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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Konversi Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement Journal of Bioprocess Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Journal of Community Engagement Research for Sustainability Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU MULTIPLE: Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary Komunita: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Sunarno Sunarno
Universitas Riau
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Modifikasi Kitosan dari Limbah Udang menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik Nurfatihayati Nurfatihayati; Ahmad Fadli; Sunarno Sunarno; Allailus Syah Safara; Aulia Permatasari
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 4 No 1 (2023): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, UNRI

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Abstract

Chitin contained in shrimp shells can be used as raw material for making chitosan which is then reprocessed into nanoparticle-sized chitosan which has many benefits. This study aims to synthesize nanoparticle chitosan using the ionic gelation method and determine the effect of variations in the concentration of formic acid, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), chitosan, and the volume ratio of chitosan: TPP on particle characteristics, which include particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and functional groups of particles. The first step for making nanoparticle chitosan is to make a chitosan solution using a magnetic stirrer. After that, the TPP solution at a certain volume ratio between chitosan: TPP was added to the chitosan solution. Stirring is carried out for 1 hour with a stirring speed of 1200 rpm. Furthermore, the nanoparticle chitosan was characterized by using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), zeta potential analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The synthesis of nanoparticle chitosan using the ionic gelation method has been successfully carried out, obtaining a particle size of 464.4 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.214, a zeta potential of +0.48, and a cross-link of chitosan-TPP particles is formed.
The Socialisation of Gender Equality and LGBT Dangers to Build the Character of Elementary School Students with Integrity: Sosialisasi Kesetaraan Gender Dan Bahaya LGBT, Untuk Membentuk Karakter Siswa/I Sekolah Dasar Yang Terintegritas Ronaldo Rahmadhano Siahaan; Muhammad Raihan; Khoirunnisa; Agustina Ningsih; Sunarno
MULTIPLE: Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Educational, Research, and Community Service

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Abstract

With the rise of LGBT cases in Indonesia at the moment, especially in Riau Province, specifically in the city of Pekanbaru, which has recently become a very dangerous case and there must be action, prevention and education must also be provided from an early age. The target of this case is no longer adults but has spread to children, therefore it is not only the role of the city government but parents also play an important role in supervising children. One of the cases of Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) was caught around a hotel in Sukajadi District some time ago. Through the UNRI KKN program, it is hoped that it can help parents and teachers in the process of educating students about the dangers of LGBT to students at SDN 116 Pekanbaru. This can be done by holding outreach regarding gender equality and also the dangers of LGBT to students so that they avoid LGBT cases and these cases will no longer become widespread.
Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch and Coal into Liquid Oil Sunarno Sunarno; Ronna Puspita Sari; Tifanny Frimacia; Silvia Reni Yenti; Panca Setia Utama; Edy Saputra
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42193

Abstract

The decline in fossil fuel sources has prompted research into finding renewable fuels. One of environmentally friendly energy sources with high efficiency is by producing liquid oil from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) and coal. Pre-treatment of empty fruit bunches using NaOH and various concentrations of H2O2, various ratios of EFB/coal, the ratio of CaO catalyst, chemical and physical characteristics were studied to produce the better liquid oil yield. The H2O2 concentrations are 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The ratios of EFB/coal (R) are 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. The ratios of catalyst CaO/raw material are 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. It ran at 400 °C with 100 mL/min nitrogen gas flowing during one hour. The results showed that adding sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the EFB pre-treatment increased the liquid oil yield. With an increase in the EFB/coal ratio, the liquid oil yield increased. Co-pyrolysis treated EFB and Coal with a ratio of 75:25 produced 32% liquid oil yield, but the liquid oil yield decreased to 19% with the addition of 9% CaO catalyst. However, the addition of CaO catalyst reduces the acidity and increases the calorific value of the liquid oil.
Edukasi Pembuatan Detergen Cair sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu PKK di Perumahan Graha Rawa Bangun Kelurahan Tuah Karya Kecamatan Tuah Madani Kota Pekanbaru Nurfatihayati; Cory Dian Al’farisi; Anisa Mutamima; Panca Setia Utama; Ahmad Fadli; Yelmida Azis; Sunarno; Suhendri; Alltop Amri Ya Habib; Ariya Eka Alel; Ririn Puji Hastuti; Yogi Yolanda; Ferdy Ashari Syawal
KOMUNITA: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : PELITA NUSA TENGGARA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60004/komunita.v5i1.499

