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The Effect of Water Contents to Diesel Fuel-Water Emulsion Fuel Stability Suryadi, Joko; Winardi, Sugeng; Nurtono, Tantular
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 30, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

The declining world oil and gas reserves along with increasing gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption has received serious attention as an urgent problem worldwide. The alternative solution to the problem uses emulsified fuel which is expected to provide better combustion efficiency and will contribute to emission reductions, such as NOx and particulate matter (PM). The one of most important factor in emulsion fuel is its stability. In this work, the effect of water contents to stability of diesel-water emulsion fuels has been investigated. The stability of emulsion fuel related to coalescence and sedimentation formation. The diesel fuel-water emulsification process was carried out in a standard stirred tank consisting of a cylinder tank (93 mm in diameter) and Rushton disk turbine (40 mm in diameter). Materials used consist of diesel oil (Pertamina DEX), demineralized water, surfactants (Lecithin, Triton X-100 and Tween 80). The surfactant used is a mixture of Lecithin - Triton X-100 (76.6%: 23.4%) and Lecithin - Tween 80 (45.5%: 54.5%) at 1% total volume of emulsion. The impeller set in constant speed at 1900 rpm. To reduce emulsification energy consumption, water is added gradually into the tank at 2 mL/min of flowrate. Water content varies at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% by total volume of emulsion. Physical properties of emulsion fuel such as viscosity and density at room temperature were investigated periodically. The characterization of emulsion fuel stability was measured by slope value of absorbance ratio at wavelength 450 nm and 850 nm. Sediment formation was periodically by visual observation as emulsion phase percentage. Emulsion droplet size was measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method. Physical properties of emulsions such as density and viscosity tend to constant value in order of time. Emulsion fuel with 5% water content has the largest volume of emulsion phase in the rest of time, 83 % for L-T emulsion fuel and 95% for L-Tx. The lowest slope value shown by 5% emulsion fuel water content, -8.657Ã—10-5 for 5% L-T emulsion fuel and -2,084 Ã— 10-4 for 5% L-Tx emulsion fuel. Droplet size measurement of emulsion shown that different amount of added water caused the different droplet size of emulsion.

Effect of Hydrothermal Extraction Condition on The Content of Phenolic Compound Extracted from Rind of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and Its Antioxidant Efficiency Ash Shiddiqi, Qifni Yasa; Karisma, Achmad Dwitama; Machmudah, Siti; Widiyastuti, Widiyastuti; Nurtono, Tantular; Winardi, Sugeng; Wahyudiono, Wahyudiono; Goto, Motonobu
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 25, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20882033.v25i2.462

Xanthone is an antioxidant compound contained in the rind of mangosteen. There are some methods to extract Xanthone from rind of mangosteen, and one of them is hydrothermal extraction. Hydrothermal extraction is a method to obtain xanthone from rind of mangosteen using water at teIn this work, the effect of extraction temperature, pressure, and mode (batch and continuous), and particle size of starting material on the yield and recovery of extracted xanthone and phenolic compounds was investigated. Extraction was carried out at various temperatures (120, 150, and 180oC) and pressures (1, 3, and 5 MPa) and constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. The xanthone content and antioxidant efficiency of extract was examined by using spectrophotometer, while the concentration of total phenolic compounds in the extract was determined with folin ciocalteu reagent and examined using spectrophotometer In order to confirm the extracted phenolic compounds, the extract residue was analyzed by using FTIR. The experimental result showed that the increase in pressure and temperature caused an increase in total phenolic compound concentration and yield of xanthone. In addition, the result also showed that antioxidant activities were observed in the extract of mangosteen rind.

