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The effect of passion fruit hulls level (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis Deg) as Kacang goat feed component: I. Intake digestibility and nitrogen retention Simanihuruk, Kiston; Wiryawan, Komang G; Ginting, Simon P
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

To study the effect of utilization of passion fruit hulls (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis Deg) as feed component on consumption, digestion and nitrogen retention in kacang goats, a trial was conducted using 20 young kacang goats (average initial body weight 23.73Â±2.16 kg). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design consisting of 4 diets and 5 replications. Animal were randomly allocated into 4 diets (0, 15, 30, 45% of passion fruit hulls). Each diet contains 2550 Kcal/kg metabolism energy and 14% crude protein. The feeding level was set at 3.8% of body weight based on dry matter. The results of the experiment showed that average dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention were not affected by level of passion fruit hulls (P>0.05), although nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention tended to decrease with the increasing level of passion fruit hulls. It was concluded that passion fruit hulls can be used till 45% level in the diet. Key Words: Passion Fruit, Consumption, Digestibility, Nitrogen Retention, Kacang Goat

Nutritional quality of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Brachiaria humidicola for goats Ginting, Simon P; Tarigan, Andi
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The study was aimed to evaluate several nutritional quality parameters (chemical composition, intake and digestibility) in goats of S. secundatum and B. humidicola known to be highly and moderately shade tolerant species. The species of Pennisetum purpureuphoides was used as a control diet. These forages were offered to 21 male Kacang goats with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were divided into three groups based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated to one of the three forages species in a Completely Randomized Design. During the adaptation period (14 days) and the intake monitoring period (5 days) after the adaptation period the forages were offered ad lib. During the feces and urine collection period (7 days) feed was offered at 90% of the maximumÂ intake to minimize the intake fluctuation. The dry matter content of S. secundatum (332 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (321 g kg-1DM) were relatively higher than P. purpureuphoides (211 g kg-1DM), while the organic matter content were relatively equal among the three forages species. The crude protein content of S. secundatum (83 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (85 g kg-1DM) was almost identical, but were lower than that of P. purpureuphoides (111 83 g kg-1 DM) The NDF and ADF contents were relatively similar among the forage species. The dry matter (DM) intake of goats fed S. secundatum (588 g d-1) or fed B. humidicola (577 g d-1) did not differ (P>0.05), but it was higher (P>0.05) than dry matterÂ intake of goats fed P. purpreuuphoides. The similar trend was shown when DM intake was expressed in the percentage of body weight (3.60%, 3.55% and 2.77% BW, respectively) or when expressed as gram per kg BW0.75 which were 35.5, 35.6 and 27.7 g/kg BW0.75 respectively. The digestion coefficient of DM and OM were not different (P>0.05) between S.secundatum and B. humidicola, but it was higher than that in P. purpureuphoides. The digestion coefficient of energy were not different among these forages. The N balances were positive (3,0â3,6 g d-1) in goats offered these forages. It is concluded that the nutritional qualities of S. secundatum and B. humidicola were comparable, and it is relatively higher that the P. purpureuphoides when offered to goats as the sole feed. Key Words: Nutritional Quality, Grass Species, Goats

