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Validation of Satellite Rainfall Product (GPM-IMERG) an Bali and Nusa Tenggara: A Comparison of Normal Seasons, El Nino and La Nina Events Putu Eka Tulistiawan; I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang; Takahiro Osawa
JURNAL GEOGRAFI Vol 15, No 2 (2023): JURNAL GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jg.v15i2.44967

Abstract

Bali and Nusa Tenggara are regions where monsoonal wind changes and strange interactions between the ocean and atmosphere influence rainfall. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall data using in-situ observations from Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, while considering seasonal variations and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The study combines rainfall data from synoptic stations with rain gauge measurements over ten years, from January 2012 to December 2021, to obtain more accurate verification results. The study's findings indicate that, apart from the transitional seasons, IMERG data provides substantial estimates of monthly rainfall accumulation with low error values for both light and heavy rainfall. The study also reveals that the islands' complexity and topography can impact each province's validation values. The verification results show excellent accuracy in flat terrain areas and moderate elevations, while performance decreases in regions with high altitudes. These findings are significant because IMERG data can estimate rainfall for regions lacking monitoring stations during specific seasons and active ENSO conditions. Thus, this information can serve as a valuable tool to address the issue of data unavailability in hard-to-access areas and contribute to optimizing water resource management and weather-related disaster mitigation. Keywords: Validation, Rainfall, IMERG, ENSO
APPLICATION OF VAN HENGEL AND SPITZER ALGORITHM FOR INFORMATION ON BATHYMETRY EXTRACTION USING LANDSAT DATA Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan; Syifa Wismayati Adawiah; Takahiro OSAWA; I. Wayan Nuarsa
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 11 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2014.v11.a2603

Abstract

Remote sensing technology provides an opportunity for effective and efficient bathymetry mapping, especially in areas which level of depth changes quickly. Bathymetry information is very useful for hydrographic and shipping safety. Landsat medium resolution satellite imagery can be used for the extraction of bathymetry information. This study aims to extract information from the Landsat bathymetry by using Van Hengel and Spitzer rotation algorithm transformation (1991) in the water of Menjangan Island, Bali. This study shows that Van Hengel and Spitzer rotation algorithm transformation (1991) can be used to extract information on the bathymetry of Menjangan Island. Extraction of bathymetric information generated from Landsat TM imagery data in March 19, 1997 had shown the depth interval of (-0.6) m to (-12.3) m and R2 value of 0.671. While Data LANDSAT ETM + dated June 23, 2000 resulted in depth interval of 0 m to (-19.1) m and R2 value of 0.796. Furthermore, data LANDSAT ETM + dated March 12, 2003 resulted in depth interval of 0 m to (-22.5) m and R2 value of 0.931.
ESTIMATION OF TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION AND DIAPYCNAL DIFFUSIVITY IN THE INDONESIAN SEAS I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang; Fumihiko Nishio; Takahiro Osawa
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 7 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2010.v7.a1542

Abstract

The Indonesian Seas separating the Indian Ocean from the West Pacific Oceanare representative regions of strong tidal mixing in the world oceans. In the present study,we first carry out numerical simulation of the barotropic tidal elevation field in theIndonesian Seas using horizontally two-dimensional primitive equation model. It is foundthat, to reproduce realistic tidal elevations in the Indonesian Seas, the energy lost by theincoming barotropic tides to internal waves within the Indonesian seas should be taken intoaccount. The numerical experiments show that the model predicted tidal elevations in theIndonesian Seas best fit the observed data when we take into account the baroclinic energyconversion in the Indonesian Seas ~86.1 GW for the M2 tidal constituent and ~134.6 GWfor the major four tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1). For this baroclinic energy conversion,the value of Kñ averaged within the eastern area (Halmahera, Seram, Banda and MalukuSeas), the western area (Makassar and Flores Seas), and the southern area (Lombok Straitand Timor Passage) are estimated to be ~23 × 10-4 m2s-1, ~5 × 10-4 m2s-1, and ~10× 10-4m2s-1, respectively. This value is about 1 order of magnitude more than assumed for theIndonesian Seas in previous ocean general circulation models. We offer this study as awarning against using diapycnal diffusivity just as a tuning parameter to reproduce largescalephenomena.
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHLOROPHYLL-A BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK TAKAHIRO OSAWA; CHAO FANG ZHAO; NUARSA I WAYAN; I KETUT SWARDIKA; YASUHIRO SUGIMORI
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 2 (2005)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2005.v2.a1353

