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All Journal EUGENIA Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI COCOS
Jeanne M. Paulus
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences

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RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH METODE SRI ( SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK Andrew Paat; Jeanne M. Paulus; Doortje M.F. Sumampow; Deanne A. Kojoh
COCOS Vol. 6 No. 6 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v6i6.8044

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis research aims to study the response of growth and production paddy rice methods sri (system of rice intensification) toward granting the organic and inorganic fertilizer that implemented in the village of Tara-Tara II, subdistrict tomohon west for 5 months start from march to august 2013. This study uses a randomized block design group (RAK) and the faktor the meticulous is a kind of organic fertilizers combined with the treatment of inorganik fertilizers (NPK) consists above P0 = 100 % NPK, P1 = organic fertilizers market waste + 40% NPK, P2 = organic fertilizers plant calliandra + 40% NPK, P3 = organik fertilizers rice straw + 40% NPK, P4 = organic fertilizers mixture + 40% NPK.awarding Organic and inorganic fertilizer give influence the growth and production paddy rice methods SRI (System of Rice Intensification). treatment p3 is the best results high toward rice plants with a value of 96.7, but not significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P4. the influence most well toward the number of produktive tillers and the persentage of grain pithy/ panicles by value 96,58%. Treatment p3 derive the best results in a variable number of grain / panicle with a value of 234.0, but not significantly different with treatment P1 and P2. treatment P4 is the best result toward weight 1000 grain of dry grain harvest with a value of 28.24 grams, although not significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P3. on variables outcome dry grain harvest the / plot, the best result is the treatment P3 with a value of 8.0 kg, although not significantly different from P2 treatment.keywords: Paddy rice, SRI (System of Rice Intensification), organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers.
Pemberian Kompos Jerami Padi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) Albert T.H. Samosir; Jeanne M. Paulus; Doortje M.F. Sumampow; Selvie Tumbelaka
COCOS Vol. 6 No. 12 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v6i12.8489

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aims to study the application of Rice Straw Compost on Growth and Production of Sweet Corn ( Zea mays saccharata Sturt ) This study was conducted in the village of Tomohon sub district Taratara Dua West , Tomohon for 3 ( three ) months starting from the month of August to October  2014.  Experimentalwas design arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of five treatments.It is treatment wasreplicated three times. The treatments waswhitout rice straw compost (K0), 5 ton/ha of rice straw compost (K1), 10 ton/ha of rice straw compost (K2), 15 ton/ha of rice straw compost (K3), and 20 ton/ha of rice straw compost (K4). Data was analysed using variance analysed Least Significant Difference ( LSD ) at level 5%. Results slowed that the treatment significantly effected on growth and production of sweet corn  ( Zea mays saccharata Sturt ) that were plant height, number of leaves , cob length, cobweight, but not significant to cob circle  effect  Keywords : Sweet Corn, Organic fertilizer
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA DAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH TERHADAP BUNGA POTONG KRISAN (Chrysanthemum,sp) Inggrit Z. Tuwaidan; Jemmy Najoan; Jeanne M. Paulus
COCOS Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i4.22088

Abstract

ABSTRACT The effect of giving coconut water and piper betle decoction water of krisan cutting flower under the guidance of Ir. Jemmy Najoan, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. Jeanne M. Paulus, MS. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between the supply of coconut water and piper betle decoction water to the flower of Krisan, to find out the effect of giving coconut water to Krisan cut flowers, and to determine the duration piper betle decoction water of Krisan cut flowers 20.25 minutes) with variables observed, namely the weight of Krisan cut flowers, stem diameter of Krisan cut flowers, diameter of cut flowers of Krisan and solution absorbed by  Krisan cut flowers. This research was conducted at the Plant Sciences Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado for 2 months, namely in June - August 2016 with the results of research on giving young coconut water to the weight of Krisan cut flowers producing the highest value of 16,281 and old coconut water 8,750 g , with the highest value on the administration of piper betle boiled water which is in stew for 5 minutes 12,624 followed by stew for 10 minutes 11,423 g and the lowest for the length of stew for 25 minutes 8019 g. Adding the highest stem diameter to the giving of young coconut water 3,100 mm and old coconut water 2,280 mm, while the addition of boiled water piper betle on stew for 5 minutes 2,889 mm and the lowest on stew for 25 minutes 1,878 mm. The highest addition of Krisan cut flower diameter on the addition of young coconut water 2.207 cm and old coconut water 1.410 cm while the highest value in giving piper betle for 5 minutes 1.729 cm. The highest absorbed Krisan solution was given by giving young coconut water 228,692 ml, old coconut water 88,292 ml added boiled water of piper betle to the absorbed solution in stew for 25 minutes 261,736 and the lowest on boiling water for 5 minutes 202,958 ml. Keywords: Coconut Water, Piper Betle Decoction Water, Krisan cutting flower
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Nutrisi AB mix Terhdap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Dengan Sistem Hidroponik NFT Effect of AB mix Nutrient Concentration on Growth and Yield of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) with NFT Hydroponic Systems Silvani Wardi; Jeanne M. Paulus; Jemmy Najoan
COCOS Vol. 11 No. 2 (2019): EDISI APRIL-JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/cocos.v1i1.27330

