Bernardus Ario Tejo Sugiarto
Jurusan Ilmu Filsafat, Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung

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Peran Agama dalam Demokrasi dari Perspektif Fukuyama dan Kontekstualisasinya bagi Politik di Indonesia Ario Tejo Sugiarto, Bernardus
Proceedings of The National Conference on Indonesian Philosophy and Theology Vol 3, No 1 (2025): Proceedings of The National Conference on Indonesian Philosophy and Theology
Publisher : Fakultas Teologi, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/snf.v3i1.10281

Abstract

Religion and democracy are frequently opposed in terms of the power legitimacy system. The basis of power legitimacy from religious perspective comes from above or from God Himself, while the basis of power legitimacy from democratic perspective comes from below or from the people. Religion uses reasoning of faith or belief, while democracy uses rational reasoning. Fukuyama contends that the liberal democratic system is the most appropriate system of power legitimacy for a modern secular society. In the context of Indonesian politics, religion and democracy cannot be separated simply because the people involved in democracy are people who believe in God and are religious as well. Indonesian society is a religious society that uses a democratic system to legitimize power. The experience of religion has been integrated into all aspects of Indonesian life including social and political life. However, religion has never been the basis for governing the country. In this study, the researcher specifically investigates the role of religion in the democratic process from Fukuyama's perspective. The research issues are: 1) what is the contribution of religion in the practice of democracy, 2) what are the limits of religious involvement in the practice of democracy, 3) how is its contextualization in the practice of democracy in Indonesia which has its own characteristics in religious plurality. This research is a literature study of Fukuyama works from 1992 to 2018 which discusses the dynamics of state and religious relations. The purpose of the study is to provide a critical assessment of the role of religion in the practice of democracy in Indonesia from the Fukuyama perspective. Religion is a symbol of the presence of The Transcendent. With the presence of religion, humans are still reminded that there is a higher power than worldly power so that humans are not arbitrary in exercising their political power. Therefore, religion must maintain its position outside the practice of democracy. When religion is involved practically in political power, religion will be placed under human power and used as a means of legitimacy of power.AbstrakAgama dan demokrasi sering dipertentangkan dalam hal sistem legitimasi kekuasaan. Dasar legitimasi kekuasaan dari perspektif agama berasal dari atas atau dari Tuhan sendiri, sedangkan dasar legitimasi kekuasaan dari perspektif demokrasi berasal dari bawah atau dari rakyat. Agama menggunakan penalaran iman atau keyakinan, sedangkan demokrasi menggunakan penalaran yang bersifat rasional. Fukuyama berpendapat bahwa sistem demokrasi liberal merupakan sistem legitimasi kekuasaan yang paling sesuai dengan masyarakat modern yang sekular. Dalam konteks politik Indonesia, agama dan demokrasi tidak dapat dipisahkan begitu saja karena rakyat yang terlibat di dalam demokrasi adalah manusia-manusia yang ber-Tuhan dan beragama. Masyarakat Indonesia merupakan masyarakat religius yang menggunakan sistem demokrasi untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan. Penghayatan agama sudah menyatu ke dalam semua aspek kehidupan bangsa Indonesia termasuk kehidupan sosial dan politik. Namun demikian, agama tidak pernah menjadi dasar untuk mengatur negara. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti secara khusus menyelidiki peran agama di dalam proses demokrasi dari perspektif Fukuyama. Persoalan-persoalan penelitian adalah: 1) apakah sumbangan agama dalam praktik demokrasi, 2) apakah batasan keterlibatan agama dalam praktik demokrasi, 3) bagaimana kontekstualisasinya dalam praktik demokrasi di Indonesia yang mempunyai kekhasan dalam pluralitas agama. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur terhadap karya-karya Fukuyama dari tahun 1992 sampai dengan 2018 yang membahas dinamika hubungan negara dan agama. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan penilaian kritis terhadap peran agama dalam praktik demokrasi di Indonesia dari perspektif Fukuyama. Agama simbol kehadiran Sang Transenden. Dengan hadirnya agama, manusia tetap diingatkan bahwa ada kekuasaan yang lebih tinggi daripada kekuasaan duniawi sehingga manusia tidak semena-mena dalam menjalankan kekuasaannya. Oleh karena itu, agama harus mempertahankan posisinya di luar demokrasi. Ketika agama terlibat di dalam kekuasaan politik secara praktis, maka agama akan diletakkan di bawah kekuasaan manusia dan digunakan sebagai sekadar alat legitimasi kekuasaan.
Gen Zers’ Stances on The Religion Role in Human Salvation Sugiarto, Bernardus Ario Tejo; Kahmad, Dadang; Huriani, Yeni
Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): JAQFI VOL.7 NO. 1, 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Universitas Negri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jaqfi.v7i1.16819

Abstract

Each generation has its character because of the differences in era context. The Z Generation (Gen Zers) also has distinctive features that are different from the previous generation. Gen Zers is a generation that lives in the context of the world that is strongly influenced by scientific and digital technological advances in all fields, especially in communication and information fields. In Western countries, there are serious symptoms of a decline in the number of Gen Zers who are affiliated with a religion or who attended Church. They think that being affiliated with a religion or attending Church isn’t something very important. Yet, it doesn’t mean that they disregard the values of spirituality and morality. On the contrary, they are deeply concerned with universal spiritual and moral values. For them, spirituality and morality are “yes”, but religion is “no”. The study’s purpose is to investigate the role of religion according to Gen Zers’ opinions in Bandung. The study method is a quantitative method that makes use of an e-questionnaire as a data collection tool. All respondents are students who are studying at a certain private university in Bandung. The main finding is almost all respondents opine that affiliating with religion isn’t determining factor for human salvation even though they are affiliated with a religion. The conclusion is that there are at least five ambiguous stances of Gen Zers on the role of religion in human salvation. They are religious formalism, agnosticism, religious indifferentism, practical atheism, and religionism.
Peran Spiritualitas Agama Kristiani Katolik dalam Gerakan Koperasi Perekat Credit Union Bandung Sugiarto, Bernardus Ario Tejo; Wibisono, M. Yusuf; Rahman, Mohammad Taufiq
Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama
Publisher : Program Studi Studi Agama-Agama Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/hanifiya.v5i1.16112

Abstract

Ajaran suatu agama pada umumnya mengarahkan jemaat pada suatu pencapaian akan kehidupan abadi. Namun, persoalan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah jemaat beragama perlu terlibat membenahi persoalan-persoalan kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh manusia di dunia fana dan apakah keterlibatan jemaat tersebut menjadi bagian dari spiritualitas yang dihayati di dalam agama. Peneliti menjawabi persoalan ini dengan menggali spiritualitas Kristiani yang menjadi dasar dari gerakan koperasi Perekat (Persaudaraan Katedral) Credit Union di Bandung. Gerakan koperasi Perekat Credit Union merupakan gerakan jemaat Gereja Katolik di bidang sosial-ekonomi untuk membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup semua orang yang tergabung di dalamnya sebagai anggota. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan secara kritis bagaimana spiritualitas Kristiani dapat mendasari gerakan koperasi Perekat Credit Union dan bagaimana spiritualitas Kristiani dapat menyentuh persoalan universal kemanusiaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan e-kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada anggota Perekat Credit Union via media sosial sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan data. Semua data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perspektif Ajaran Sosial Gereja Katolik. Temuan utama adalah spiritualitas Kristiani menjiwai seluruh sistem pengelolaan dalam gerakan koperasi Perekat Credit Union sebagai bentuk keterlibatan iman dalam kehidupan sosial-ekonomi. Demikianlah, dalam spiritualitas Kristiani solidaritas Allah kepada manusia membawa konsekuensi solidaritas manusia kepada sesamanya yang diwujudkan dalam keterlibatan di bidang sosial-ekonomi.
Teologi Penderitaan dan Pengorbanan dalam Perpektif Kristiani dalam Konteks Pelayanan Tim Medis COVID-19 Ario Tejo Sugiarto, Bernardus
Sapientia Humana: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 2 No 01 (2022): Vol 2 No 01 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/jsh.v2i01.5245