Abstract

An algorithm of estimating Vertical distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was evaluated based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method in Hokkaido field in the northwest of Pacific Ocean. The algorithm applied to the data of SeaWiFS on OrbView-2 and AVHRR on NOAA off Hokkaido, has been applied on September 24, 1998 and September 28, 2001. Ocean color sensor provides the information of the photosynthetic pigment concentration for the upper 22% of the euphotic zone. In order to model a primary production in the water column derived from satellite, it is important to obtain the vertical profile of Chl-a distribution, because the maximum value of Chl-a concentration used to lie in the subsurface region. A shifted Gaussian model has been proposed to describe the variation of the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) profile which consists of four parameters, i.e. background biomass (B0), maximum depth of Chl-a (zm), total biomass in the peak (h), and a measurement of the thickness or vertical scale of the peak (cr). However, these parameters are not easy to be determined directly from satellite data. Therefore, in the present study, an ANN methodology is used. Using in-situ data from 1974 to 1994 around Japan Islands, the above four parameters are calculated to derive the Chl-a concentration, sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth, latitude, longitude, and Julian days. The total of 6983 profiles of Chl-a and temperature are used for ANN. The correlation coefficients of these parameters are 0.79 (B0), 0.73 (h), 0.76 (cr) and 0.79 (zm) respectively. A site called A-linc off Hokkaido is used to evaluate Chl-a concentration in each depth. After comparing with in-situ data and ANN model, the results show good agreement relatively. Therefore, the ANN method is applicable and available tool to estimate primary production and fish resources from the space.
STUDY OF OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY USING OCEAN COLOR DATA AROUND JAPAN TAKAHIRO OSAWA; CHAOFANG ZHAO; I WAYAN NUARSA; SWARDIDAI I KETUT; YASUHIROSUGIMORI
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 2 (2005)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2005.v2.a1354

Abstract

Ocean primary production is an important factor for determining the ocean's role in global carbon cycle. In recent years, much more chlorophyll-a concentration data in the euphotic layer were derived from the satellite ocean color sensors. The primary productivity algorithms have been proposed based on satellite chlorophyll measurements (Piatt, 1988; Morel, 1991) and other environmental parameters such as sea surfacetemperature or mixed layer depth (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997; Esaias, 1996; Asanuma, 2002). In order to estimate integrated primary productivity in the whole water column, the vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration below the sea surface should be reconstructed based on satellite data. In this paper, the vertical profile data of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measured around Japan Islands from 1974 to 1994 were reanalyzed based on the shifted-Gaussian shape proposed by Piatt et al (1988). Using this statistical model (neural network) and the photosynthesis irradiance parameters from Asanuma (2002), the distribution of primary productivity and its seasonal variation around Japan islands were estimated from SeaWiFS data, and the results were compared with in situ data and the other two models estimated from VGPM and mixed layer depth model.
STUDY FOR ESTIMATION OF AIR-SEA C02 GAS TRANSFER BY WAVE BREAKING MODEL USING SATELLITE DATA — ESTIMATION OF THE FRICTION VELOCITY CONSIDERING WAVE EFFECT NAOYA SUZUKI; NAOTO EBUCHI; CHAOFANG ZHAO; TAKAHIRO OSAWA; TAKASHI MORIYAMA
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2004)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2004.v1.a1328

Abstract

The determination of wind friction velocity from satellite-derived wind data will take an important role of key factors for computation of C02 flux transfer. It is necessary for relation between wind speed and wind friction velocity to determine that of relation between nondimensional roughness length and wave age, included with all parameters (wind, wave). In this study, we proposed a new method to estimate u„, which is based on the new relationship between non-dimensional roughness and wave velocity, after considering fetch andwave directionality. Consequently, we obtained the new relationship between friction velocity and wind speed. Using this relationship, we estimated the wave frequency from two methods:3 per 2 powers law (Toba, 1972) and WAM model (WAMDI, 1988). The results arc compared with the results estimated from Charnock formula (1955) and the above influence of wave effects on the wind stress is also discussed. A new relationship was established to determine CO. exchange coefficient based on whitecap model (Monahan and Spillane 1984), using U|0-u, relationship in North Pacific Ocean, satellite data of NOAA-AVHRR (SST) and DMSP-SSM-I (wind speed) in Oct., Nov., and Dec. 1991. The C02 exchange coefficient estimated by other models (Wanninkhof, 1992; Liss and Merlivat, 1986; Tans et al., 1990) are also compared with these results. The results show the importance of wave breaking effect.