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All Journal Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Conservative Dentistry Journal

Sri Kunarti

Department Of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty Of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Author-ID : 3196619

Dentistry

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Konsentrasi Efektif Daya Antibiofilm Kitosan Cangkang Udang terhadap Streptococcus Viridans (The Effective Concentration of Antibiofilms Capacity from Shrimp Shells Chitosan towards Streptococcus Viridans) Nur Ariska Nugrahani; Sri Kunarti; Laksmiari Setyowatie
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background.Periapical tooth infection is one of infection problems which often happens such as abscess periapical which is caused by bacteria. The bacteria which can form biofilms is named streptococcus viridans. It is resistant towards an antibacterial agent. Chitosan made of shrimp shells is used as a natural antibiofilms agent for streptococcus viridans. Purpose.To determine the effective concentration of antibiofilms capacity from shrimp shells chitosan towards streptococcus viridans. Method.The research method used in this research is laboratory experimental research. The research design is post-test only controlgroup design. Streptococcus viridans is given vortex until it becomes homogeneous with standard turbidity McFarland of 0.5, than, it is planted inside a microtitter plate using TSB Glu for 5x24 hours. At last, Streptococcus viridans is colored using crystal violet and the picture of biofilms is observed using inverted microscope. Chitosan liquid diluted through various concentration 0.195%, 0.39%, 0.78%, 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% are going to be added to the microtitter plate and being incubated for 24 hours. The interpretation of the result on the longitude of the wave through optical density is 570nm. Result.There is a significant difference between the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39% and the control group. Chitosan’s effective concentration in resisting the biofilms is 50%. The result is determined by statistical analysis. Conclusion.The effective concentration to resist the formation of Streptococcus viridans biofilms using shrimp shells chitosan is 50%.

Daya Hambat Aktivitas Enzim Glukosiltransferase (Gtf) Streptococcus mutans Oleh Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.) A. Amanda; Sri Kunarti; Agus Subiwahjudi
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria which has glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and acts as the main agent that causes dental caries. GTF enzyme will convert sucrose into fructose and glucan. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is one of the traditional herbs which has xanthorrhizol, curcumin, flavonoid, tanin, and saponin as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) to the activity of GTF enzyme Streptococcus mutans. Method: This research used 25%, 37,5%, and 50% concentration of temulawak extract as the treatment, and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as a control. The method of this research consists of three steps; preparing the temulawak extract concentration of 25%, 37,5%, and 50%, preparing the GTF enzyme from the supernatant of Streptococcus mutans, and testing GTF enzyme activity by analyzing the fructose concentration using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Perusal of the fructose area was based on the retention time of fructose. One unit of GTF enzyme activity is defined as the 1 μmol fructose / ml of enzyme / hour. Result: The obtained data then were analyzed by Post-Hoc Tukey (HSD). The result showed a significant difference between each treatment group with the control group (p<0.05). Conclussion: This research concludes that temulawak extract with 25%, 37,5%, and 50% concentrationcan’t inhibit the GTF enzyme activity of Streptococcus mutans.

Kemampuan hambat ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus mutans Erin Imaniar B; Sri Kunarti; Widya Saraswati
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background : Streptococcus mutans is the most cariogenic microorganism in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans has the ability to use dietary carbohydrates, such as sucrose, to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (glucan and fructan) through glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Extracellular polysaccharide has a role in promoting the adhesion of bacteria. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard as antiplaque agent but chlorhexidine is not fully able to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria because it has an effect that can increase gtfC and gtfD expression on S. mutans in planktonic form. Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) contains of curcumin, xanthorrhizol, saponin, flavonoid and tannin that have an effect to inhibit activity and secretion of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find out the ability of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) to inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Method: This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post test only control group design using Streptococcus mutans. Temulawak was extracted using maceration method. The number of bacteria that can perform adhesion to the tooth surface can be determined by performing calculations using formulas plate count method. Result: Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) at concentrations of 25%, 37.5%, 50% and chlorhexidine can inhibit bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: Temulawak extract at concentration of 50% and 37.5% has the best ability to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria among other treatment groups.

