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All Journal Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Sewagati Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering
Tantular Nurtono
Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 6011
Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Energy Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Abstract

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline and Ionic Liquid Pretreated Coconut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysis Akbarningrum Fatmawati; Ari Anggoro; Kamila Adila Muslim; Arief Widjaja; Tantular Nurtono; Hanny Frans Sangian
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2021 (June 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10306.331-341

Abstract

The problem of crude oil reserve shortage and air quality decline currently have led researches on renewable fuel such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. The attempt to provide such biofuel involves the utilization of enormously available wasted materials, lignocellulose. Coconut husk is one of such materials available in Indonesia. The previous work had reported the quantity of total reducing sugar produced after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated coconut husk. The pretreatment methods used were dilute sodium hydroxide solution (1 and 4% w/v), 1,3-methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid and the combination of both methods. This work focused on constructing the mathematical model which describes the kinetic of those enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Mathematical model expressions help describing as well as predicting the process behavior, which is commonly needed in the process design and control. The development of mathematical model in this work was done based on the total reducing sugar concentration resulted in batch hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters including initial available substrate (S0), maximum reaction rate (rmax), and half-maximum rate constant (KM). According to the values of half-maximum rate constant (KM), the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of coconut husk treated using ionic liquid is better than that treated using dilute alkaline solution as the former had shown lower KM value and hence higher enzyme affinity to the substrate. The best hydrolysis result was performed using combination of 1% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and ionic liquid with kinetic model parameter of 0.5524 g/L.h of rmax, 0.0409 g/L of KM, and 4.1919 g/L of S0. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Pra-Desain Pabrik Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa dengan Metode Steam Explosion Muhammad Abdurrokhim Al Hafiizh; W. Widiyastuti; Tantular Nurtono
Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j2964710X.v3i1.17323

Abstract

Lignoselulosa merupakan bahan organik alami yang paling banyak terdapat di bumi namun selama ini hanya fraksi selulosa yang dimanfaatkan secara komersial. Hal ini tentu menjadi tantangan sekaligus kesempatan baik bagi industri sabut kelapa di Indonesia untuk melakukan diversifikasi produk samping selain mengekspor produk mentahnya saja, namun juga berpotensi menghasilkan produk intermediate yang lebih bernilai ekonomi secara komersial melalui teknologi biorefinery. Tingginya kandungan lignoselulosa dalam sabut kelapa menunjukkan adanya potensi lain yang lebih efektif dan efisien apabila dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan lignoselulosa yang terkandung dalam sabut kelapa untuk menjadikannya sebagai high value-added products. Struktur kokoh dalam lignoselulosa yang secara alami melindungi partikel serat dari gangguan lingkungan, termasuk dapat menahan beban mekanis yang tinggi bahkan resisten terhadap degradasi kimia maupun enzimatis oleh mikroorganisme membuat pengembangan teknologi biorefinery menghadapi banyak tantangan. Karena itu disusunlah studi pra-desain pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa dari sabut kelapa dengan metode steam explosion yang dikombinasikan dengan alkali-acid delignification process. Proses ini mempermudah tahap isolasi komponen-komponen penyusun lignoselulosa (selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin) sehingga memungkinkan untuk dapat dimurnikan sebagai high value-added products dari turunan komoditas kelapa. Setelah preliminary techno-economic analysis dilakukan, diperkirakan kebutuhan investasi untuk membangun pabrik dengan kapasitas olah 33.000ton sabut kelapa/tahun adalah Rp 1,01 triliun dengan Laju Pengembalian Modal (IRR) sebesar 19%. Dengan potensi penerimaan hasil penjualan Rp 600-700 miliar/tahun, diperkirakan Durasi Pengembalian Modal (POT) dapat dicapai selama 8-9 tahun pada Break Even Point di angka 40%. Rancangan ini memerlukan waktu konstruksi lancar 3-5 tahun dengan umur rencana pabrik selama 20 tahun.
Enhancing Cellulose-Gelatin Film Properties for Wound Dressings Application: The Role of Ultrasonic-Assisted Pretreatment Shafira Nur Adiningsih; Sekar Tri Wulan Amelia; Ni Made Intan Putri Suari; Heru Setyawan; Widiyastuti, Widiyastuti; Nurtono, Tantular
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Edition January-April 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2026.015.01.7954

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the cellulose-gelatin film properties using ultrasonic-assisted pretreatment for wound dressing applications. The film is made from cellulose isolated from avocado seed waste, composited with gelatin, and applied citric acid as a crosslinker and antimicrobial agent. The main factor that affects the performance of cellulose in films was dispersion of cellulose within the composite material. To improve cellulose dispersion, cellulose was pretreated using ultrasonic-assisted methods, its effects on film’s properties were investigated and compared with no ultrasonic pretreated cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy revealed more even dispersion in ultrasonic pretreated samples, further confirmed by their chemical bonds analysis. These improvements significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite film, increasing the tensile strength from 0.099 MPa to 0.988 MPa and the percent elongation from 77 % to 106 %. Moreover, films with ultrasonic pretreated cellulose exhibited resilient swelling behavior, indicating better resilience in aqueous environment. Additionally, films revealed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which has inhibition zone against Escherichia coli for CF-nSON and CF-SON are 39 mm and 35, mm respectively. As the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus auerus for CF-nSON and CF-SON are 33 mm and 26.3 mm, respectively. These results are pointing out their performance as wound dressing.
Co-Authors Achmad Dwitama Karisma Achmad Roesyadi Akbarningrum Fatmawati Ali Altway Ari Anggoro Ash Shiddiqi, Qifni Yasa Brario Anindito Fadlilatul Taufany Goto, Motonobu Hanny F. Sangian Heru Setyawan Iva Maula Kamila Adila Muslim Lailatul Qadariyah Luthfia H. Abdillah Machmudah, Siti Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara Muhammad Abdurrokhim Al Hafiizh Muharja, Maktum Mukhaimin, Iman Ni Made Intan Putri Suari Nur Fadhilah Nurkhamidah, Siti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Sekar Tri Wulan Amelia Shafira Nur Adiningsih Siti Machmudah Siti Machmudah Siti Zullaikah Sjarief Widjaja Sumarno Sumarno Suryadi, Joko W. Widiyastuti Wahyudiono, Wahyudiono Widiyastuti Widiyastuti Widiyastuti Widiyastuti Widiyastuti Widiyastuti, Widiyastuti Winardi, Sugeng Winardi, Sugeng Yeni Rahmawati, Yeni Yukh Ihsana