Abstract

This community service activity aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of PKK women in producing liquid detergent as an effort to promote community empowerment and household self-reliance. The activity was conducted in Graha Rawa Bangun Housing Area, Tuah Karya Village, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City. The implementation methods included educational sessions, hands-on training on liquid detergent production, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The training materials covered the introduction of raw materials, the function of each component, production procedures, and safety aspects related to the use of household chemicals. The evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge. The average level of participants’ knowledge increased from 16% in the pre-test to 85% in the post-test, with an overall improvement of 69%. Improvements were observed in both the understanding of primary cleaning agents and auxiliary ingredients in liquid detergent formulations. These findings demonstrate that an educational approach integrating simple scientific explanations with practical training is effective in enhancing participants’ capacity. The outputs of this activity include improved knowledge and skills of PKK women in producing safe and applicable liquid detergent, which has the potential to support household independence and community empowerment.
Optimizing Palm Oil Biodiesel Purity for a Cleaner Environment: Urea Complexation and RSM Approach Zohera Zohera; Zuchra Helwani; Sunarno Sunarno
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v3i2.311

Abstract

The performance and stability of biodiesel are strongly influenced by its fatty acid composition, particularly the balance between saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). This study employed the urea inclusion compound (UIC) method to fractionate biodiesel and optimize conditions for obtaining a high-yield, high-quality saturated fraction (UCF). A central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of urea-to-methanol ratio, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time on UCF and NUCF yields and iodine values. Experiments were conducted using a range of crystallization temperatures (18–22 °C), times (3–5 h), and urea-to-methanol ratios (1:1.5–1:2.5). The response variables were analyzed and optimized using desirability functions. The results showed that all three factors significantly influenced both the yield and iodine value of the fractions. The optimal condition, urea-to-methanol ratio of 1:1.73, temperature of 19.99 °C, and time of 5 h, yielded 81.59% UCF with an iodine value of 36.65 g I2/100 g, falling within the desired range for high-performance saturated biodiesel. In contrast, the NUCF fraction was minimized to 1.76% and enriched in PUFA. These findings demonstrate the potential of UIC-based fractionation for producing biodiesel with improved oxidative stability and combustion properties, aligning with international quality standards and contributing to more sustainable fuel formulations.
Experimental and DFT investigation of LiFePO₄/graphene composites prepared via shear exfoliation route Amun Amri; Mawaddah Mawaddah; Alfatlian Alfatlian; Sunarno Sunarno; Fri Murdiya; Mazhibayev Assylzhan; Khairulazhar Jumbri; Mohammednoor Altarawneh; Chun-Chen Yang; Sulistyo Saputro; M Mahbubur Rahman
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61976

Abstract

The performance of LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathodes was successfully enhanced by incorporating two types of graphene obtained through green and low-cost liquid shear exfoliation processes. Commercial LFP was combined with few-layer graphene (FLG) and very few-layer graphene (VFLG), with compositions ranging from 0-4 wt.%. LFP, LFP/FLG, and LFP/VFLG, were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge–discharge (CD), XRD, FTIR, and FESEM–EDX. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to probe the electronic structure of LFP and an idealized LFP(001)/pristine-graphene interface as a baseline model for interfacial electronic coupling. DFT indicated interfacial charge redistribution and the emergence of C-2p π-derived states near the Fermi level, resulting in bandgap narrowing relative to pristine LFP and suggesting an additional electronic percolation pathway at the interface. Experimentally, EIS showed that VFLG reduced charge-transfer resistance and increased effective electrochemical conductivity, while FLG addition was associated with improved interfacial charge-transfer behavior inferred from EIS. CD tests at 0.5 C showed that the 4 wt.% FLG and 4 wt.% VFLG electrodes delivered the highest specific capacities of 29.98 mAh/g and 44.66 mAh/g, corresponding to increases of 81.9% and 170.5% compared to bare LFP. XRD and FTIR confirmed that LFP phase integrity was maintained, and FESEM–EDX revealed a uniform particle distribution with well-dispersed graphene networks. Overall, these results demonstrated that shear-exfoliated graphene effectively improved electronic connectivity and charge-transfer behavior in LFP cathodes, supported by consistent electrochemical measurements and electronic-structure insights from DFT.
Kinetika Reaksi Upgrading Bio-oil Melalui Proses Esterifikasi dengan Katalis Biochar Tersulfonasi Febriantoni Febriantoni; Sunarno; Panca Setia Utama
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.1-12

