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Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen Desi Trisnawati; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho; Efi Toding Tondok
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 6 (2019)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Extract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease.

The Implementation of GMP and SSOP at Semi-Dried Anchovy Fish Processing Units in Tuban Mochamad Zainul Amin; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho; Nurjanah Nurjanah
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol 21 No 3 (2018): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
Publisher : Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Anchovy is very abundant in Indonesian waters and become economically potential export commodity. The value of anchovy production in Indonesia increased from Rp 1.222 billion in 2006 to Rp 3.095 billion in 2014. The anchovy processing industries in East Java are mainly found in Madura and Tuban. This study was aimed to identify the implementation levels of the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) of three semi-dried anchovy fish processing units(UPI) in Tuban. The application of GMP and SSOP in these three fish processing units was assessed using observation and interview. The research shows that the application of the GMP and SSOP at UPI A andUPI B did not fulfill the regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2010. Many components such as the building condition and layout, solid waste management, environmentalmanagement and personal management are still not fulfilled the standard. Meanwhile, UPI C in general have fulfilled the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2010.

Model Arrhenius untuk Pendugaan Laju Respirasi Brokoli Terolah Minimal Nurul Imamah; Rokhani Hasbullah; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractMinimally processed broccoli are perishable product because it still has some metabolism process duringthe storage period. One of the metabolism process is respiration. Respiration rate is varied depend on the commodity and storage temperature. The purpose of this research are: to review the respiration pattern of minimally processed broccoli during storage period, to study the effect of storage temperature to respiration rate, and to review the correlation between respiration rate and temperature based on Arrhenius model. Broccoli from farming organization “Agro Segar” was processed minimally and then measure the respiration rate. Closed system method is used to measure O2 and CO2 concentration. Minimally processed broccoli is stored at a temperature of 0oC, 5oC, 10oC and 15oC. The experimental design used was completely randomized design of the factors to analyze the rate of respiration. The result shows that broccoli is a climacteric vegetable. It is indicated by the increasing of O2 consumption and CO2 production during senescence phase. The respiration rate increase as high as the increasing of temperature storage. Models Arrhenius can describe correlation between respirationrate and temperature with R2= 0.953-0.947. The constant value of activation energy (Eai) and pre-exponential factor (Roi) from Arrhenius model can be used to predict the respiration rate of minimally processed broccoli in every storage temperatureAbstrakBrokoli terolah minimal merupakan produk yang mudah rusak (perishable). Hal tersebut terjadi karena jaringan tumbuhan masih melakukan kegiatan metabolisme selama penyimpanan. Salah satu proses metabolisme yang terjadi adalah respirasi. Besarnya laju respirasi bervariasi tergantung jenis komoditi dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh suhu penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pola respirasi brokoli terolah minimal selama penyimpanan, mengkaji pengaruh suhu terhadap laju respirasi dan menganalisis hubungan laju respirasi dengan suhu penyimpanan berdasarkan model Arrhenius. Brokoli yang diperoleh dari kelompok tani “Agro Segar” diolah secara minimal untuk kemudian diukur laju respirasinya. Metode sistem tertutup digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi O2 dan CO2. Brokoli terolah minimal disimpan pada suhu 0oC, 5oC, 10oC, dan 15oC. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 taraf perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan brokoli merupakan jenis sayuran klimaterik yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan konsumsi O2 dan produksi CO2 pada fase pelayuan. Laju respirasi meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu penyimpanan. Hubungan laju respirasi dengan suhu penyimpanan terbukti dapat dijelaskan menggunakan model Arrhenius yang memiliki nilai R2 = 0.953-0.947. Nilai konstanta energi aktivasi (Eai) dan faktor preeksponensial (Roi) dari model Arrhenius dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi laju respirasi brokoli terolah minimal pada setiap suhu penyimpanan.