Efek Antibiofilm Glass Ionomer Cements dan Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Terhadap Lactobacillus acidophilus Elsandra Novita Halim; Karlina Samadi; Sri Kunarti
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Risk factors for developing secondary caries are similar to those resulting in primary caries. The marginal seal of a restoration is one of the important factors predicting clinical success. The antibiofilm effect of materials used for the luting cement of oral function affects oral health. Antibiofilm properties of dental luting materials such as Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) may improve the restorative treatment outcome. Purpose: This experiment evaluates the antibiofilm effect of GIC and RMGIC on Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro. Method: Lactobacillus acidophilus served as test microorganism. The quantitative microtiter plate biofilm assays were used to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of the dental luting materials on early-stage biofilm using a direct contact test (DCT) then continued by reading of Optical Density (OD) of biofilm using ELISA reader at a wavelength of 570nm. Result: GIC and RMGIC showed a decrease of OD value from negative control in all groups. The materials’ elute had effect on both bacterial growth with GIC higher then RMGIC to inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm formation. Conclusion: The antibiofilm effect of GIC more effective than RMGIC to inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm formation.

PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN ENAMEL SETELAH APLIKASI FLUORIDE VARNISH DAN CASEIN PHOSPO PEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALSIUM PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE (CPP-ACPF) (PENELITIAN IN VITRO) Sinta Puspita; Adioro Soetojo; Sri Kunarti
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Caries is a chronic, slowly progressing disease, with symptoms not detected at the onset of the disease but generally much later. Its initiation is associated with demineralization (calcium and phosphate loss) of subsurface tooth enamel, resulting in the formation of a subsurface lesion. To restore the natural equilibrium, either remineralization must be enhanced or demineralization must be retarded. There are some topical agents that can enhance remineralization such as topical fluor and casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences of the enamel surface microhardness after application of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACPF. Methode: 27 blocks bovine enamel were devided into 3 groups. Group 1 – control (No surface treatment), group 2 – fluoride varnish and group 3 – CPP-ACPF. Initial surface hardness enamel was measured for all enamel specimens. Artificial enamel carious lesions were created by immersing enamel samples to demineralization solution (pH 4,5) for 72 hours at temperature 370 C. The surface microhardness of demineralized enamel specimens was measured. A caries progression test (pH cycling) was carried out, which consisted of alternative demineralization (3 hours), remineralization with artificial saliva (21 hours) and application topical agent twice a day for 14 days. Then, the last surface enamel microhardness is measured. Result: Group 3 showed significantly highest Vickers hardness number (P<0,05) followed by group 2 and the lowest is group 1. Conclusions: This study proved that enamel surface microhardness after application of CPP-ACPF was higher than fluoride varnish.