Abstract

Development and research related to the utilization of biomass is currently motivated by the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Bio-oil from palm fronds, which is expected to be a renewable energy, can be produced through pyrolysis. However, bio-oil cannot be used directly as fuel because it contains many mixed compounds. Therefore, upgrading with esterification process using variable temperature and sulfonated biochar catalyst is a solution offered in improving the quality of bio-oil. This research studied the kinetics of esterification reaction using sulfonated biochar catalyst and temperature variations (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C), 4% catalyst concentration, 5:1 molar ratio of methanol: bio-oil to obtain the effect of catalyst use on the temperature used and obtain the reaction rate equation from the use of catalyst based on the validated reaction order. The results concluded that the sulfonated biochar catalyst characterized by SEM test and FTIR test, showed the success of -SOɜH bond and showed the expected changes in surface morphology. The esterification reaction kinetics for bio-oil upgrading with sulfonated biochar catalyst is a pseudo second-order reaction with a value of R² = 0.9483 (valid at a reaction time of 0-60 minutes, if more than that time does not describe the initial kinetic phase) with the reaction rate equation "r" _"A" "=-" 〖"dC" 〗_["AA" ] /"dt" "=" ["16.568.270 " "exp" ⁡("-58.475,7" /"RT" ) 〖"C" _"AA" 〗^"2" ] . Upgraded bio-oil after esterification process has a density of 1.039 g/mL (previously 1.2160 g/mL), viscosity of 4.0331 cP (previously 7.5247 cP), heating value of 15.499 MJ/kg (previously 71.38 J/g) and pH of 7 (previously 3).
Produksi Bio-oil dari Co-pyrolysis Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Batu Bara Nadya Cahaya Putri; Suci Rahmadini; Nurfatihayati Nurfatihayati; Sunarno Sunarno; Panca Setia Utama; Anisa Mutamima
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26026

Abstract

This study investigates bio-oil production via the co-pyrolysis of oil palm fronds (OPF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics using a coal fly ash catalyst. The process was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 350°C for 60 minutes. Results showed that an optimum OPF to PET ratio of 75:25 yielded 20.48% bio-oil. The addition of 10% fly ash maximized the yield to 27.04%, whereas a 15% catalyst concentration triggered over-cracking reactions, thereby decreasing the yield. Conversely, the highest heating value of 31.46 MJ/kg (meeting the ASTM D7544-12 standard) was achieved at the 15% catalyst concentration. This highlights a trade-off between the optimum conditions for bio-oil quantity (10% catalyst) and quality (15% catalyst). GC-MS analysis confirmed the dominance of phenolic compounds, furans, and carboxylic acids, affirming the potential of this mixture as a renewable energy alternative.
Produksi Bio-oil dari Co-pyrolysis Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Batu Bara Nadya Cahaya Putri; Suci Rahmadini; Nurfatihayati Nurfatihayati; Sunarno Sunarno; Panca Setia Utama; Anisa Mutamima
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26026

Abstract

This study investigates bio-oil production via the co-pyrolysis of oil palm fronds (OPF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics using a coal fly ash catalyst. The process was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 350°C for 60 minutes. Results showed that an optimum OPF to PET ratio of 75:25 yielded 20.48% bio-oil. The addition of 10% fly ash maximized the yield to 27.04%, whereas a 15% catalyst concentration triggered over-cracking reactions, thereby decreasing the yield. Conversely, the highest heating value of 31.46 MJ/kg (meeting the ASTM D7544-12 standard) was achieved at the 15% catalyst concentration. This highlights a trade-off between the optimum conditions for bio-oil quantity (10% catalyst) and quality (15% catalyst). GC-MS analysis confirmed the dominance of phenolic compounds, furans, and carboxylic acids, affirming the potential of this mixture as a renewable energy alternative.
Co-Authors Agustina Ningsih Ahmad Fadli Alfarisi, Cory Dian Alfatlian Alfatlian Alfi Randi Allailus Syah Safara Alltop Amri Ya Habib Amun Amri Anisa Mutamima Arisman Adnan Ariya Eka Alel Aulia Permatasari Chun-Chen Yang Doni Rahmat Wicakso Edy Saputra Febriantoni Febriantoni Ferdy Ashari Syawal Fri Murdiya Hadyan Sartoni Iwantono Iwan Barnawi Jefriadi Jefriadi Khairulazhar Jumbri Khoirunnisa M Mahbubur Rahman Mawaddah Mawaddah Mayangsari Mayangsari Mazhibayev Assylzhan Mohammednoor Altarawneh Muhammad Raihan Mutamima, Anisa Nadya Cahaya Putri Nurfatihayati Panca Setia Utama Rinny Jelita Ririn Puji Hastuti Ronaldo Rahmadhano Siahaan Ronna Puspita Sari Silvia Reni Yenti Silvia Reni Yenti Silvia Reni Yenti Silvia Reni Yenti Suci Rahmadini Suhendri Sukoco Sukoco Sulistyo Saputro SYAIFUL BAHRI Tifanny Frimacia Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Wisrayetti Yelmida Azis Yogi Yolanda Zohera Zohera Zuchra Helwani Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar