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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Jurnal Res Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Jurnal Riset Indragiri Jurnal Penelitian Serambi Hukum Jurnal As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Firman Adi Candra
Universitas Mathlaul Anwar Banten
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Membedah Isu Pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia: Studi Kasus dan Respons Hukum terhadap Siklus Pelanggaran Sistematis ⁠Ida Komala; Robert Sangkala; Satria Ari Wibowo; Roif Roif; Ali Asari; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10284

Abstract

This article analyzes human rights violations in Indonesia, focusing on the systematic cycle of violations involving state apparatus and government policies. Through in-depth analysis of recent case studies such as the repression of protesters, the Kanjuruhan tragedy, conflicts in Papua, and criminalization via UU ITE, the article critically examines legal responses within Indonesia's positive law framework. Legal sources reviewed include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 26 of 2000 on Human Rights Courts, Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law No. 2 of 2002 on Polri, Law No. 34 of 2004 on TNI, and various related Government Regulations (PP) and Presidential Decrees (Keppres). Findings indicate that despite legislative efforts and the establishment of institutions like Komnas HAM, implementation remains weak due to impunity, politicization, lack of accountability, and structural resistance to change. This condition perpetuates a cycle of violations that erodes public trust and hinders democratic consolidation. This study aims to identify the root causes of this cycle and provide comprehensive recommendations for strengthening law enforcement, including structural reforms, enhanced institutional capacity, and the promotion of a human rights culture across all government levels and society. This analysis is relevant for policymakers, legal academics, human rights activists, and the broader Indonesian public in their efforts to achieve substantive justice and comprehensive human rights protection.
Dinamika Legislasi dan Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia Tahun 2025: Studi Implementasi UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 (UU PPSK) dan Dampaknya Ikbal Ikbal; Kemal Abi; Sayyid Alif; ⁠Jueni ⁠Jueni; Dwi Wahyu Endarto; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10285

Abstract

This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of legislation and legal reform in Indonesia in 2025, with a primary focus on the implementation of Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning Financial Sector Development and Strengthening (PPSK Law). The background of this study is the urgency of strengthening financial sector regulations to maintain system stability, protect consumers, and support sustainable economic growth amidst global and domestic challenges. The main objectives are to analyze the substance of the PPSK Law, evaluate its implementation process up to 2025, identify challenges encountered, and measure its impact on the Indonesian financial sector. Employing a normative legal research method enriched with an empirical approach through document analysis and literature review, this study finds that the PPSK Law has brought significant changes in the governance and supervision of the financial sector. Nevertheless, its implementation faces various challenges, including the harmonization of derivative regulations, infrastructure readiness, and business actors' adaptation. Notable impacts include improved stability, consumer protection, and market efficiency, though continuous evaluation is needed to ensure optimal achievement of reform objectives. The research concludes by emphasizing the importance of synergy among institutions and regulatory adaptation to technological innovation.
Melawan Otoritarianisme Digital di Indonesia: Urgensi Reformasi Hukum dan Perlindungan Hak Digital dalam Era Represi 2025 Kemal Abi; Ikbal Ikbal; Sayyid Alif; Jueni Jueni; Dwi Wahyu Endarto; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10287

Abstract

This research examines the escalating phenomenon of digital authoritarianism in Indonesia in 2025, characterized by increased digital repression and human rights violations in cyberspace. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this article analyzes trends in the use of regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) as a tool for repression, restrictions on freedom of expression, data surveillance, and the criminalization of activists and journalists. Significant impacts on civil and political liberties, as well as the vulnerability of minority groups, women, and children, are key highlights. The study emphasizes the urgency of legal reform, including the harmonization of regulations with international human rights principles such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the importance of public participation in legislation. Furthermore, this article offers digital rights protection strategies involving the role of civil society, digital literacy education, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and policy advocacy to counter digital authoritarianism for a just democracy. The research also explores concrete case studies, such as Amnesty International's report on "electoral authoritarianism" in Indonesia and 108 digital rights violations against children by TAUD, and proposes reform models like amending rubber articles in the ITE Law and establishing a Digital Rights Commission. Thus, this study contributes to the discourse on progressive legal research to strengthen juridical argumentation foundations amid the dynamics of digital norms and facts.
Harmonisasi Pengujian Peraturan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Mahkamah Agung sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kepastian Hukum dan Perlindungan Konstitusional Adhe Permana; Rendhi Renaldhi; Siti Nur Ambarini; Iyus YL Tobing; Ihsan Sanjaya; Sena Narenda; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i1.10289