EFFICACY OF DIODE LASSER 405 NM WITH CHLOROPHYLLS AS PHOTOSENSITIZER ON Enterococcus faecalis Sri Kunarti; Amellia Tjandra; Edhie Arif Prasetyo
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure. The most commonly found bacteria that cause persistent infection is Enterococcus faecalis. PDI / photodynamic inactivation is an in vitro approach to inactivation of microorganisms. The combination of light and photosensitivity of chlorophyll in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Long radiation of PDT can affect the production of singlet oxygen and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) to kill Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Objective: To prove the effect of 405 nm laser diode with and without chlorophyll photosensitizer and the irradiation effect of 405 nm laser diode on the number of CFU of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method: This study used the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cultur which was divided into 5 groups. Group I as control group, Group II irradiation 30 ', III chlorophyll + irradiation 30', IV irradiation 60 ', V chlorophyll + irradiation 60'. After incubation, the bacteria count was calculated with Quebec Colony Counter and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test and Anova test. Results: There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the number of colonies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in each treatment group. Longer duration of PDT exposure (Group II and IV) with chlorophyll showed less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer the PDT irradiation, the less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The 60-second radiation with chlorophyll showed the least amount of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TIME IRRADIATION BY LASER DIODE 650 NM AND PHOTOSENSITIZER Methylene Blue ON DECREASING THE NUMBER OF MIXED BACTERIAL COLONIES FROM NECROTIC ROOT CANAL Nadya Ayusandra Larasati; Kun Ismiyatin; Sri Kunarti
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background. Pulp necrosis is defined as the irreversible death of pulp tissue. It clinically observed by the destruction of its own tissue. The primary etiology of pulp necrosis is irritation due to bacterial infection. The treatment for pulp necrosis is root canal treatment with a success percentage ranging from 40-93% based on cavities with minimal bacteria that can be sterilized. One method of sterilization using Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), which uses laser diodes is currently being developed in the field of conservative dentistry, but there are still many differences of opinion regarding the ideal amount of time of laser radiation or photoactivation used to reduce the number of bacteria, especially in root canals. Aim. To determine the effective radiation time of the 650 nm wavelength laser diode with Methylene Blue Photosensitizer in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals. Method. This research is a laboratory experimental study with 30 samples and 6 groups with different durations of irradiation namely 45, 60, 75 and 90 seconds. Results. It was found that there was a decrease in the number of mixed bacterial colonies within necrotic root canals with the obtained p-value of the ANOVA test results being <0.05. This shows that there is a significant difference between the amounts of mixed bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals in each treatment group. Conclusion. Diode laser radiation with a wavelength of 650 nm with duration of 90 seconds of radiation and Methylene Blue Photosensitizer is an effective time in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic teeth compared to the duration of radiation of 45, 60 and 75 seconds.

Effect of 405 nm Diode Laser with Varying Irradiation Time on BHK-21 Fibroblast Viability Kun Ismiyatin; Leidy Herlin Rumbiak; Widya Saraswati; Sri Kunarti; Anuj Bhardwaj
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation; it can be used for surgery, detoxification, bio stimulation and antibacterial. However, lasers have Biphasic Dose Response (BDR), which is bio stimulation and bio inhibition. To determine if 405 nm laser diode is biocompatible, viability test is necessary before these lasers can be labeled as viable to use in dental therapy. Aim: To prove the variation of radiation time of the 405 nm laser diode radiation can cause bio stimulation and bio inhibition response that affects the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Method: Viability test was carried out using BHK-21 fibroblast cells which were inserted into 96-well microplate, then radiated with 405 nm laser diode with varying irradiation time of 30s, 60s, 120s, 240s and 480s. After radiation, the cells are then incubated for 24h. Cytotoxicity was observed using MTT assay and ELISA reader. Data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene Test, Welch ANOVA, and Tukey HSD. Results: BHK-21 fibroblast cells radiated with 405 nm laser diode with radiation time of 30s, 60s, 120s, and 240s have the same viability as the control cell, while at 480 seconds the viability exceeds that of the control cell. Conclusion: 405 nm laser diode with radiation times of 30s, 60s, 120s, and 240s do not affect the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Meanwhile, 480s irradiation time of 405 nm laser diode causes bio stimulation response that increases the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells.

Effect of Different Radiation Times on the Antibacterial Ability of Laser Diodes (650 nm) on Streptococcus mutans Sri Kunarti; S. Sukaton; Ajeng Hayyuning Citrasari
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Streptococccus mutans is an acid-producing gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the tooth surface and causes damage to the hard tissue of the tooth. S. mutans is known as the main agent that causes caries. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consisting of photosensitizers and a light source, such as a laser beam, is considered to have an antibacterial effect on S. mutans. However, the factors that influence the antibacterial effects of the lasers, such as the amount of energy, wavelength, use of photosensitizer, and the duration of radiation still need to be studied. Aim: To determine the effective time(duration) of 650 nm laser diode radiation as an antibacterial agent against S. mutans after 30, 45, 60, and 75 seconds of radiation. Method: 30 samples were divided into 6 groups; (1) S. mutans without methylene blue (MB) and laser, (2) S. mutans with MB, but without a laser, (3) S. mutans with MB and laser for 30 seconds, (4) 45 seconds, (5) 60 seconds, and (6) 75 seconds. After treatment, all samples were cultured and incubated for 48 hours then colony counts were carried out in each group. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD Test with a p value of <0.05. Results: The ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed a significant difference in each group. Conclusion: 650 nm laser diode radiation with a duration of 75 seconds is an effective time as an antibacterial against S. mutans compared to 30, 45 and 60 seconds.