Pengaruh Beberapa Kemasan Plastik Terhadap Kualitas Benih Kedelai Selama Penyimpanan Irna Dwi Destiana; Emmy Darmawati; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractSoybean seed var. Argomulyo has been processed and dried to < 10% moisture content. Seeds were stored in 3 different kinds of plastic packaging ie. HDPE, hermetic plastic and vacuum plastic for a period of 6 months at room temperature. The research aims to determine the best type of plastic packaging for soybean seed. The experimental design was arranged in RBD consisting of 2 block and 1 factor; different engine rotation n speed (rpm) threshing and packaging material. Sample was carried out every month until 6 months of storage. The following analyses were carried out: moisture content, germination, damaged grains, additional weight and free fatty acid (FFA). Result show that kinds of packaging significantly affect moisture content and additional weights. It was found that seed moisture contentin HDPE packaging was increase and showed positive correlation with additional weight. Engine rotation speed (rpm) threshing was significantly affect damaged grains that high rpm showed positively corelation with increasing damaged grain. Percent of FFA < 0.4% untill 6 months of storage. From this research, soybean seed was stored in hermetic plastic observed have the ability to maintain moisture content and hold up additional weight followed by vacuum plastic and HDPE. Soybean seed were stored in HDPE, hermetic plastic and vacuum plastic have percent of germination ≥70% after 6 months stored and moisture content < 10%.AbstrakBenih kedelai varietas Argomulyo telah diproses dan dikeringkan hingga kadar air < 10%. Benih disimpan dalam tiga jenis kemasan plastik yaitu HDPE, plastik hermetic, dan plastik vakum selam 6 bulan dalam gudang dengan suhu ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe kemasan terbaik untuk pengemasan benih kedelai. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor; yang terdiri dari perbedaan kecepatan putaran mesin (rpm) perontok sebagaikelompok dan bahan kemasan sebagai faktor. Sampel diamati setiap bulan hingga penyimpanan bulan ke 6. Analisis yang diamati adalah kadar air, daya kecambah, butir rusak, penambahan bobot dan kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kemasan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dan penambahan bobot selama penyimpanan. Kadar air benih pada kemasan HDPE meningkatselama penyimpanan dan berkorelasi positif dengan penambahan bobot. Kecepatan putaran mesin (rpm) perontokan berpengaruh nyata terhadap butir rusak, dimana rpm tinggi memiliki korelasi positif dengan peningkatan butir rusak. Kadar FFA < 0.4% hingga penyimpanan bulan ke enam. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa kemasan plastik hermetik memiliki kemampuan paling baik untuk mempertahankan kadar air dan menghambat penambahan bobot benih kedelai yang disimpan, yang diikuti oleh kemasan plastik vakum dan HDPE. Benih kedelai yang disimpan pada plastik HDPE, plastik hermetik dan plastik vakum memiliki daya kecambah ≥70% hingga penyimpanan 6 bulan dan kadar air < 10%.

Pengaruh Lama Pengukusan terhadap Mutu Fisik Beras Pratanak pada Beberapa Varietas Gabah Esa Ghanim Fadhallah; Rokhani Hasbullah; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractParboiled rice processing begins with a process of paddy soaking and steaming. These processes are intended to improve physical quality and lower the glycemic index so it fits for diabetic and diet purposes. Objective of this study was to assess the effect of soaking time and temperature on paddy moisture content and effect of steaming time on milling yield and physical quality of parboiled rice in some paddy varieties. The stages of the research was determination of soaking time and temperature, processing of parboiled rice, milling yield analysis, and physical properties analysis. The result showed that paddy soaking at 60oC takes 3 - 5 hours to reach moisture content of 25 – 30%, whereas at 30oC takes more than 7 hours. Steaming of Ciherang paddy for 20 minutes resulted the highest head rice yield (72.52 ± 5.00%). Parboiling condition that recommended was soaking paddy on 60oC for 4 hours and steaming for 20 minutes using Ciherang paddy variety.AbstrakPengolahan beras pratanak diawali dengan proses perendaman dan pengukusan gabah. Proses tersebut dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan mutu fisik dan menurunkan nilai indeks glikemik dari beras yang dihasilkan sehingga cocok dikonsumsi penderita diabetes dan untuk keperluan diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan waktu perendaman terhadap kadar air gabah dan mengkaji pengaruh lama pengukusan terhadap rendemen giling dan mutu fisik beras pratanak pada beberapa varietas gabah. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penentuan suhu dan waktu perendaman, pembuatan beras pratanak, analisis rendemen giling dan analisis mutu fisik beras pratanak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman pada suhu 60oC membutuhkan waktu 3 - 5 jam untuk mencapai kadar air gabah 25 – 30%, sedangkan pada suhu 30oC membutuhkan waktu lebih dari 7 jam. Pengukusan 20 menit pada gabah varietas Ciherang menghasilkan rendemen beras kepala tertinggi, yaitu 72.52 ± 5.00%. Kondisi proses pratanak yang direkomendasikan adalah perendaman gabah pada suhu 60oC selama 4 jam dan pengukusan selama 20 menit menggunakan gabah varietas Ciherang.