Abstract

The division of authority for judicial review of regulations between the Constitutional Court (MK) and the Supreme Court (MA) often leads to overlapping jurisdiction, differing standards of review, and inconsistent rulings. This situation weakens legal certainty and constitutional protection, which should form the foundation of a rule of law state. This research analyzes the source of this disharmony using a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The study's findings indicate the absence of an integrative mechanism between the two institutions to ensure the alignment of review parameters. Therefore, a harmonization model is required to clearly define the boundaries of authority, synchronize the standards of review, and strengthen the coordination of rulings. This harmonization is projected to enhance the effectiveness of constitutional control and guarantee the protection of citizens' rights more consistently.
Analisis Komprehensif Isu Hak Asasi Manusia Kontemporer Tantangan, Implikasi, dan Prospek Solusi Dwi Wahyu Endarto; Achmad Nasyruddin; Bayu Adhy Nugraha; Jueni Jueni; Ikbal Ikbal; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11303

Abstract

This article comprehensively analyzes contemporary human rights (HR) issues, highlighting the challenges in HR enforcement, their implications for human dignity, and prospects for innovative solutions. Drawing upon international legal frameworks and philosophical perspectives, this research examines how armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, modern discrimination (including in the digital sphere), and the roles of various actors impact HR protection. A qualitative research method using a literature review and document analysis approach is employed to synthesize findings. The study reveals that the politicization of HR issues, erosion of civil liberties, and new technological challenges present unprecedented complexities. The article concludes with strategic recommendations for strengthening legal frameworks, education, and international cooperation to ensure respect for HR in the future.
Eksplorasi Metode Penelitian Ilmu Hukum Kontemporer: Inovasi dan Relevansi dalam Lanskap Hukum Modern Dwi Wahyu Endarto; Achmad Nasyruddin; Bayu Adhy Nugraha; Jueni Jueni; Ikbal Ikbal; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11304

Abstract

This research explores contemporary legal research methods, focusing on their innovations and relevance within the dynamic modern legal landscape. Technological advancements, globalization, and the increasing complexity of legal issues necessitate adaptations in traditional legal research methodologies. This article identifies and analyzes the shift from conventional normative and empirical methods towards more interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and technology-driven approaches, such as LegalTech and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The discussion encompasses the role of AI in predictive analytics, natural language processing, and the automation of legal data retrieval, as well as the application of advanced statistics and big data analysis in enhanced quantitative research. Furthermore, in-depth qualitative methods like legal ethnography and complex case studies are also highlighted. This study also examines the implications, ethical challenges, advantages, and limitations of adopting these new methods in legal research practice and education. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive guide for legal researchers to produce relevant, valid, and comprehensive research in the contemporary era.
Tantangan Pengujian Hukum Pidana Mati dan Pemidanaan Alternatif di KUHP Baru Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Integrasi Pengujian Desi Puspita Anggerina; Rifqy Afrizal Siddik; Toto Hartono; Luthfy Abbad Dudikoff; Ida Muidah; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11305

Abstract

This article analyzes the challenges of judicial review of capital punishment and the integration of alternative sentencing in Indonesia's New Criminal Code (KUHP Baru), Law No. 1 of 2023, from a human rights perspective. The New KUHP reconfigures capital punishment from a primary penalty to an alternative and conditional one, allowing for probationary periods and offering various alternative sanctions such as social work and supervision. While this marks a significant reform aimed at balancing legal certainty and human rights protection, it also introduces complexities in judicial interpretation and implementation. The research questions focus on the challenges in reviewing capital punishment's constitutionality and legality, and the potential along with obstacles in integrating alternative sentencing. Utilizing a normative-juridical approach, this study evaluates the compatibility of the New KUHP's provisions with international human rights standards and explores the prospects for effective integration of alternative penalties. The findings indicate that while the alternative and conditional nature of capital punishment is a step towards humanization, its judicial review remains complex due to inherent human rights implications, particularly the right to life. Furthermore, integrating alternative sentencing requires clear guidelines and adequate infrastructure to ensure justice and rehabilitation. Recommendations include developing clear implementing regulations and enhancing judicial capacity to ensure the effective and humane application of the New KUHP.
Integrasi Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap KUHP Baru Tantangan Harmonisasi Norma Pidana Nasional Sulistiawati Sulistiawati; Muh. Arbai Santoso; Adrian Bimantara; Chandra Evita; Agus Riyadi; Adhe Permana; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11306

