techno-Economic Optimization Study of Renewable Energy Planning in Buru Island Electricity System Z Day, Faizatul Hasanah; Samual, Muhammad Gillfran; Garniwa, Iwa; Sudiarto, Budi
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v2i4.73

Abstract

One of the strategies to achieve Indonesia's NDC target in 2030 is through the development of renewable energy power plants, and the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The use of diesel power plants, especially with the case on Buru Island as the only electricity supply, contributes to the production of emissions, and increases the Cost of Energy (CoE) of the utility system. On the other hand, Buru Island is rich in renewable energy potential, such as geothermal, hydropower, bioenergy, and solar energy. This study aims to design an optimal power generation system on Buru Island by considering the renewable energy mix, financial feasibility, reduction in the CoE of local electricity system, reduction in CO2 emissions, and the potential load growth of the local industry, i.e. fisheries industry sector. This study utilizes HOMER software to obtain a power generation scenario that can supply the load with the most optimal renewable energy penetration, the lowest Levelized CoE (LCOE), and the lowest CO2 emissions. Seven electrical systems on Buru Island were implemented to form 4 systems, namely an integrated system of 4 previously distributed systems, and 3 other distributed systems. The result of this research gives out the most optimum configuration of hybrid or complete renewable energy-based power plant configuration for each system. The configurations can reduce the CoE up to 20.17 cUSD/kWh, and up to zero CO2 emission.
ROSES are Read, STEEP are Green: Mapping Sustainability Indicators Across Lifecycle Stages in EV Battery Production Through a Systematic Review Arumbinang, Nimas Ayu; Garniwa, Iwa; Koestoer, Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro; Aritenang, Wendy
Automotive Experiences Vol 7 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.11648

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) market presents a paradox: while increasing production and lowering costs are essential for widespread adoption, these efforts also intensify the environmental and social impacts, particularly in lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery production. Comprehensive sustainability assessments are needed across all stages of battery production. This review employed the ROSES framework to analyze 40 Scopus-indexed research papers systematically. Extracted indicators are categorized by the STEEP (Sociocultural, Technological, Economic, Environmental, and Political-Legal) dimensions. The dual approach identifies critical sustainability gaps and examines the interplay between these dimensions. By mapping each indicator to a specific lifecycle stage—ranging from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal—the review highlights critical stages for improving sustainability in EV battery production. The study uncovers complex relationships between sustainability factors and establishes a comprehensive framework to address these challenges. As a result, it provides policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers with a solid foundation for developing informed strategies to enhance the sustainability of EV battery production.
Optimizing Potential Supply Chain of Biomass Agricultural Waste for Co-firing of Coal Power Plant Using MCDA, GIS, and Linear Programming in the Java and Sumatra Islands, Indonesia Ahmudi, Ali; Hudaya, Chairul; Garniwa, Iwa; Amraini, Said Zul; Sugiyono, Agus; Semedi, Jarot Mulyo; Sidqi, M. Ahsin; Daulay, Andini Dwi Khairunnisa; Yumnaristya, Syefiara Hania
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v3i1.249

Abstract

The development of renewable energy is a key priority for the Indonesian government and many other nations. Utilizing biomass as a co-firing fuel in coal-fired power plants (PLTUs) offers a viable pathway to meet renewable energy targets in the electricity sector. Co-firing technology involves substituting coal with biomass at specific ratios while maintaining the operational quality and efficiency of the power plants. Indonesia plans to implement a co-firing program in 114 PLTUs, with a combined capacity of 18.1 GW, requiring approximately 9 million tons of biomass annually. This study aims to develop a biomass supply chain model for co-firing, focusing on transportation cost optimization. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), and Linear Programming are employed to map biomass potential from agricultural waste, identify optimal storage and factory locations, calculate the shortest distances to PLTUs, and design an efficient supply chain. Key biomass sources considered include agricultural waste from rice, corn, cassava, palm oil, coconut, sugarcane, and rubber. The study concentrates on co-firing in the Java and Sumatra regions, which house 14 and 12 PLTUs, respectively. Assuming a 5% biomass mix, the total annual bio-pellet demand is estimated at 3.34 million tons. By contrast, the annual production capacity of bio-pellets is calculated to be 143.58 million tons, indicating a surplus supply. Optimization results confirm that the available biomass supply can adequately meet the co-firing requirements for PLTUs in Java and Sumatra. The study also identifies optimal locations for storage facilities and bio-pellet factories near PLTU sites, enhancing supply chain efficiency. By integrating data on biomass potential, storage, factory, and PLTU locations, this research facilitates the design of an effective and efficient biomass supply chain, contributing to the broader goal of renewable energy development.
Optimasi Pemeliharaan Jaringan Distribusi dengan Metode Identifikasi Kondisi Jaringan, Keypoint dan Prioritas Penyulang pada PT PLN (Persero) Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur Unit Layanan Pelanggan Kefamenanu Krishananto, Thomas Puri; Garniwa, Iwa
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i3.58166