The Utilization of Indigofera sp as the sole foliage in goat diets supplemented with high carbohydrate or high protein concentrates Ginting, Simon P; Krisnan, Rantan; Sirait, Juniar; ., Antonius
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Indigofera sp is a tree leguminous forage species known to be adaptable to the drought climate and saline soil and so it has potential as alternative feed resource to support the ruminant animal production. This study aimed to study the Â responses of goats fed Indigofera sp as the sole foliages in their diets. Twenty male Boer x Kacang crossbred goatsÂ (6 months of age;16 Â± 2,1 kg BW) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing fresh or wilted leaves of Indigifera sp. as the sole foliages and supplemented with high carbohydrate (HCC) or protein (HPC)concentrates. Consumable parts i.e. leaves and twigs of about 8 to 10 months of age of Indigofera sp. were harvested by hand plucking every day in the morning. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial design arranged in a completely randomized design. The ruminal pH ranged from 6.14-6.85 and were Â not affected (P > 0.05) by wilting nor by the type of concentrates. Wilting did not affect (P > 0.05) the concentration of Â ruminal NH3-N, butÂ it was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HPC group (32.36-32.54 mg dL-1) than those in HCC group(17.94-23.57 mg dL-1). Total VFA concentration were not affected by wiltingÂ nor by the type of concentratesÂ (P > 0.05). Goats in the HCC group,however,numerically have higher total VFA concentration (178.5-183.75 mmol L-1) than those in the HPC group (142.21-174.64 mmol L-1). The apparent digestibility coeficients Â of DM, OM, CP and energy of the diet were not different (P > 0.05) when contained wilted or fresh Indigofera foliage.Â Significant increases (P < 0.05)Â Â in the DM and Â OM, but not in the CP and energy Â apparent digestibility coeficients were observed in the HPC goats. Dry matter intakes were not different (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments, but the ADG of goats in the HCC group (60-63 g d-1) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than thoseÂ of goats in the HPC treatment (80-87 g d-1). Blood glucosa concentration was not affected by wilting nor by type of concentrates (P > 0.05). Â BUN was not affected by wilting process, but providing high protein concentrates significantly (P < 0.05) increased the BUN concentration. It is concluded that foliage of Indigofera sp could be used as the sole forage in intensive production of goats. Wilting the foliage prior to feeding seemed to be unnecessary, since this process does not improve the animal productivity in term of daily gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Key Words: Indigofera sp, Supplements,Â Ruminal Fermentation, Goats

ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of growing goats fed ensiled Indigofera arrecta in complete diets Ginting, Simon P; Tarigan, A; Krisnan, R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The study aimed to investigate the effects of offering different levels of ensiledÂ or fresh Indigofera arrecta in completete diets on the feed consumption, ADG, ruminal fermentation characteristics and blood metabolites concentrations in growing goats. The I. arrecta/concentrate ratios of the complete diets were set at 85/100,75/100 and 65/100. Thirty weaned-male goats were used in the study, and were randomly allocated to one of the six treatments (5 heads per treatment). The diets were offered at 4% BW and the animals were weighed weekly. The study was arrangedÂ as a completed randomized design. Feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiecy ratio, ruminal fermentation (pH, NH3 and VFA characteristics and blod metabolites (glucose and urea) were analysed. Feed intake of goats receiving ensiled Indigofera arrecta were lower (P < 0.01) compared to those receiving fresh I. arrecta. ADG were higher (P > 0.01) when goats were fed diets with lower level inclusion of Indigofera arrecta. Efficiency of feed utilization decreased (P < 0.01) when ensiled Indigofera arrecta was used in the diets, but it was not affected (P > 0.01) by the inclusion level of I. arrecta in the diets. Ruminal pH was not affected by ensiling process, but ruminal NH3 concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in goats receiving fresh Indigofera arrecta. Ruminal VFA levels were also greater (P < 0.05) in the group offered fresh Indigofera arrecta, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05) when diets consisted of 65% Indigofera arrecta in the complete diets. IncreasedÂ rate of Indigofera arrecta inclusion in the diets resulted in lower (P < 0.01) counts of ruminal microbial population. The concentration of plasma urea nitrogen were neither affected by the ensiling process nor by the levels of I. arrecta inclusion in the diet (P > 0.05), however, the plasma glucose level decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of I. arrecta inclusion in diets increased. It is concluded that I. arrecta could be used as the sole fresh or ensiled foliage in complete diets, although the performances of goats were better whenÂ fresh I. arrecta was offered. The level of I. arrecta inclusion in complete diets was recommended at not greater than 65%. Key Words: I. arrecta, Silage, Complete Feed, Goat

Effects of supplement and anthelmintic treatments on parasite establishment and performance of lambs artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus Ginting, Simon P
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P< 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P>0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P<0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P<0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P>0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P>0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P<0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Â Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