Abstract

The New Criminal Code (KUHP Baru), enacted on December 6, 2022, and effective as of January 2, 2026, represents a significant transformation in Indonesia's criminal justice system. Its implementation not only shifts the approach to criminal law from retributive to restorative, but also opens avenues for the integration of legal review by the Constitutional Court (MK) to ensure the harmonization of national criminal norms. This research aims to analyze the mechanisms of MK's integration of reviewing laws and Regional Regulations (Perda) against the New Criminal Code, and its implications for Article 2 of the New Criminal Code regarding living law and formal legality. Furthermore, this study aims to identify and evaluate the challenges of harmonizing national criminal norms in MK's decisions concerning specific cases such as demonstrations, embezzlement, and insult to state institutions after the implementation of the New Criminal Code since 2026. The research method employed is a normative legal approach with secondary data types, including laws and regulations, MK decisions, and related legal literature. The findings indicate that MK plays a crucial role in maintaining the consistency of national criminal law through the constitutional review of the New Criminal Code and its derivatives. However, challenges in harmonizing national criminal norms persist, particularly in the context of Article 2 of the New Criminal Code which recognizes living law and formal legality, as well as in the regulation of specific cases such as demonstrations, embezzlement, and insult to state institutions. This study recommends better coordination among MK, legislative, and executive bodies to avoid normative conflicts and ensure the fair and effective application of criminal law.
Pasal 240-241 KUHP Baru Ancaman "KUHP Karet" bagi Kebebasan Berpendapat di Indonesia 2026 Robert Sangkala; ⁠Ida Komala; Satria Ari Wibowo; Roif Roif; ⁠Ali Asari; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11307

Abstract

This article analyzes Articles 240-241 of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) proposed in the 2023 KUHP, effective as of January 2, 2026, which impose penalties of up to 4 years imprisonment for insults against the government or state institutions. Using a normative-legal research approach, the article explores the potential for these provisions to be interpreted as a "rubber KUHP" that restricts freedom of expression, as reported to the UN. The analysis compares these articles with Article 19 of the 1945 Constitution, the ICCPR Convention, and UN recommendations, alongside potential case studies such as the criminalization of activists. The findings indicate that these provisions risk undermining civil democracy, despite their intent to protect national dignity. This research emphasizes the urgency of revision to maintain balance between state protection and human rights.
Analisis Komprehensif Pasal 2 KUHP Nasional: Konsep Hukum yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat, Tantangan Implementasi, dan Implikasi terhadap Asas Legalitas Pidana Indonesia Robert Sangkala; Ida Komala; Satria Ari Wibowo; Roif Roif; Ali Asari; Firman Adi Candra
As-Syar i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga  Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/as.v8i2.11308

Abstract

The enactment of the National Criminal Code (KUHP Nasional) through Law No. 1 of 2023, effective from January 2, 2026, marks a paradigm shift in Indonesian criminal law by introducing Article 2, which recognizes "living law" (hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat) as a supplementary source of criminal liability. This study employs a normative legal research approach to analyze the philosophical foundations, juridical construction, and practical challenges of Article 2 in balancing material legality with formal legality principles. Two key research problems are addressed: (1) the alignment of living law with the legality principle (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali), and (2) implementation challenges in diverse Indonesian contexts. Findings reveal that while Article 2 promotes restorative justice and cultural pluralism aligned with Pancasila, it risks interpretive ambiguity and potential violations of human rights standards. Recommendations include regulatory harmonization and judicial training. This research contributes to the discourse on modernizing Indonesia's pluralistic criminal justice system.
Co-Authors Achmad Nasyruddin Adhe Permana Adhe Permana Adrian Bimantara Adzan Dylan Caesarrio Agus Prasetyo Agus Riyadi Agus Riyadi Ahmad Zaki Rayhan Ali Asari Arif Hardiyanto Arif Hardiyanto Bayu Adhy Nugraha Chandra Evita Desi Puspita Anggerina Dwi Wahyu Endarto Eko Purwanto Eko Purwanto Endah Ratnawati Endah Ratnawati Fadly Surya Wijaya Furqon Furqon Herawati Herawati Ida Komala Ida Muidah Ida Muidah Ihsan Sanjaya Ikbal Ikbal Imron Nurfatah Iyus YL Tobing Iyus YL Tobing Jueni Jueni Kemal Abi Luthfy Abbad Dudikoff Maman Dana Darmana Masharin Masharin Masharin Mochamad Ridzky Salatun Mochammad Ridzky Salatun Mochammad ridzky salatun Muh Arbai Santoso Muh. Arbai Santoso Nita Yunita Nita Yunita Nurlindawati Nurlindawati Rendhi Renaldhi Rendhi Renaldhi Rifqy Afrizal Siddik Rifqy Afrizal Siddik Riska Fitriya Robert Sangkala Robert Sangkala Roif Roif Roif Roif Satria Ari Wibowo Satria Ari Wibowo Sayyid Alif Sena Narenda Sena Narenda Sena Neranda Siti Nur Ambarini Siti Nur Ambarini Sulistiawati Sulistiawati Sulistiawati Toto Hartono Toto Hartono Windi Setiawan Windi Setiawan Witandri Witandri Witandri ⁠Ali Asari ⁠Ali Asari ⁠Ida Komala ⁠Ida Komala ⁠Jueni ⁠Jueni