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PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU AGRESIF SISWA SD MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGWARU KOTA YOGYAKARTA Lestariningsih, Sri; Rahmatullah, Azam Syukur; Purnomo, Halim
G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Vol 5, No 2 (2021): G-Couns Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/g.couns.v5i2.1573

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan gambaran religiusitas, penggunaan media sosial siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SD Muhammadiyah Karangwaru Kota Yogyakarta dan mengetahui pengaruh religusitas dan penggunaan media sosial dengan perilaku agresif siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SD Muhammadiyah Karangwaru Kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan angket dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 142 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku religiusitas siswa memiliki kategori religiusitas yang baik dengan analisis deskripif pada rentang 68 – 84 % sedangkan penggunaan media sosial siswa berada pada tingkatan cukup baik pada rentang 43 – 68 %. Religiusitas siswa berpengaruh terhadap perilaku agresi berdasarkan  hasil uji t dengan nilai signifikansi 0,01. Penggunaan media sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku agresi karena memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,487. Hasil uji F, religiusitas dan penggunaan media sosial berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap perilaku agresi siswa sebesar 7,4%. dengan nilai signifikansi 0,05.
Risk Factors and Eneuresis Determinants in Pre-School Children Lestariningsih, Sri; Maksum, Yusro Hadi; Widiyanti, Septi
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (226.08 KB) | DOI: 10.30604/jika.v6i1.468

Abstract

Children more than 4 years old should have a controllable bladder external sphincter so that the child no longer wet the bed. The causes of enuresis include slow inherited or deficient renal system, emotional disorders, namely the feeling of fear when the child has to go out of the room at night, diet or habitual patterns of giving water before bed, and others. The social and psychological impact of enuresis disrupts a child's life. The psychological and social adverse effects that persist due to bedwetting affect the quality of life of children as adults. The research objective to determine the factors that influence and determine the incidence of enuresis in preschool children in Metro City. Research method using quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate, using logistic regression tests. RESEARCH RESULTS: The distribution of the frequency of enuresis was 22 (22.2%) of respondents, the most children aged more than 5 years were 61 (61.6%), the most sex was female, namely 52 (52.5%) ), there was a history of enuresis in the parents, namely 85 (85.9%), there was a history of siblings with enuresis, namely 79 (79.8%), lack of toilet training, namely 52 (52.5%), children who were not their constipation that is equal to 87 (87.9%), children who do not have sleep disorders amounted to 67 (67.7%). There is a relationship between age and the incidence of enuresis with a p-value of 0.003. There is a relationship between parental history and the incidence of enuresis with a p-value of 0.000. There are two variables that are statistically significant and interact with each other, namely age and history of enuresis in the parents. Community service activities are needed to socialize toilet training guides for parents and provide health education on enuresis management with acupressure and moxibustion therapy. Abstrak: Anak berusia lebih dari 4 tahun seharusnya sudah memiliki kondisi sfingter eksterna vesika urinaria yang mampu dikontrol, sehingga anak tidak lagi mengompol. Penyebab enuresis diantaranya faktor bawaan lambat atau sistem ginjal defisiensi, gangguan emosi yaitu perasaan takut ketika anak harus pergi keluar kamar pada malam hari, diet atau pola kebiasaan memberi air sebelum tidur, dan lainnya. Dampak secara sosial dan kejiwaan yang ditimbulkan akibat enuresis mengganggu kehidupan seorang anak. Pengaruh buruk secara psikologis dan sosial yang menetap akibat ngompol, mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak saat dewasa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh dan determinan terhadap kejadian enuresis pada anak prasekolah di Kota Metro. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Analisis menggunakan univariat, bivariat dan multivariat, menggunakan uji logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Distribusi frekuensi enuresis yaitu sebanyak 22 (22,2%) responden, usia anak yang terbanyak yaitu anak usia lebih dari atau sama dengan 5 tahun yaitu sebanyak 61 (61,6%), jenis kelamin yang terbanyak perempuan yaitu sebesar 52 (52,5%), ada riwayat enuresis pada orang tua yaitu 85 (85,9%), ada riwayat saudara kandung dengan enuresis yaitu sebesar 79 (79,8%), toilet training kurang yaitu sebanyak 52 (52,5%), anak yang tidak ada konstipasi yaitu sebesar 87 (87,9%), anak yang tidak ada gangguan tidur yaitu sebesar 67 (67,7%). Ada hubungan antara usia dengan kejadian enuresis dengan p value 0,003. Ada hubungan riwayat orangtua dengan kejadian enuresis dengan p value 0,000. Terdapat dua variabel yang secara statistik signifikan berhubungan dan saling berinteraksi, yaitu usia dan riwayat enuresis pada orangtua. Diperlukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk mensosialisasikan bimbingan toilet training bagi orangtua dan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang penatalaksanaan enuresis dengan terapi akupresur dan moksibasi.
Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan Di Ruang Bersalin RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani Metro Terhadap Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Lestariningsih, Sri
Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai Vol. 9 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/jkm.v9i1.1753

Abstract

IMD is an effort improve the delivery of breastfeeding exclusively. If the rest of the baby in the world immediately after birth be given the opportunity suckling own by letting skin contact from mother to the skin baby, at least for one hour one million lives baby can be saved. Based on the information obtained by researchers in the delivery room RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro not fully apply the implementation of the IMD. The purpose of this research to obtain an overview of support health workers in the delivery room RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro with theimplementation of the initiation feeding early 2016. The kind of research this is in a qualitative to technique in-depth interviews about a support health workers with the implementation of the imd. The study is done to post partum mother, midwives help childbirth, family informants who give impact of the decision imd, head of space obstetrics RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro. Methods used, namely in-depth interviews, observation and review of documentation. To keep the data collected stay awake validitasnya then done triangulation source by means of in-depth interviews with key informants namely midwives help childbirth, head of space obstetrics, and family patients that there is no kontrafiksi data. Conclusion knowledge informants regarding imd most still low because almost all cannot mention benefits and way, and the right time for the implementation of inisiasiasi suckling early. All teachers were not received support of an examiner pregnancy through education health about imd, all teachers were not the provision of support about imd of helper childbirth through education health about imd before maternity. Required sop the implementation of the IMD in the delivery room RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani so that it can be contribute to improvement and execution of IMD. IMD merupakan upaya mengoptimalisasi pemberian ASI secara ekslusif. Jika seluruh bayi di dunia segera setelah lahir diberi kesempatan menyusu sendiri dengan membiarkan kontak kulit dari ibu ke kulit bayi, setidaknya selama satu jam satu juta nyawa bayi dapat diselamatkan. Berdasarkan informasi yang didapatkan oleh peneliti  di Ruang Bersalin Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ahmad Yani  belum sepenuhnya menerapkan pelaksanaan IMD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai dukungan petugas kesehatan di ruang bersalin RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro terhadap pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusui dini tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini  adalah  menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan teknik wawancara mendalam tentang dukungan petugas kesehatan terhadap pelaksanaan  IMD. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap ibu post partum, Bidan yang menolong persalinan, keluarga  informan yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap keputusan IMD, Kepala Ruang  Kebidanan RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu  wawancara mendalam, observasi dan  telaah dokumentasi. Validitas data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber melalui cara wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, yaitu Bidan yang menolong persalinan, kepala ruang kebidanan, dan keluarga pasien agar tidak terdapat kontrafiksi data. Kesimpulan pengetahuan informan tentang IMD sebagian besar masih rendah karena hampir semua tidak dapat menyebutkan manfaat  dan cara, dan waktu yang tepat untuk pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini. Seluruh informan tidak mendapat dukungan dari pemeriksa kehamilan melalui pendidikan kesehatan tentang IMD, seluruh informan tidak mendapatkan dukungan mengenai IMD dari penolong persalinan melalui pendidikan kesehatan mengenai IMD sebelum bersalin. Diperlukan SOP pelaksanaan IMD di Ruang Bersalin RSUD Jend. Ahmad Yani Metro, sehingga dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pelaksanaan program IMD.
Early Nutrition and Stunting: Why are Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Essential for Optimal Growth? Yuliawati, Yuliawati; Lestariningsih, Sri; Anggraini, Yetti; Aghniya, Rofana; Yustiza, Non Rachmani
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 16 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/jk.v16i1.4951

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The objective is to identify how these nutritional practices impact child growth and development. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 135 toddlers at Puskesmas Yosomulyo, utilizing a combination of interviews and questionnaires to gather data on feeding practices and health outcomes. The findings reveal that toddlers who received exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods exhibited significantly lower rates of stunting compared to those who did not. Specifically, 33% of toddlers who were not exclusively breastfed experienced stunting, while only 19 toddlers who received appropriate complementary food were stunted. The results underscore the critical role of proper nutrition in early childhood development and highlight the need for enhanced educational programs for parents regarding feeding practices. In conclusion, promoting exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding is essential for reducing stunting rates and improving overall child health
The Role of Exclusive Breastfeeding, Low Birth Weight, and Immunization in Stunting Among Children Under Five Yuliawati, Yuliawati; Anggraini, Yetti; Lestariningsih, Sri; Aghniya, Rofana; Yustiza, Non Rachmani
Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/jkmsw.v18i1.5004

Abstract

Reducing stunting in children is the first of six Global Nutrition Targets for 2025 and serves as a key indicator in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Stunting is associated with increased risks of illness, mortality, and impaired motor and cognitive development in children. According to the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting in Lampung Province decreased to 15.2%, down from 18.5% in 2021. However, in Metro City, the prevalence increased from 7.29% (2021) to 10.4% (2022), with the highest rate recorded in the working area of Yosomulyo Health Center at 11%. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, history of low birth weight (LBW), and immunization status with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. This research is a quantitative study with a case-control analytic design. The population consisted of children aged 1–5 years who experienced stunting in the Yosomulyo Health Center working area between February and June 2024, totaling 84 children (11%). The sample consisted of 45 children in the case group and 90 children in the control group (a 1:2 ratio), selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS software after conducting a normality test. The analysis showed a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, history of LBW, and immunization status with the incidence of stunting (p<0.001). Factors such as lack of exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, and incomplete immunization are significantly associated with the incidence of stunting. Early prevention of stunting can be achieved through proper pregnancy planning and regular antenatal care.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI PECAHAN KELAS IV A MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI Khabibah, Febriyanti Umi; Saputra, Wahyu Nanda Eka; Lestariningsih, Sri
Journal of Educational Learning and Innovation (ELIa) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Educational Learning and Innovation (ELIa)
Publisher : Institut of Shanti Bhuana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46229/elia.v3i2.670

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan dalam belajar matematika dan pembelajaran diferensiasi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, tes, dan dokumentasi. Data penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yaitu dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu kesulitan belajar siswa pada materi operasi hitung pecahan yang dialami yaitu kurangnya pemahaman dalam konsep, kesulitan pada keterampilan matematika, serta kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi sebagai penyelesaian masalah mengakomodasi setiap kebutuhan siswa. Selain itu, pembelajaran yang direncanakan sudah mencakup diferensiasi konten, proses, produk, dan lingkungan belajar sehingga upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar matematika. Selanjutnya, pada pra siklus sebanyak 13 peserta didik (40,625%) tuntas, sedangkan yang belum tuntas ada 19 peserta didik (72,42%), dengan nilai rata-rata 69. Pada Siklus I peserta didik mengalami peningkatan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas ada 24peserta didik (75%) sedangkan yang belum tuntas ada 8 peserta didik (48,28%) dengan nilai rata-rata 76,75. Selanjutnya, pada Siklus II terjadi peningkatan yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan siklus I yaitu peserta didik yang sudah mencapai KKTP berjumlah 31 peserta didik (96,875%), sedangkan yang belum tuntas berjumlah 1 peserta didik (3,125%) dengan nilai rata-rata 92,4. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pelajaran Matematika pada materi pecahan.
Aktivitas Fundamental Matematika dalam Bentuk Gending Ladrang Gaya Surakarta Lestariningsih, Sri
Jurnal Mebang: Kajian Budaya Musik dan Pendidikan Musik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Studi Etnomusikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mebang.v4i2.150

Abstract

This research aims to carry out an analysis related to fundamental mathematical activities through reading the structure of the Surakarta style gending ladrang form. The main focus is to examine the implementation of mathematical principles and concepts in the rhythmic structure of the gending ladrang form. Ladrang has a drum pattern that forms a rhythmic structure consisting of kethuk, kenong, kempul, and gong with a distinctive repetition. The distinctive nature of the repeatability of the rhythmic structure shows the identity of ladrang-shaped gending which differentiates it from other forms of gending. This research was conducted using qualitative methods using data collection techniques based on literacy studies related to musical and ethnomathematics texts. The research stages carried out include collecting literature; data reduction and triangulation; analysis of the rhythmic structure of the ladrang gending form; interpretation and generalization related to the implementation of principles and concepts of fundamental mathematical activities in the form of gending ladrang; as well as compiling analysis results. This research shows that the gending ladrang form has a rhythmic structure that implements fundamental mathematical activities in a complex manner. Implementation of mathematical principles is demonstrated through repetition and cycles. Meanwhile, the implementation of mathematical concepts is demonstrated through grouping, division, multiplication, sets, forward counting and skip counting. The results of this research enrich the analysis of musical instruments, namely through an ethnomathematics perspective which shows the appearance, implementation and correlation of mathematics in Surakarta style Javanese musical culture.
PENGUATAN KOMPETENSI TATA ARTISTIK MELALUI PELATIHAN MAKE UP DAN WARDROBE FILM FANTASI SISWA SMK NEGERI 8 SURAKARTA Oktaviani, Danissa Dyah; Lestariningsih, Sri
AL HAZIQ: Journal of Community Service Vol. 04, No. 2 Desember 2025
Publisher : Institut Islam Mamba'ul 'Ulum Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54090/haziq.918

Abstract

This community service activity aims to strengthen the artistic design competence of students in the Broadcasting and Film Study Program at SMK Negeri 8 Surakarta through training in make-up and wardrobe design for fantasy films. The background of this activity stems from the need to improve students’ abilities in the visual aesthetics of film production, particularly in the fantasy genre, which demands a high level of creativity in character design and costume arrangement. The implementation method consists of several stages, including planning, theoretical and practical training, production mentoring, and a final showcase in the form of a fantasy-themed fashion show. Participants were trained by professional practitioners in make-up artistry and costume design, using a hands-on approach that enabled students to apply artistic principles comprehensively. The results showed a significant improvement in technical skills, creativity, and collaboration among students during the production process. Moreover, the activity fostered appreciation for local cultural values, which were adapted into the fantasy costume designs. Thus, this training successfully served as a means of strengthening vocational competence relevant to the needs of the creative industry while supporting the development of the Profil Pelajar Pancasila through creative, independent, and collaborative character building.
Ki Bagus Hadikusumo: Peran dan Pemikiran bersama Muhammadiyah dalam Penerapan Syariat Islam di Indonesia Lestariningsih, Sri; Aminati, Wahyu; Khoiriyah, Siti; Fatonah, Anna
Jurnal Studi Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan (JASIKA) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jasika.v1i1.8

Abstract

Tulisan ini merupakan paparan mengenai Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, peran serta pemikirannya bagi Indonesia. Sebagaimana negara terjajah lainnya, Indonesia mengalami  ketidakbebasan dalam berbagai hal baik dalam kehidupan sosial hingga politik. Hal ini mendorong Ki Bagus Hadikusumo untuk memberikan peran yang besar bagi negara. Sebagai seorang muslim, sikap tegas beliau tentang tauhid begitu besar. Peran Ki Bagus Hadi Kusumo dimulai dari studinya di berbagai Lembaga pendidikan,  persyarikatan Muhammadiyah hingga dalam perumusan dasar negara. Penjelasan mengenai Biografi, peran Muhammadiyah dalam kemerdekaan Indonesia, peran Muhammadiyah dalam politik (Masyumi), sikap Ki Bagus Hadikusumo mengenai seikerei hingga pemikiran Ki Bagus Hadikusumo mengenai Islam dan Negara merupakan hal yang disampaikan dalam tulisan ini. Metode pengumpulan informasi tulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur guna mendapatkan data sekunder yang kemudian dianalisis secara kontekstual sehingga membentuk suatu keterkaitan.
The Effectiveness Of Massage Olive Oil On Reducing Nocturnal Enuresis In Preschool Children Lestariningsih, Sri; Wijayanti, Yoga Tri; Lestari, Gangsar Indah
JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati) Vol 12, No 4 (2026): Volume 12 Nomor 4 April 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kebidanan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jkm.v12i4.25587

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Nocturnal enuresis merupakan kondisi medis umum pada anak prasekolah yang menyebabkan dampak psikologis dan sosial signifikan. Anak berusia empat tahun seharusnya sudah mampu menggunakan toilet secara mandiri dan tidak mengompol lebih dari sekali seminggu, sehingga diperlukan terapi non-farmakologi yang aman dan alami seperti pijat minyak zaitun. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efektivitas pijat minyak zaitun terhadap penurunan frekuensi nocturnal enuresis pada anak prasekolah di PAUD Kota Metro.Metode:  Terdapat tiga puluh anak prasekolah yang digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini, yang dilakukan menggunakan one-group pretest-posttest design. Pijat minyak zaitun dilakukan empat belas hari, selama lima belas menit sebelum tidur. Setelah observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (non-parametrik).Hasil: Dengan nilai p=0,000 (0,05), dan mean skor efektivitas intervensi sebesar 1,700, analisis statistik menunjukkan penurunan signifikan dalam frekuensi enuresis di malam hari.Kesimpulan: Pijat minyak zaitun efektif menurunkan nocturnal enuresis pada anak prasekolah.Saran: Terapi pijat minyak zaitun terbukti efektif dan aman. Ini mendukung penerapannya oleh bidan dalam edukasi kesehatan dan penyuluhan di masyarakat sebagai edukasi bagi orang tua, dan terapi ini dapat diintegrasikan dalam asuhan kebidanan pada anak dan dikembangkan sebagai strategi non-farmakologi untuk mengatasi enuresis nokturnal pada anak prasekolah. Kata Kunci: Pijat, Minyak zaitun, Nocturnal enuresis, Anak prasekolah, Terapi non-farmakologis ABSTRACT Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common medical condition in preschool children that causes significant psychological and social impacts. Four-year-old children should be able to use the toilet independently and not wet the bed more than once a week, so safe and natural non-pharmacological therapies such as olive oil massage are needed.Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of olive oil massage in reducing the frequency of NE in preschool children at PAUD Kota Metro. Methods: Thirty preschool children were used as samples in this study, which was conducted using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Olive oil massage was performed for fourteen days, for fifteen minutes before bedtime. After observation, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: With a p-value of 0.000 (0.05) and a mean intervention effectiveness score of 1.700, statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in the frequency of NE.Conclusion: Olive oil massage is effective in reducing NE in preschool children.Suggestions: Olive oil massage therapy has been proven to be effective and safe. This supports its application by midwives in health education and community outreach as education for parents, and this therapy can be integrated into midwifery care for children and developed as a non-pharmacological strategy to treat nocturnal enuresis in preschool children. Keywords: Massage, Olive oil, Nocturnal enuresis, Preschool children, Non-pharmacological therapy