Kombinasi Teknologi Kemasan dan Bahan Tambahan Untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Kolang Kaling Amarilia Harsanti Dameswari; Emmy Darmawati; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 5 No. 3 (2017): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

Abstract Gumoti palm is one of health food with minimal post-harvest treatment that caused damage and limited range of distribution. The damage that Occurs in gumoti palm is brown discoloration caused by oxidation of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Prevention of the damage can be done by reducing the oxygen as a source of oxidation reactions. The use of packaging, soaked water and substance a citric acid can reduce enzymatic browning reactions that lead to color deterioration of gumoti palm. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the ratio of water, the concentration of citric acid from lime and packaging technology to discoloration on the surface of gumoti palm during storage. The first stage is the determination of the ratio of water gumoti palm and citric acid concentration of lime was best to maintain the quality. Water ratio studied were 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3 being the concentration of citric acid were 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Storage was at room temperature to accelerate change in the quality as a result of this preliminary study are used in the research stage into two. The second stage was to determine the packaging technology combined with materials. The variations of packaging techology by vacuum and non vacuum. Gumoti palm stored at 5OC until the sample was broken. Quality parameters measured include, color, galactomannan content, texture (hardness). The best results was gumoti palm with addition of citric acid 0.1% of lime is able to maintain color preference level is still acceptable to consumers up to 9 days of storage However the effect on the change in taste with consumer acceptanceondy until 6 days after storage at 5OC. Packaging pouch made from PE + nylon combined with water (ratio 1: 3) and citric acid 0.1% were able to retain their galactomanan of 40.18 % to 31.48%. Abstrak Kolang kaling merupakan sumber pangan kesehatan yang masih minim perlakuan pascapanennya sehingga cepat rusak dan terbatas jangkauan pemasarannya. Kerusakan yang terjadi pada kolang kaling adalah perubahaan warna akibat reaksi oksidasi enzymatic browning. Penggunaan kemasan, perendaman air dan pemberian larutan jeruk nipis sebagai sumber asam sitrat alami dapat mengurangi enzymatic browning dan mempertahankan mutu kolang kaling. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji pengaruh rasio air dan konsentrasi asam sitrat dari jeruk nipis dan teknologi kemasan untuk mempertahankan mutu kolang kaling selama penyimpanan. Tahap pertama penelitian adalah penentuan rasio air dan konsentrasi asam sitrat dari jeruk nipis yang terbaik dalam mempertahankan mutu. Rasio air yang dikaji adalah 1:1,1:2 dan 1:3 sedangkan konsentrasi asam sitrat adalah 0.1%, 0.5% dan 1%, yang disimpan pada suhu ruang untuk mengetahui penurunan mutu selama penyimpanan. Hasil dari penelitian pendahuluan, kemudian digunakan pada tahap ke dua penelitian. Penelitian tahap ke dua adalah menentukan teknologi kemasan yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan tambahan untuk mempertahankan mutu selama penyimpanan. Teknologi kemasan yang digunakan adalah teknologi vakum dan non vakum. Kolang kaling disimpan pada suhu 5OC hingga sampel mengalami kerusakan. Parameter mutu yang di amati adalah warna, kadar galaktomanan, dan kekerasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio air dengan kolang kaling yang terbaik adalah 1:3 dan konsentrasi larutan jeruk nipis yang terbaik adalah 0.1%. Teknologi pengemasan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan, warna dan kekerasan kolang kaling dalam penyimpanan suhu 5oC sedang yang berpengaruh adalah jenis kemasan PE dan PE+nylon dengan hasil terbaik adalah kemasan PE+nylon. Kemasan pouch berbahan PE+nylon yang dikombinasikan dengan air dan asam sitrat 0.1% mampu mempertahankan kandungan galaktomanan dari 40.18% menjadi 31.48%.