Abstract

Pada sistem distribusi tenaga listrik, tingkat keandalan merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting agar mutu, kontinuitas dan ketersediaan pelayanan daya listrik terhadap pelanggan dapat dilakukan secara kontinyu dalam satu tahun. Seperti halnya pada Unit Layanan Pelanggan Kefamenanu terdapat permasalahan bahwa pada 25 penyulang memiliki total gangguan sebanyak 636 gangguan selama setahun dengan jenis pelanggan yang bervariasi dari prioritas rendah, sedang maupun tinggi. Sedangkan, berdasarkan indikator FGTM (Frekuensi Gangguan Tegangan Menengah) ditemukan bahwa terdapat 38 jenis masalah utama yang mempengaruhi keandalan jaringan distribusi. Dari jumlah tersebut, 30 masalah diidentifikasi dapat diatasi melalui solusi preventif, sementara 8 masalah lainnya memerlukan solusi korektif. Dari permasalahan tersebut diperlukan suatu pemeliharaan pada jaringan distribusi daya dengan meningkatkan efektivitas pemeliharaan preventif sehingga berpengaruh terhadap keandalan jaringan distribusi secara signifikan yaitu dengan menerapkan metode multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) menggunakan metode pearson correlation untuk seleksi fitur, metode Best-Worst Method (BWM), dalam BWM terdapat proses pembobotan kriteria menggunakan metode Mixed Linear Integer Programming (MILP) dan metode TOPSIS untuk perankingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pemeliharaan preventif guna meningkatkan keandalan jaringan distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model optimalisasi jaringan distribusi daya dengan seleksi fitur menggunakan metode pearson correlation mendapatkan nilai evaluasi RMSE 2.614, MAE 2.167 dan R2 Score 0.975 serta berhasil mendapatkan perankingan mode kegagalan. Sedangkan, hasil prioritas ranking pertama terdapat pada REC MANUFUI dengan skor TOPSIS 0.896115. Hasil perankingan metode TOPSIS ini dapat digunakan pihak terkait dalam melakukan penjadwalan pemeliharaan jaringan distribusi daya.
Optimizing Generation Costs in Electricity Supply Business Plan for Electricity Companies in Indonesia: A Reliability-Based Approach for the Sumatra Power System Sikumbang, Supriyanto; Garniwa, Iwa
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v3i2.111

Abstract

Ensuring a stable and sustainable electricity supply requires effective planning that balances cost efficiency and system reliability. This study explores the optimization of Basic Generation Cost (BPP) in PT PLN (Persero)'s Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2025-2034 while considering the reliability of the Sumatra power system. Using Digsilent PowerFactory, simulations incorporating Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch methodologies were conducted to achieve cost reductions without compromising system stability. The significant result of this theses is optimization with economic dispatch reduces BPP up to 41,4% compared to conventional methods, enhancing power system cost efficiency. Increasing voltage reliability from 0.99 p.u. in 2025 to 1.01 p.u. in 2034. Higher renewable energy integration in 2034 reduces fuel costs but increases challenges in maintaining frequency and voltage stability. Strategic recommendations include increasing transmission capacity, implementing energy storage systems, and optimizing unit commitment to balance cost and reliability. This research offers valuable insights for power system planning, addressing energy transition challenges and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources in Sumatra. Keywords: Basic Generation Cost, System Reliability, Economic Dispatch, Digsilent PowerFactory
Co-Authors Abdul Multi Abdul Multi Agus Sugiyono Ahmudi, Ali Andi Amar Thahara Aritenang, Wendy Arumbinang, Nimas Ayu Aulia, Hilmi Zaky Azhar, Fakhrudin Budi Sudiarto CHRISTIONO CHRISTIONO Citra Candranurani Daulay, Andini Dwi Khairunnisa Efendi, Juwani Femy Sanana Sanvia Fikri, Miftahul Frederick Sakaja Ginting Hanafi Anis Alamri Harahap, Saskia Saraswati Hudaya, Chairul Jufri, Fauzan Hanif Krishananto, Thomas Puri Monika, Ratih Muhammad Pinandhito Adi Dharma Nainggolan, J M Novi Indriani Oh, Seongmun Purba, Kevin Pangestu Putra, Kharisma Darmawan Putranugraha, Derry Raharjo, A Raldi Hendro Koestoer, Raldi Hendro Samual, Muhammad Gillfran SAPUTRA, DWI CAHYA AGUNG Semedi, Jarot Mulyo Sidqi, M. Ahsin Sikumbang, Supriyanto Suwargono, Son Uno Sudibyo Widya Astriyani Widya Faisal Wahyudi Widyantara, Dwitiya Bagus Yumnaristya, Syefiara Hania Z Day, Faizatul Hasanah