Abstract

ABSTRACT Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable plant that has long been known in Indonesia. Celery plants have many benefits as the food and health. The low production of quality celery and the products are produced by in accordance with the wishes of consumers. A technology is needed that can increase the production of quality celery and in accordance with the market's desires. Hydroponics film engineering technique is one of the technologies that can be applied in narrow areas, but research on the concentration of nutrients in the hydroponic planting system of celery plants has not been done much. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the concentration of AB mix nutrients on the growth and yield of celery plants (Apium graveolens L.) NFT hydroponic system, and get the best concentration of AB mix nutrients on the growth and yield of celery plants. This research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications, the factors studied are the concentration of AB mix nutrition with the treatment: (p1) 900 ppm, (p2) 1200 ppm, (p3) 1500 ppm. The results showed that there was an effect of the concentration of AB mix nutrients on the growth and yield of celery (Apium graveolens L.) and the best concentration was in the treatment (p3) 1500 ppm. Keywords: Nutrient AB mix, NFT Hydroponics, Celery (Apium graveolens L.)
Effect of Preservative Solution Composition and Stalk Cut Angle in Maintaining the Shelf Life of Cut Flowers Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) var. Kulo Windi Lanni Timpalan; Beatrix Doodoh; Maria G. M. Polii; Jeanne M. Paulus; Meity R. Rantung; Annatje E. B. Inkiriwang
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): EDISI JULI-DESEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v4i2.49126

Abstract

This study aims to examine the interaction between the composition of the preservative solution and the cut angle of the flower stalk in maintaining the shelf life of cut chrysanthemum flowers and to examine the effect of the composition of the preservative solution in maintaining the shelf life of cut chrysanthemum flowers and to examine the effect of the angle of cut flower stalks in maintaining the shelf life of cut chrysanthemum flowers. This research was conducted from January 2023 to February 2023 at the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors, namely Factor A consisting of 3 levels with treatment A0: Water, A1: Sugar 25 g/L + Citric Acid 0.15 g/L + Bleach 1 mL /L, and A2: 25 g/L Sugar + 0.4 mL/L Vinegar + 1 mL/L Bleach and Factor B consists of 3 levels with treatment B1: Flat Cut (0Ëš), B2: Slanted Cut (30 Ëš), and B3: Bevel Cut (45Ëš). So that there were 9 treatment combinations and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so 27 experimental units were obtained. Each experimental unit has 2 samples, so that the total number of experimental units is 54 samples. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance 2 factor ANOVA method with repetition and if it has an effect then it will be continued with the BNT test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was no interaction between the composition of the preservative solution and the cut angle of the flower stalks for all the observed variables. The composition of the preservative solution treatment A2: Sugar 25 g/L + Vinegar 0.4 mL/L + Bleach 1 mL/L had a single significant effect on maintaining the shelf life of cut flowers of chrysanthemum var. Kulo for 16.28 days. The cutting angle of the flower stalk had no significant effect on maintaining the shelf life of the cut chrysanthemum var. Kulo. Keywords: Preservative Solution, Cut Flowers, Chrysanthemum Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji interaksi antara komposisi larutan pengawet dengan sudut potong tangkai bunga dalam mempertahankan masa pajang bunga potong krisan dan mengkaji pengaruh komposisi larutan pengawet dalam mempertahankan masa pajang bunga potong krisan serta mengkaji pengaruh sudut potong tangkai bunga dalam mempertahankan masa pajang bunga potong krisan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2023 sampai Februari 2023 di Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu Faktor A terdiri dari 3 taraf dengan perlakuan A0: Air, A1: Gula Pasir 25 g/L + Asam Sitrat 0,15 g/L + Pemutih 1 mL/L, dan A2: Gula Pasir 25 g/L + Cuka 0,4 mL/L + Pemutih 1 mL/L dan Faktor B terdiri dari 3 taraf dengan perlakuan B1: Potongan Datar (0Ëš), B2: Potongan Miring (30Ëš), dan B3: Potongan Miring (45Ëš). Sehingga terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, maka didapatkan 27 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdapat 2 sampel, sehingga total keseluruhan satuan percobaan terdapat 54 sampel. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam metode ANOVA 2 Faktor dengan pengulangan dan apabila berpengaruh maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara komposisi larutan pengawet dengan sudut potong tangkai bunga terhadap semua variabel pengamatan. Komposisi larutan pengawet perlakuan A2: Gula Pasir 25 g/L + Cuka 0,4 mL/L + Pemutih 1 mL/L berpengaruh nyata secara tunggal dalam mempertahankan masa pajang bunga potong krisan var. Kulo selama 16,28 hari. Sudut potong tangkai bunga tidak berpengaruh nyata dalam mempertahankan masa pajang bunga potong krisan var. Kulo. Kata Kunci: Larutan Pengawet, Bunga Potong, Krisan
Spatial Mapping And Analysis Of The Harvest Time Determination Of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Using The Thermal Unit Of The Southeast Minahasa Regency: Rombe, Nadia Jovanka; Rogi, Johannes E. X; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Paat, Frangky J.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): EDISI JANUARI-JUNI 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v5i1.54044