Pengaruh Praperlakuan Medan Elektrostatik Tinggi terhadap Mutu Tomat Ceri (Lycopersico esculentum var. cerasiforme) selama Penyimpanan Redika Ardi Kusuma; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho; Dyah Wulandani
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractCherry tomatoes are categorized as high value agricultural product. However, the short ripening period accompanied by declining quality due to ongoing respiration and poor postharvest handling became a constraint to the marketability. Therefore, it’s necessary to select a treatment that can maintain quality bydelaying ripening. High electrostatic field (HEF) pretreatment, a non-chemical and low energy techniques, was known to be a viable method to delay fruit ripening. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of field strength and exposure time of HEF pretreatment on postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes duringstorage. The fruits were treated by HEF of 1, 2, or 3 kV/cm in strength for 1 or 2 hours in a parallel plate electrode system. Then, all fruits were stored at 13oC, 85-90% RH for up to 21 days and regularly measured for respiration rate and quality. The results showed that HEF was able to reduce fruit weight loss 1.2-1.9 times and the effect increases with increasing field strength. Fruit softening percentage also became lower when the field strength and exposure time increased. Climacteric peak successfully postponed for 3 days in all HEF pretreatment, which the greatest emphasis of respiration rate was in 2 kV/cm for 2 hours pretreatment. HEF pretreatment capable of maintaining high level fruit total soluble solids (TSS), despite the field strengh and exposure time had no significant effect. AbstrakBuah tomat ceri termasuk komoditas pertanian bernilai tinggi. Namun, periode pematangan yang singkat disertai penurunan mutu akibat masih berlangsungnya respirasi dan penanganan pascapanen yang kurangbaik menjadi kendala pemasarannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perlakuan yang dapat mempertahankan mutu dengan menunda pematangan. Praperlakuan medan elektrostatik tinggi (HEF), suatu teknik non kimia dan rendah energi, diketahui menjadi metode yang layak untuk menunda pematangan buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kuat medan dan lama pemaparan praperlakuan HEF terhadap mutu pascapanen buah tomat ceri selama penyimpanan. Buah dikenai pemaparan HEF dengan kuat medan 1, 2, atau 3 kV/cm selama 1 atau 2 jam dalam sistem elektroda plat paralel. Buah lalu disimpan dalam refrigerator 13oC, 85-90% RH selama 21 hari untuk kemudian diukur laju respirasi dan mutunya secara berkala. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa HEF mampu mengurangi susut bobot buah 1.2-1.9 kali dan efeknya meningkat dengan bertambahnya kuat medan. Persentase pelunakan juga makin rendah saat kuat medan dan lama pemaparan HEF meningkat. Puncak klimakterik berhasil ditunda selama 3 hari pada semua perlakuan HEF, dengan penekanan laju respirasi paling besar pada perlakuan 2 kV/cm 2 jam. Perlakuan HEF mampu mempertahankan total padatan terlarut (TPT) buah tetap tinggi meskipun kuatmedan dan lama pemaparan tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