Abstract

This study focuses on suffering and sacrifice, 'there is no sacrifice without suffering', particularly: the suffering and sacrifice of the medical team members in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The objectives of the research are (1) to describe their theological view of the reality of suffering and sacrifice in their ministry and its relation to Christian theology, and (2) to analyze the role of theology in their professional ministry. The author of the research has utilized a mixed-method with data collection carried out using a quantitative (tool: questionnaire) and qualitative approach (tool: video from Youtube channel). The author stipulates doctors, nurses, and midwives who are involved in handling Covid-19 patients at the Santo Yusup Hospital and the Santo Borromeus Hospital in Bandung as respondents. In this study, the author also excerpts statements of doctors, nurses, or midwives from various hospitals in videos uploaded on the Youtube channel as part of the research data. The results of this study are that although it does not reach the meaning of redemption, the Covid-19 medical team who experience disappointment, sadness, and concern view the sacrifices made for the lives of others as precious actions so that they continue to strive to provide the best service. Prayers and good teachings taught in religion evoke their motivation and strength to be faithful in their ministry.
The Catholic Gen-Z on Virtual Eucharist Within the Archdiocese of Pontianak Bhakti, Angga Satya; Sugiarto, Bernardus Ario Tejo; Cenderato, Cenderato; Rudi, Abil
Al-Albab Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pascasarjana IAIN Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v14i2.3507

Abstract

Since the expiration of the Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement on 13 December 2022, The Catholic Church has also resumed in-person (offline) Eucharistic celebrations. Virtual Eucharistic celebrations continue in select parishes, particularly within the Archdiocese of Pontianak. This study examines how Catholic Generation Z (Gen-Z) individuals— a cohort inherently familiar with the virtual world—respond to virtual versus in-person Eucharistic celebrations. From the perspective of liturgical theology, the Eucharist should ideally be celebrated in person unless circumstances necessitate a virtual format. This study employs a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire sent via WhatsApp to 250 Catholic Generation Z respondents in several parishes. The results show that although offline Mass was rated as spiritually better, practical conditions made online Masses also preferred by the majority of respondents. This research provides insights for the Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Pontianak in formulating pastoral approaches that better suit the spiritual and practical needs of Generation Z in the context of multicultural society of Pontianak.
Urgensi Penyiaran Misa Online bagi Orang Muda Katolik Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus Bandung Yehudatama, Alfonso Hedo; Sugiarto, Bernardus Ario Tejo
Proceedings of The National Conference on Indonesian Philosophy and Theology Vol 3, No 2 (2025): Proceedings of The National Conference on Indonesian Philosophy and Theology
Publisher : Fakultas Teologi, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/snf.v3i2.10222

Abstract

The Saint Peter's Cathedral in Bandung has continued to broadcast Mass online, both daily and weekly, through the YouTube account of the Communications Commission of the Archdiocese of Bandung, even in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. After the pandemic, congregants have been allowed to attend Mass in person at the church. Consequently, the online Mass broadcasts from Saint Peter's Cathedral have lost the urgency they once held during the pandemic. Is the online broadcasting of Mass still necessary for the faithful? The researcher has selected the Youth Catholic Community (OMK) at Saint Peter's Cathedral as the subject of the study. This group primarily consists of Generation Z, known for their familiarity with the internet and digital environments. Generation Z is generally more comfortable in the virtual realm than in the physical one. The research employs a quantitative methodology, with data collected via an e-questionnaire using Google Forms, which was distributed to OMK members through WhatsApp. The hypothesis of this study posits that OMK, as representatives of Generation Z, prefer online Mass over in-person attendance.AbstrakGereja Katedral Santo Petrus Bandung di paska pandemi Covid-19 masih menyiarkan misa secara online, baik harian dan mingguan melalui akun Youtube Komisi Komsos Keuskupan Bandung. Di paska pandemi Covid-19, umat sudah diperkenankan hadir kembali merayakan misa di Gereja. Dengan demikian, misa online yang disiarkan Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus Bandung telah kehilangan urgensinya seperti yang ada pada masa pandemi. Apakah penyiaran misa online masih diperlukan oleh umat? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, peneliti memilih OMK (Orang Muda Katolik) di Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus Bandung sebagai subjek penelitian, karena OMK saat ini termasuk di dalam Generasi Z yang dikenal sebagai Generasi Internet dan Generasi Digital. Generasi Z lebih akrab dengan dunia virtual, dibandingkan dengan dunia real. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Peneliti mengumpulkan data melalui e-kuesioner menggunakan aplikasi G-form dan disebarkan kepada OMK melalui WhatsApp. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah OMK sebagai perwakilan Generasi Z lebih menyukai misa online dibandingkan misa offline.