Responses of two genotypes of lambs on the infection of Haemonchus contortus and the level of energy supplements Ginting, Simon P; Batubara, Aron; Romjali, Endang; Rangkuti, M; ., Subandriyo
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A study was conducted to evaluate the responses of lambs on the infection of Haemonchus contortus and the level of energy supplements. Forty eight male lambs, 3-4 months old were used in a factorial experimental design (2x2x2) which lasted for 9 weeks. The factors were breed (Local Sumatra and Sungai Putih: 50% Local Sumatra, 25% St. Croix; 25% Barbados Blackbelly), level of Haemonchus infection (3,000 L3 and 1,500 L3 per week) and level of energy supplement (2,900 kcal/kg DM and 2,300 kcal/kg DM). Infection at 3,000 L3 decreased (P<0.05) ADG of lambs of both energy levels. An extremely low ADG (10-16 g) was observed in 3000 L3 group given low energy level. Body condition of lambs fed high energy level was constant over the experiment, but it decreased at the rate of 0.9 to 1.1 unit at the low energy supplement. EPG was higher (P>0.001) in the 3000 L3 group, was lower (P<0.05) in the Local Sumatra, but not affected (P>0.10) by energy level. PCV was not affected (P>0.10) by infection levels, but lower (P<0.01) in the low energy group or in the St Croix crosses. Eosinophil and serum protein concentration were not affected by energy and infection level, but they were higher (P<0.01) in the local Sumatra. It was concluded that strong effects of level of infection and genotype was detected to influence the impact of Haemonchus infection in lambs. However, the effect of energy levels was less consistent as judged from the EPG, PCV, eosinophil and serum protein data. Â Key words : Energy level, genotype, infection level, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

Continuous urea-molasses supplementation for Sumatra thin tail ewes grazing in rubber plantation : Reproductive performances. Ginting, Simon P; Batubara, L.P; Sanchez, M.D; Pond, K.R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v4i3.155

The reproductive responses of local Sumatra ewes on the continuous urea-molasses supplementation was studied in 116 ewes for 21 months. The animals were divided into two groups and randomly allocated to urea-molasses supplement and grazing in rubber plantation or grazing in rubber plantation only (control). Both groups were allowed to graze for 8 hours a day. The urea-molasses mixture contained 3% urea (kg/kg) and were fed to the supplemented ewes ad libitum. The number of lambs born from supplemented ewes were greater than control (166 vs 114 heads). This was associated with the higher (P<0.05) litter size and the shorter lambing interval of supplemented ewes compared to those of unsupplemented ewes (1.34 vs 1.24, and 216 vs 232 d, respectively). Birth weight were not different (P>0.10) between the treatments (1.79 vs 1.61 kg), but weaning weight of lambs born to the supplemented ewes were greater (P<0.05) than the unsupplemented ewes (8.90 vs 7.55 kg). The eweâs weight after parturition and the weight of lambs weaned per year were also greater (P<0.05) in the supplemented group compared to the control (22.7 vs 20.6 kg and 20.2 vs 15.1 kg, respectively). It was concluded that urea-molasses mixture was a good feed supplement for ewes grazing in rubber plantation. The urea-molasses supplementation clearly had positive effects on ewe and lamb productivity. Â Key words : Urea, molasses, ewes, reproductive performances

Effects of supplement and anthelmintic treatments on parasite establishment and performance of lambs artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus Simon P Ginting
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P< 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P>0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P<0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P<0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P>0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P>0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P<0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