Desain Kemasan Buah Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) untuk Distribusi dan Pemasaran dalam Satuan Eceran (Ritel) Andi Marlisa Bossa Samang; Emmy Darmawati; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractRambutan is a top fruit from Indonesia, but it has not been get a good postharvest handling. One of the less postharvest handling is using of distribution packaging or retail marketing on fruit stores. The purpose of this research were designing a retail packaging made from polypropylene (PP) film and distribution packaging made from corrugated board. The stages of this research were to determine weight per unitpackaging of rambutan (retail and distribution), dimension of primary and secondary packaging, and analyze the efficiency of packaging arrangement on pallet. Rambutan cv. Lebak was picked from Subang, West Java Province with grade A fruit. The weight average of rambutan was 34.53 ± 2.32 g with individual volume was 21.29 cm3. The weight per retail packaging was 0.5 kg and each distribution packaging contain 4 packaging retail of rambutan. Based on the data, dimension of primary packaging was 12.5 x 12.5 x 15 cm that formed pouch bag with perforated (30 holes). Position of holes were placed with two options on the packaging surface. The RSC type secondary packaging was 28.5 x 28.5 x 16.5 cm for square packaging and the size 33.5 c 20.5 x 16.5 cm for rectangle packaging made from BC flute kraft 150 g. The simulation result shows efficiency of packaging arrangement above pallet should use size 1200 x 1000 mm (effieciency 81.22%) for square packaging and on pallet size 1067 x 1067 mm (effieciency 90.50%) for rectangle packaging.AbstrakRambutan merupakan buah unggulan Indonesia, namun belum mendapat penanganan pascapanen yang memadai. Salah satu penanganan yang masih minim adalah penggunaan kemasan dalam distribusi maupun penjualan di toko buah dalam bentuk eceran (ritel). Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang kemasan ritel berbahan plastik polypropylene (PP) dan kemasan distribusi berbahan karton gelombang. Tahapanpenelitian adalah penentuan satuan berat per kemasan (eceran dan distribusi), dimensi kemasan primer dan sekunder serta efisiensi penyusunan kemasan pada pallet untuk handling. Buah rambutan yang digunakan adalah varietas Lebak mutu A dari Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat dengan berat rata-rata 34.53 ± 2.32 g dan volume 21.29 ± 2.45 cm3. Berat per kemasan eceran dibuat 0.5 kg dan tiap kemasan distribusi berisi 4 buah kemasan eceran. Berdasarkan data tersebut, diperoleh dimensi kemasan primer 12.5 x 12.5 x 15 cm dibentuk pouch dengan jumlah perforasi 30 lubang yang diletakkan dengan dua pilihan posisi dipermukaan kemasan. Kemasan sekunder tipe RSC berukuran 28.5 x 28.5 x 16.5 cm untuk bentuk kotak dan 33.5 x 20.5 x 16.5 cm untuk bentuk persegi dengan bahan flute BC dari kertas kraft 150. Hasil simulasi penyusunan kemasan diatas palet menunjukkan, untuk bentuk kotak sebaiknya menggunakan palet ukuran 1200 x 1000 mm (efisiensi 81.22%), bentuk persegi menggunakan palet ukuran 1067 x 1067mm (efisiensi 90.50%).

Kajian Efikasi Asap Cair dan Karakterisasi Film Lilin Lebah dan Asap Cair untuk Mencegah Serangan Cendawan pada Buah Salak Pondoh Baskara Edi Nugraha; Usman Ahmad; Lilik Eko Pujantoro Nugroho
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractSalak pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw) is one of the export fruit commodities in Indonesia that is easily exposed to fruit base rot diseases. Coating treatment can be used to prevent the deseases . This research aims to analyze and determine the best composition of beeswax and liquid smoke as coating material. The study consisted of several stages, the first stage was testing of liquid smoke antifungal activity, second was making of film solution, the third was film making with the concentration of beeswax (3%; 5% and 8%) and liquid smoke (1; 2.5 and 5%) using casting or printing techniques, fourth stage was selection of the best beeswax and liquid smoke combination in the solution. Three parameters of the films was evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of 5% liquid smoke was able to inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis sp. up to 7 days after iniculation. The films had a ΔE film values ranging from 2.21-5.93, thicknesses values were from 0.07-0.16 mm, and WVTR values were from 3.05-4.63 g/m2.24jam. The combination 5% liquid smoke and 8% produces a film formulation that has good characteristics that can be applied as a fruit coating to prevent fruit base desease on salak pondoh.AbstrakSalak pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor penting di Indonesia. yang mudah rusak dan mudah terserang penyakit busuk buah pada bagian pangkalnya. Metode pelapisan lilin dan asap cair dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menentukan karakteristik dan komposisi lilin lebah dan asap cair terbaik sebagai pelapis buah salak pondoh. Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pertama uji aktivitas anti cendawan asap cair, tahap kedua pembuatan larutan film tahap ketiga pembuatan film dengan konsentrasi beeswax (3%, 5% dan 8%) dan asap cair (1; 2.5 dan 50%) menggunakan teknik casting atau cetak, tahap pemilihan larutan film lilin lebah dan asap cair terbaik. Ketebalan, WVTR, dan warna film dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi asap cair 5% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Thielaviopsis sp. hingga 7 HSI. Film lilin lebah dan asap cair yang dibuat memiliki nilai kekeruhan film berkisar 2.21-5.93, ketebalan berkisar 0.07–0.16 mm, dan nilai WVTR berkisar 3.05-4.63 g/m2.24jam. Kombinasi asap cair 5% dan beeswax 8% menghasilkan formulasi film yang memiliki permeabilitas uap air dan sifat anti cendawan yang baik sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai pelapis buah salak pondoh untuk mencegah serangan penyakit busuk pangkal buah.