Abstract

Climate change since 2019 has had a significant impact on paddy plant growth, presenting new challenges in optimizing food production. An effective approach in determining the harvest timing is the Thermal Unit Concept, which takes into account the accumulation of daily temperature during the rice plant's growth. Spatial mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is employed to analyze land conditions and heat requirements in paddy cultivation. The mapping results are valuable for planning, cultivation, governmental policy-making, and dissemination to farmers. This research was conducted from August to November in the Rasi Village, Southeast Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. Data collection involved observing the phenology of rice plants, recording coordinates of planting and harvesting locations, and digitizing Landsat images using SAS Planet and ArcGIS 10.8. Daily temperature analysis was carried out to obtain thermal unit values. The digitized map revealed the paddy field area in Southeast Minahasa Regency to be 3,002.621 hectares, distributed across all sub-districts. The sub-district with the largest paddy field area was North Tombatu, covering 521.362 hectares, while South Touluaan had the smallest area at 32.142 hectares. The Thermal Unit analysis indicated that Southeast Minahasa Regency/Rasi requires 1,285.11 thermal units, with varying heat requirements in each growth phase. During the seeding-planting phase, paddy plants need 292.79 °C, seedling-transplanting 460.04 °C, seedling-anthesis, and heading 217.57 °C, and during the anthesis and heading-harvest phase, paddy plants require 314.71 °C. Keywords: Spatial Mapping, Thermal Unit, Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Abstrak Perubahan iklim yang terjadi sejak tahun 2019 telah memberikan dampak signifikan pada pertumbuhan tanaman padi, menghadirkan tantangan baru dalam mengoptimalkan produksi pangan. Pendekatan efektif dalam menentukan waktu panen adalah Konsep Thermal Unit, yang memperhitungkan akumulasi suhu harian selama pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Pemetaan spasial menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis digunakan untuk menganalisis kondisi lahan dan kebutuhan panas dalam pertanian padi. Hasil pemetaan ini berguna untuk perencanaan, pembudidayaan, serta pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah dan disosialisasikan kepada petani. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus – November di Desa Rasi, Minahasa Tenggara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan fenologi tanaman padi, mengambil titik koordinat lokasi dan waktu/tanggal semai-panen tanaman padi, kemudian dilakukan digitasi Citra Landsat, Sas Planet ArcGIS 10.8 dan menganalisis suhu harian untuk mendapatkan nilai thermal unit. Hasil digitasi peta mendapatkan luas sawah di kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara sebesar 3.002,621 ha yang tersebar diseluruh kecamatan yang ada di Minahasa Tenggara, Kecamatan yang memiliki luas lahan sawah terbesar yaitu kecamatan Tombatu Utara sebesar 521,362 ha, sedangkan untuk kecamatan dengan luas lahan terkecil yaitu Touluaan Selatan sebesar 32,142 ha. Hasil analisis Thermal Unit menunjukan bahwa kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara / Rasi : 1.285,11 d0C, dengan jumlah kebutuhan panas yang berbeda-beda disetiap fasenya. Pada fase semai – tanam, tanaman padi memerlukan 292,79 d0C, tanam-anakan 460,04 d0C, anakan – anthesis dan bunting 217,57 d0C, serta pada fase anthesis dan bunting – panen tanaman padi memerlukan 314,71 d0C. Kata Kunci : Pemetaan Spasial, Thermal Unit, Padi (Oryza sativa L).
The Effects of Substituting Straw Compost for NPK Fertilizer On Field Rice Growth and Yield Using The SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Method Rantung , Rantung; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Supit, Paula C. H.; Ogie, Tommy B.; Lengkong, Edy F.; Walingkas, Stanley A. F.; Inkiriwang, Annatje E. B.; Doodoh, Beatrix; Pangemanan, Ventje; Najoan, Jemmy; Polii, Maria G. M.; Tulung, Stella Maria Theresia
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): EDISI JANUARI-JUNI 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v5i1.54192