The Effect of Solid Rate on Cyclones Pressure Drop and Erosion Rate at Coal Boiler Plant Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Brario Anindito; Tantular Nurtono; Sugeng Winardi
Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS

Gas-solid separation systems with turbulent swirl flow that occur inside the cyclone will cause pressure drop and erosion on the cyclone wall. Both of these can cause a decrease in performance and increase maintenance costs for cyclones. CFD simulation is carried out on the actual cyclone dimensions used in the coal boiler industry. It was performed using the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for turbulent flow in the gas phase and Oka erosion model for its erosion model. The inlet velocity is fixed 6 m/s with variations in the solid rate ranged from 30 to 40 kg/s. This study will analyze the pressure drop and erosion rate on the cyclone walls in various solid rate variations. The simulation results show that the higher the solid rate with the same speed will reduce the pressure drop by 4% and at selected local area, increase the erosion rate on the cyclone wall by about 19%

The Effect of Furnace Temperature and Precursor Concentration Ratio to The Characteristics of Nanocomposite ZnO-Silica Iva Maula; Widiyastuti Widiyastuti; Tantular Nurtono; Fadlilatul Taufany; Siti Machmudah; Sugeng Winardi
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series Vol 1, No 1 (2014): International Seminar on Applied Technology, Science, and Arts (APTECS) 2013
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2014i1.323

Zinc Oxide is a semiconductor with relatively non-toxic, cheap and abundant properties which can be applied to LEDs. ZnO colloids are unstable due to further chemical reactions and coagulation so the addition of silica is needed to inhibit the growth of ZnO. ZnO was synthesized using sol-gel method by hydrolyze zinc acetate dihydrate in ethanol solution. Silica colloids was prepared by dissolving waterglass in distilled water at a temperature of 60 °C then passed into cation resin that has been activated using 2N HCl for ion exchange with Na+ to H+. In this study, the spray drying method was used to produce ZnO-silica nanocomposite. Morphological characterization of particles formed was analyzed using Scanning Electrostatic Microscope (SEM) (Zeiss Evo MA LS, Cambridge, England). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (Cu-Kα 1.54 A0, 40 kV, 30 mA, X’pert Pro, PAN alytical, Netherlands) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) (Therniscientific Nicolet iS10, US) were used to analyze the crystallinity and group functionalization, respectively. The results show that more particles are formed on 10% concentration volume of ZnO colloids rather than 5%.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Clearance Effect in High Solid Loading Polydisperse Solid-Liquid Mixing Iman Mukhaimin; Tantular Nurtono; Sugeng Winardi
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No 2 (2017): The 2nd Internasional Seminar on Science and Technology (ISST) 2016
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

A high solid loading concentration of solid-liquid mixing was investigated to observe the effect of ratio C, Clearance, and T, diameter tank, with C/T 0.33; C/T 0.25 and C/T 0.17 on local volume of hydrodynamic and spatial distribution of polydisperse solid suspension using CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics. The 45o pitch blade turbine, diameter 0.5T, with down pumping flow simulation was used to remove solid particle from bottom of the tank. The tank is also equipped with four baffle with the size of 0.1T.. A solid-liquid mixing consists of five fractions of glass beads with equal proportion (X1=X2=X3=X4=X5=0.2X) have 40% wt total solid concentration with liquid fraction is aqueous solution of NaCl. The effect of ratio C/T at impeller speed 612 rpm create a flow pattern in the tank different. Effect ratio C / T also indicated the distribution on solid had a good uniformity index when N≥ Njs, just suspended speed. The highest uniformity was obtained on C/T 0.17. it also made difference power consumption on each geometry with C/T 0.17, 0.25, and 0.33 respectively are 251.18, 238.13, and 270.65watt.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Clearance Effect in High Solid Loading Polydisperse Solid-Liquid Mixing Iman Mukhaimin; Tantular Nurtono; Sugeng Winardi
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No 2 (2017): The 2nd Internasional Seminar on Science and Technology (ISST) 2016
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