Investigasi Penyakit Busuk Ujung Lancip Buah Salak pada Rantai Pasok Jamaludin Jamaludin; Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho; Emmy Darmawati
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractSalak fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) which is not handled properly during distribution and marketing will be damaged. The biggest damage caused by rot disease on the taper tip of the fruit, which has an impact on postharvest losses and market rejection. The aims of this study were to examine supply chain pattern of salak pondoh, rot disease causative microorganisms on the salak's taper tip and the magnitude of postharvest losses due to the rot disease. Data were collected by survey method to obtain the pattern of supply chain and postharvest losses rate. Surveys (interviews and observations) were conducted in each of the supply chain actors at salak pondoh production centers, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Laboratory observations to identify disease causative microorganisms were conducted using single spore isolation method on the PDA and fungi morphological observations. The results of the investigation of supply chain patterns in Sleman Regency, in general, there are three patterns, namely supply chain for the distribution of traditional markets, modern markets, and export markets. Total postharvest losses along those supply chains were 22.89%, 11.27%, and 6.26%, respectively. The results of isolation were obtained five fungus isolates, namely Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Honhel (58.4%) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides section (19.48%), Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenberg) Vuillemin (15.58%), Mucor sp. (3.90%), and Mycelia sterilia (2.60%). Based on the level of findings, the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa was the main causative microorganisms of rot disease on the salak pondoh's taper tip.AbstrakBuah salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) yang tidak ditangani dengan baik selama distribusi dan pemasaran akan rusak. Kerusakan terbesar adalah karena penyakit busuk ujung lancip buah salak yang berdampak pada kehilangan pascapanen dan penolakan pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji pola rantai pasok salak pondoh, jenis mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit busuk ujung lancip buah salak, dan besarnya tingkat kehilangan pascapanen yang disebabkannya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei untuk memperoleh pola rantai pasok salak pondoh dan tingkat kehilangan pascapanen. Survei (wawancara dan observasi) dilakukan di setiap pelaku rantai pasok di sentra produksi salak pondoh, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Pengamatan laboratorium untuk mengidentifikasi mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit dilakukan dengan metode isolasi spora tunggal pada PDA dan pengamatan morfologi cendawan. Hasil investigasi pola rantai pasok di Kabupaten Sleman secara umum terdapat tiga pola yaitu rantai pasok untuk distribusi pasar tradisional, pasar modern dan pasar ekspor. Total kehilangan pascapanen sepanjang rantai pasoknya masing-masing adalah 22.89%, 11.27%, dan 6.26%. Hasil isolasi diperoleh lima isolat cendawan yaitu Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Honhel (58.4%), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides section (19.48%), Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenberg) Vuillemin (15.58%), Mucor sp. (3.90%), dan Mycelia sterilia (2.60%). Berdasarkan besarnya tingkat temuan, cendawan Thielaviopsis paradoxa merupakan mikroorganisme penyebab utama busuk ujung lancip buah salak pondoh.

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