The Number Of Lactobacillus acidophilus After Using Chlorhexidine 2%, Laser Diode (405 nm), And Combination Of Chlorhexidine 2% With Laser Diode (405 nm) Sri Kunarti; Sukaton Sukaton; Nadya Nathania
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is gram-positive bacteria that produces acids from carbohydrates and causing dental caries. Caries treatment is done by the cavitation of teeth which is preceded by cavity disinfection. The purpose of cavity disinfection is to kill microorganisms and reduce the risk of new carious lesions. Bacterial elimination can be done using chlorhexidine and laser. Chlorhexidine is widely used for cleaning cavities but cannot remove biofilms, tissue debris and has limited elimination of bacteria in the dentinal tubules. Another way to eliminate bacteria is using Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) which consists of photosensitizer and laser. Until now there has not been a single ingredient that is considered to cleanse the cavity thoroughly. There has been no research yet that examine the number of Lactobacillus acidophilus after using chlorhexidine 2%, laser diode (405 nm), and combination of 2% chlorhexidine with laser diode (405 nm). Objective: To compare the decreasing number of living Lactobacillus acidophilus after using chlorhexidine 2%, laser diode (405 nm), and combination of chlorhexidine 2% with laser diode (405 nm). Methods: A total of 24 samples of Lactobacillus acidophilus were divided into 4 groups: (I) chlorhexidine 2%, (II) chlorophyll photosensitizer and 75 seconds irradiation, (III) combination of chlorhexidine2%, chlorophyll photosensitizer, and 75 seconds irradiation. After treatment, the sample was incubated 48 hours and the colony count was calculated for each group. Results of the analysis were carried out by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests with p <0.05. Results: The average number of group colonies (I) was 35.33 CFU/ml, (II) 16.83 CFU/ml, (III) 9.5 CFU/ml, (IV) 123.33 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The combination of 2% chlorhexidine with diode laser (405 nm) gives the least amount of living Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria compared with the administration of 2% chlorhexidine and laser diode (405 nm).

Co-Authors A. Amanda Adioro Soetojo Agus Subiwahjudi Ajeng Hayyuning Citrasari Amellia Tjandra Ananta Tantri Budi Andrie Handy Kusuma Anin Dita Anuj Bhardwaj Ari Subiyanto Aulia Ramadhani Ceples Dian Kartika W.P Cindy Ramadhan Putri Dawailatur Rahman Setiady Debby Fauziah Suryani Dur Muhammad Lashari Dur Muhammad Lashari Edhie Arief P Edhie Arif Prasetyo Elsandra Novita Halim Erin Imaniar B Evri Kusumah Ningtyas Fauziah Diajeng Retnaningsih Ira Widjiastuti Irfan Dwiandhono Ivan Nur Fadela Karlina Samadi Kun Ismiyatin Laksmiari Setyowatie Laskmiari Setyowati Leidy Herlin Rumbiak Meidi Kurnia Ariani Muhammad Dimas Aditya Ari Nadhifa Salma Nadira Nurin Febrianti Nadira Nurin Febrianti Nadya Ayusandra Larasati Nadya Nathania Nanik Zubaidah Nirawati Pribadi Nur Ariska Nugrahani Raditya Nugroho Riski Setyo Avianti Ruslan Effendy Setyabudi Setyabudi Sinta Puspita Sukaton, Sukaton Tasya Nafatila Tasya Nafatila Chalisha Vina Zavira Nizar Widya Saraswati

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