A high solid loading concentration of solid-liquid mixing was investigated to observe the effect of ratio C, Clearance, and T, diameter tank, with C/T 0.33; C/T 0.25 and C/T 0.17 on local volume of hydrodynamic and spatial distribution of polydisperse solid suspension using CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics. The 45o pitch blade turbine, diameter 0.5T, with down pumping flow simulation was used to remove solid particle from bottom of the tank. The tank is also equipped with four baffle with the size of 0.1T.. A solid-liquid mixing consists of five fractions of glass beads with equal proportion (X1=X2=X3=X4=X5=0.2X) have 40% wt total solid concentration with liquid fraction is aqueous solution of NaCl. The effect of ratio C/T at impeller speed 612 rpm create a flow pattern in the tank different. Effect ratio C / T also indicated the distribution on solid had a good uniformity index when N≥ Njs, just suspended speed. The highest uniformity was obtained on C/T 0.17. it also made difference power consumption on each geometry with C/T 0.17, 0.25, and 0.33 respectively are 251.18, 238.13, and 270.65watt.

Effect of Mixing Time to Homogeneity of Propellant Slurry Luthfia H. Abdillah; Sugeng Winardi; Sumarno Sumarno; Tantular Nurtono
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No 1 (2018): 3rd International Seminar on Science and Technology (ISST) 2017
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2018i1.3515

Propellant is a rocket fuel that can be solid or liquid. This research focused on composite solid propellant that was made from solid and liquid materials become a slurry. Homogeneity of the propellant slurry is important to investigate because it can affect specification and performance of the propellant. This research objective was to study effect of mixing time to homogeneity of propellant slurry that was processed by horizontal sigma blade mixer. Density data were used to assess the homogeneity and stated as degree of homogeneity. The result showed that the mixing time affect the density values and it was obtained the most homogeneous slurry was at total mixing time 135 minute

Study of Hydrodynamics and Overall Gas Hold Up Validation in Bubble Column by Computational Fluid Dynamics Yukh Ihsana; Sugeng Winardi; Tantular Nurtono
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

The study of overall gas hold up has been carried out experimentally with the bed expansion. The superficial gas velocities used for the experiments are 6.369 m/s and 10.616 m/s. The experiment is carried out in a bubble column with inside diameters of 7 cm and a height of 100 cm. Gas from the gas cylinder is supplied through a distributor consisting of a perforated plate and glass beads. The perforated plate has a hole diameter of 1 mm and 0.5 mm. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) using a Eulerian coupled with Population Balance model is developed to predict overall gas hold up and bubble size distribution. The effect of superficial gas velocity, perforated plate diameter, gas properties, and initial liquid level on gas hold up were studied. The use of population balance can significantly improve the overall gas hold-up results compared to constant bubble diameter. It is found that several operating conditions affect the whole gas hold up, namely initial liquid level, superficial gas velocity, and differences in gas properties. While the influence of the difference in perforated plate diameter to overall gas holds up, results are small compared to other operating conditions.

Identifikasi Kandungan Boraks dan Formalin pada Makanan dengan Menggunakan Scientific Vs Simple Methods Siti Nurkhamidah; Ali Altway; Sugeng Winardi; Achmad Roesyadi; Yeni Rahmawati; Siti Machmudah; Widiyastuti; Tantular Nurtono; Siti Zullaikah; Lailatul Qadariyah
Sewagati Vol 1 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi ITS

Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan bahan makanan yang tidak mudah rusak, boraks banyak sekali digunakan dalam industri makanan, seperti: dalam pembuatan mie basah, lontong, ketupat, tahu, bakso, sosis, dan lain-lain. Selain boraks, formalin juga banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan. Padahal zat-zat kimia tersebut merupakan bahan beracun dan bahan berbahaya bagi manusia sehingga sangat dilarang digunakan sebagai bahan baku makanan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode identifikasi yang sederhana (simple method) untuk kedua bahan berbahaya tersebut dalam makanan. Sehingga, dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen terutama para ibu rumah tangga dengan mudah. Untuk menguji validitas dari simple method tersebut, maka hasil ujinya perlu dibandingkan dengan scientific method. Hasil uji kandungan boraks pada makanan dengan menggunakan simple method telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan hasil uji menunjukaan bahwa dari 28 sampel yang di uji, ada dua sample yang positif mengandung boraks. Hasil dari metode nyala api yang merupakan scientific method untuk uji kandungan boraks menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan hasil uji menggunakan simple method. Sedangkan pada uji formalin, baik menggunakan scientific method menunjukkan hasil bahwa terdapat tujuh sampel yang positif mengandung formalin dari 28 sampel yang diuji dan sebagian besar sampel tersebut merupakan ikan asin. Hasil dari uji tersebut telah disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat sekitar Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), yaitu ibu-ibu PKK di Perumahan Sukolilo Dian Regency RT 8 dan 9, RW 2 Kelurahan Keputih Kecamatan Sukolilo Surabaya pada 26 Juni 2016 dan dilakukan sosialisasi kedua pada tanggal 30 Juli 2016 untuk melihat tingkat keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan dari sosialisasi yang pertama.

Studi Fluidisasi dan Pembakaran Batubara Polydisperse di Dalam Fluidized Bed Berbasis Simulasi CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara; Tantular Nurtono; Sugeng Winardi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena pembakaran batubara dimana dimensi alat, distribusi ukuran partikel, dan jenis kualitas batubara menggunakan validasi dari penelitian Wang. Penelitian ini mengarahkan pada simulasi berbasis CFD. Kondisi operasi pada saat simulasi pembakaran dilakukan pada kecepatan bubbling. Metode yang digunakan sebelum melakukan simulasi pembakaran merupakan kelanjutan dari simulasi fluidisasi dimana masih menggunakan geometri 2-D fluidized bed lalu dilakukan meshing, selanjutnya memasukkan persamaan energi. Geometri fluidized bed yang digunakan berbentuk tabung dengan panjang silinder fluidized bed 1370 mm, diameter silinder 152 mm. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa pulverized coal dengan jenis batubara Bituminous dimana ukuran partikel dianggap polydisperse dengan ukuran partikel 1 mm dan 1,86mm yang masing-masing sebesar 50% fraksi massa dengan kecepatan 0,2 Kg/s dan suhu 1200 K, dan udara luar yang diinjeksikan dengan kecepatan 0,8 m/s dan suhu 300 K. Analisa pengambilan data adalah berupa kontur fase padatan, kontur temperatur pada fase-1 dan fase padatan, fraksi massa produk pembakaran, massa padatan awal dan akhir simulasi dengan time step sebesar 0,0001 detik dan number of time step sebesar 300000. Selanjutnya data tersebut diplot menjadi grafik temperatur terhadap time step dan disajikan dalam setiap 1 menit simulasi selama 5 menit simulasi. This research aims to determine coal combustion’s phenomenon, where the device’s dimension, particle size distribution, and the quality of rank coal which validated Wang’s reseach. This reseach leads on CFD simulation. The operation condition has did in bubbling velocity. This method is a continuation from fluidization simulation which is use 2-D Geometry and then used the meshing method, and enter the energy equation. The geometry of fluidized bed used was tubular cylinder with 1370 mm length and 152 mm. Materials used in this study was pulverized coal with Bituminous coal type which the particle size was considered as monodispers with particle size was 1.43 mm and polydispersed with particle size was 1 mm with 50% mass fraction and 1.86 mm with 50% mass fraction with flow rate 0,2 Kg/s and the temperature is 1200 K, and the outside air are injected in 0,8 m/s and 300 K. The analysis of data retrieval is solid phase contour, temperature contours in phase-1 and solid phase, mass fraction of combustion product, initial solid mass and final solid mass simulation with time step 0,0001 s and the numberof time step 300000. Then the data is plotted into a graph temperature vs time step and presented in 1 minute simulation for 5 minute simulation.

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