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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Enzymatic Interesterification of Crude Palm Oil with Methyl acetate: Effect of Pre-treatment, Enzyme’s Dosage and Stability Muhammad Zarin Amin Zainal; Harumi Veny; Fazlena Hamzah; Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi; Andri Cahyo Kumoro; Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas; Haniif Prasetiawan; Dhoni Hartanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 2 Year 2023 (August 2023)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17763

Abstract

In the present study, biodiesel was produced via the enzymatic interesterification of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and methyl acetate within ultrasonic condition. In contrast to alcohol, methyl acetate as an acyl acceptor does not inhibit lipase activity and can create triacetin as a useful byproduct.  In this work, Immobilized lipase from Candida Antartica A (CaLA) was utilized as biocatalyst and the effect of using non-pretreated CPO and pre-treated CPO as feedstock were explored. The pre-treatment of CPO involves degumming with acid, washing with water, and bleaching. The enzymatic interesterification was conducted in three-neck flasks using an ultrasonic water bath at 45o C.  Few parameter effects on biodiesel production were also investigated, including the effect of molar ratio of CPO to methyl acetate, the effect amount of lipase, and the reusability of immobilized lipase (CaLA) in the interesterification reaction.  The highest average Biodiesel yield of 80.6% was obtained from pretreated CPO at a molar ratio of 1:9 with 100 mg (1% w/v) of Immobilized CaLA, after three hours of reaction. Further research on the reusability of immobilized CaLA revealed that the yield of biodiesel reduced significantly after the second run. The results of the present study also demonstrated that Immobilized CaLA performed well at low concentrations but had low stability, with productivity decreasing to 92% upon reuse after the initial run. In order to make Immobilized lipase economically viable, further research must be conducted to overcome its low stability in the reaction.
Enzymatic Transesterification Using Different Immobilized Lipases and its Biodiesel Effect on Gas Emission Mohamad Nor, Nur Fatin Syafiqah; Veny, Harumi; Hamzah, Fazlena; Muhd Rodhi, Miradatul Najwa; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Prasetiawan, Haniif; Hartanto, Dhoni; Sulaiman, Sarina; Sazali, Rozana Azrina
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20143

Abstract

Biodiesel, a third-generation bio-fuels, offering several advantages over regular diesel fuel. Waste cooking oil (WCO) emerges as an ideal feedstock due to its availability and easy accessibility. In this work, biodiesel is utilized from two different types of immobilized lipases: Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RMIM) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The impact of the molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate (1:3-1:12) was evaluated for both lipases, and the resultant biodiesel was tested in diesel engine. The enzymatic transesterification was carried out in ultrasonic assistance and the results showed that the greatest yield of 81.20% at 45℃, using CALB as a biocatalyst, 1.8% (w/v) lipase and oil to methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:12 within 3 hours. Triacetin, by-product was determined their concentration for each molar ratio and analyzed using FTIR range of 500cm-1 to 4000cm-1, revealing a significant absorption peak at 1238.90cm-1. Biodiesel was blended with commercial diesel fuel in varying quantities of 7, 10, and 20% by volume (B20). The results were compared to Industrial Diesel Fuel 7% (B7) and Commercial Diesel Fuel 10% (B10). NOx and CO2 emission drops as the percentage of diesel/biodiesel blends increases, supporting WCO as a cost-effective biodiesel feedstock with low petrol pollution.
Co-Authors Agung Ari Wibowo Agung Ari Wibowo Agung Ari Wibowo Agung Ari Wibowo Akhmad Sutrisno Andri Cahyo Kumoro Anugrahani, Viona Widya Asalil Mustain Asalil Mustain Asalil Mustain Asalil Mustain Asriningtyas Ajeng Erprihana, Asriningtyas Ajeng Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bayu Tri Wibowo Bayu Triwibowo Catur Rini Widyastuti, Catur Rini Chafidz, Achmad Cucuk Evi Lusiani Cucuk Evi Lusiani Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji Diyah Saras Wati Eny Nurhayati Erprihana, Asriningtyas Ajeng Fazlena Hamzah Fazlena Hamzah Fidyawati, F Hadikawuryan, Danang Subarkah Hamzah, Fazlena Haniif Prasetiawan Harumi Veny Harumi Veny Ibnu Eka Rahayu Irene Nindita Pradnya Khalimatus Sa'diyah Khalimatus Sa'diyah Khoiroh, Ianatul Khoiroh, Ianatul Kuntoro Kuntoro Kusuma, Andre Dianata Hogi Loveyanto, Rendy Okta Maftukhaturrizqiyah, Maftukhaturrizqiyah Maksiola, Masni Megawati - Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Mezaki, Naufal Mudrik Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Mohamad Nor, Nur Fatin Syafiqah Mufid Mufid Mufid Mufid Muhammad Fikri Al Ghifari Muhammad Zarin Amin Zainal Muhd Rodhi, Miradatul Najwa Mutaqin, Afrizal Mai Nugroho, Febry Dwi Nur Qudus Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Oktafiani, Oktafiani Pradnya, Irene Nindita Prima Astuti Handayani Purwana, Yulian Candra Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Rahayu, Ibnu Eka Rakhmawati, Fatih Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas Ria Wulansarie, Ria Riza Mazidu Sholihin Rizqy Romadhona Ginting Rizqy Romadhona Ginting Rizqy Romadhona Ginting Santi Wijayanti, Dwi Gansar Sarina Sulaiman Satya Budi Nugraha Sazali, Rozana Azrina Siti Nurrohmah Sutrisno, Akhmad Suwito, Slamet Syamrizal, Zakky Syifa Karimah Takwanto, Anang Veny, Harumi Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur Sidiq, Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur Waliyuddin Sammadikun Wara Dyah Pita Rengga Wibowo, Bayu Tri Widi Astuti Wijayanti, Reni Titis Wulansari, Durroti Zuhriah Zakaria, Zainul Akmar