Nutritional quality of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Brachiaria humidicola for goats Simon P Ginting; Andi Tarigan
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The study was aimed to evaluate several nutritional quality parameters (chemical composition, intake and digestibility) in goats of S. secundatum and B. humidicola known to be highly and moderately shade tolerant species. The species of Pennisetum purpureuphoides was used as a control diet. These forages were offered to 21 male Kacang goats with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were divided into three groups based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated to one of the three forages species in a Completely Randomized Design. During the adaptation period (14 days) and the intake monitoring period (5 days) after the adaptation period the forages were offered ad lib. During the feces and urine collection period (7 days) feed was offered at 90% of the maximum intake to minimize the intake fluctuation. The dry matter content of S. secundatum (332 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (321 g kg-1DM) were relatively higher than P. purpureuphoides (211 g kg-1DM), while the organic matter content were relatively equal among the three forages species. The crude protein content of S. secundatum (83 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (85 g kg-1DM) was almost identical, but were lower than that of P. purpureuphoides (111 83 g kg-1 DM) The NDF and ADF contents were relatively similar among the forage species. The dry matter (DM) intake of goats fed S. secundatum (588 g d-1) or fed B. humidicola (577 g d-1) did not differ (P>0.05), but it was higher (P>0.05) than dry matter intake of goats fed P. purpreuuphoides. The similar trend was shown when DM intake was expressed in the percentage of body weight (3.60%, 3.55% and 2.77% BW, respectively) or when expressed as gram per kg BW0.75 which were 35.5, 35.6 and 27.7 g/kg BW0.75 respectively. The digestion coefficient of DM and OM were not different (P>0.05) between S.secundatum and B. humidicola, but it was higher than that in P. purpureuphoides. The digestion coefficient of energy were not different among these forages. The N balances were positive (3,0–3,6 g d-1) in goats offered these forages. It is concluded that the nutritional qualities of S. secundatum and B. humidicola were comparable, and it is relatively higher that the P. purpureuphoides when offered to goats as the sole feed. Key Words: Nutritional Quality, Grass Species, Goats

The Utilization of Indigofera sp as the sole foliage in goat diets supplemented with high carbohydrate or high protein concentrates Simon P Ginting; Rantan Krisnan; Juniar Sirait; Antonius .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 15, No 4 (2010): DECEMBER 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Indigofera sp is a tree leguminous forage species known to be adaptable to the drought climate and saline soil and so it has potential as alternative feed resource to support the ruminant animal production. This study aimed to study the responses of goats fed Indigofera sp as the sole foliages in their diets. Twenty male Boer x Kacang crossbred goats (6 months of age;16 ± 2,1 kg BW) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing fresh or wilted leaves of Indigifera sp. as the sole foliages and supplemented with high carbohydrate (HCC) or protein (HPC)concentrates. Consumable parts i.e. leaves and twigs of about 8 to 10 months of age of Indigofera sp. were harvested by hand plucking every day in the morning. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial design arranged in a completely randomized design. The ruminal pH ranged from 6.14-6.85 and were not affected (P > 0.05) by wilting nor by the type of concentrates. Wilting did not affect (P > 0.05) the concentration of ruminal NH3-N, but it was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HPC group (32.36-32.54 mg dL-1) than those in HCC group(17.94-23.57 mg dL-1). Total VFA concentration were not affected by wilting nor by the type of concentrates (P > 0.05). Goats in the HCC group,however,numerically have higher total VFA concentration (178.5-183.75 mmol L-1) than those in the HPC group (142.21-174.64 mmol L-1). The apparent digestibility coeficients of DM, OM, CP and energy of the diet were not different (P > 0.05) when contained wilted or fresh Indigofera foliage. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in the DM and OM, but not in the CP and energy apparent digestibility coeficients were observed in the HPC goats. Dry matter intakes were not different (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments, but the ADG of goats in the HCC group (60-63 g d-1) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of goats in the HPC treatment (80-87 g d-1). Blood glucosa concentration was not affected by wilting nor by type of concentrates (P > 0.05). BUN was not affected by wilting process, but providing high protein concentrates significantly (P < 0.05) increased the BUN concentration. It is concluded that foliage of Indigofera sp could be used as the sole forage in intensive production of goats. Wilting the foliage prior to feeding seemed to be unnecessary, since this process does not improve the animal productivity in term of daily gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Key Words: Indigofera sp, Supplements, Ruminal Fermentation, Goats

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