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Journal : structures infrastructure planning implementation and legislation

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Considering Variations in Column Cross-Section Orientation and Reinforcement Ratio Muhammad Syarif; Iqbal Faruq
Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.529

Abstract

The seismic resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in high-risk earthquake regions is strongly influenced by the configuration of vertical structural elements. This study examines the combined effects of column cross-sectional orientation and longitudinal reinforcement ratios on the seismic performance of a 10-story RC building. Twelve structural models were developed using SAP2000 v24 and analyzed through nonlinear static pushover analysis. The models represented variations in column orientation (strong-axis and weak-axis) and reinforcement ratios ranging from 1% to 8%, based on the seismic characteristics of Padang, West Sumatra. Structural responses were evaluated using base shear capacity, displacement ductility, and interstory drift ratios, with validation conducted using the PEER Structural Performance Database. The findings indicate that column orientation has a greater impact on lateral stiffness and drift control than reinforcement quantity. Columns aligned along the strong axis with moderate reinforcement ratios between 2.5% and 3.5% demonstrated the best balance between strength and ductility, meeting the “Life Safety” performance requirements of SNI 1726:2019. In contrast, weak-axis columns with reinforcement ratios exceeding 4% showed limited improvement in stiffness and a higher tendency toward brittle shear failure. These results suggest that optimizing geometric configuration is more effective and economical than simply increasing reinforcement volume for improving seismic safety. The study concludes that strategic column axis alignment is a practical mitigation approach for earthquake-prone areas, while future studies should consider bi-directional dynamic loading for enhanced performance-based design evaluation.
Performance Evaluation of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Nickel Slag as Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement Muhammad Syarif; James Thoengsal; Randy Setiawan; Shadiqa Pratama Zulfariadi
Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.531

Abstract

The escalating demand for high-performance construction materials has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates, particularly in the production of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). This study evaluates the integration of nickel slag from Morowali, Central Sulawesi, as a partial replacement for fine aggregates to address the environmental degradation caused by river sand mining. Utilizing a quantitative experimental design, 48 cylindrical specimens were tested across various substitution levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) with a consistent water-to-binder ratio of 0.28 and a target characteristic strength of 60 MPa. Rheological parameters were assessed through slump-flow and L-box blocking ratio ( ) tests, while mechanical performance was measured via compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results indicate that a 40% substitution threshold represents the optimum balance, yielding a superior characteristic strength of 69.73 MPa a 16.6% enhancement over the control. Rheologically, nickel slag improved fluidity up to 710 mm, although replacements exceeding 40% triggered dynamic instability and segregation, evidenced by an   ratio decline to 0.78. These findings imply that nickel slag is a technically viable reinforcing filler for strategic infrastructure, provided that substitution levels are strictly calibrated. The study concludes that while nickel slag significantly densifies the concrete matrix, industrial adoption requires further standardization of long-term durability metrics. Future research should prioritize the evaluation of creep and chloride resistance in marine environments to ensure structural longevity.