Abstract

With an agroecological philosophy, the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) technique is a rice production technology approach that prioritizes soil, plant, and water management through local expertise and group empowerment based on environmentally beneficial activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate lowland rice growth and yield by using composted straw instead of NPK fertilizer. Implemented in Tara-Tara II village, West Tomohon sub-district for 5 (five) months with one factor treatment, namely the ratio of NPK fertilizer dose and straw compost dose: 100% NPK + straw compost 0% straw compost (P0), 75% NPK + 25% straw compost (P1), 50% NPK + 50% straw compost (P2), 25% NPK + 75% straw compost (P3), and 0% NPK + 100% straw compost (P4). The variables observed included: plant height, number of fodder, number of panicles/clumps, weight of 100 harvested dry grains, number of grains/panicles, percentage of smooth grains/clumps and harvested dry grain yield. Substitution of NPK fertilizer with compost straw has no effect on the height of lowland rice plants using the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method, but does affect the number of productive tillers. The highest number of productive tillers was found in P2 (50% NPK + 50% straw compost), P3 (25% NPK + 75% straw compost) and P4 (0% NPK + 100% straw compost), with an average value of 31, respectively. 27; 28.20 and 27.53 tillers, while treatment P3 (25% NPK + 75% straw compost) and lower values in treatments P0 (100% NPK + 0% straw compost) and P1 (75% NPK + 25% straw compost ) with an average value of 25.83; and 25.67 offspring. Keywords: System of Rice Intensification (SRI), rice, straw compost.
Respons Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai Pada Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Dari Akar Bambu (Bambusa sp.) Mustafa, Putri Alfa; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Polii, Maria G.M.
AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI Vol. 19 No. 1 (2023): Agri-Sosioekonomi
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (158.471 KB) | DOI: 10.35791/agrsosek.v19i1.46755

Abstract

This study aims to determine the response of soybean plants to the application of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) from bamboo roots and to obtain the best concentration of PGPR from bamboo roots to increase soybean growth and yield in Sendangan Village, Sonder District, Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months, from July to October 2022. The data analysis method used in this study was Anova analysis (Analysis of Variance). The design of this study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 20 plots, namely treatment P0 0 ml/water, P1 PGPR concentration 10 ml, P2 PGPR concentration 20 ml, P3 PGPR concentration 30 ml, P4 PGPR concentration 40 ml so that there are 20 plots. The variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of pods, number of root nodules, and production per plot. The results showed that giving PGPR from 4 treatments P0 0 ml/liter of water, P1 10 ml/liter of water, P2 20 ml/liter of water, P3 30 ml/liter of water, and P4 40 ml/liter of water got the best concentration of PGPR bamboo roots at P3 30ml/liter of water, thereby increasing the growth and yield of soybeans.
Neighbourhood-Scale Carbon Footprint of Community Activities in Batu Kota, Malalayang District, Manado City Claudhio, Jehezkiel K.; Wantasen, Sofia; Lumingkewas, Adeleyda M. W.; Paat, Frangky J.; Rotinsulu, Wiske C.; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Pakasi, Sandra E.; Pioh, Diane D.; Ogie, Tommy B.; Porong, Jelie Viekson
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.67504

Abstract

Neighbourhood-scale carbon-footprint assessment is increasingly important for understanding how everyday urban activities contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions. This study evaluated the carbon footprint generated by community activities in Kelurahan Batu Kota, Malalayang District, Manado City, Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to February 2026 using a quantitative survey approach with purposive sampling. A total of 335 households were selected from five neighbourhood units. Primary data were collected through field observation and questionnaires covering LPG use, household electricity consumption, motor-vehicle ownership, fuel type, and transport-fuel consumption. Carbon emissions were estimated for three activity categories, namely LPG use, electricity consumption, and motorized transportation, using IPCC-based calculation procedures. The results showed that the total carbon footprint of community activities in Kelurahan Batu Kota reached 7,410.98 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Transportation was the dominant emission source, contributing 4,546.12 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ or 61.34% of the total, followed by electricity consumption at 2,432.12 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ and LPG use at 432.74 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Spatially, the carbon footprint was unevenly distributed across neighbourhoods. Lingkungan 5 produced the highest total emissions at 2,646.89 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ or 35.72% of the total, whereas Lingkungan 4 contributed the lowest share. These findings indicate that the carbon profile of Batu Kota was driven primarily by daily mobility and electricity use rather than by cooking-fuel consumption. The study provides baseline evidence for neighbourhood-based emission management and highlights the importance of place-specific mitigation strategies in urban residential environments. Keywords: carbon footprint; electricity consumption; household emissions; neighbourhood-scale assessment; urban transportation
Assessment Of the Carbon Footprint of Household Activities in Kleak, Malalayang District, Manado City Minanga, Dony T.; Wantasen, Sofia; Lumingkewas, Adeleyda M. W.; Paat, Frangky J.; Rotinsulu, Wiske Ch.; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Pioh, Diane D.; Ogie, Tommy B.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.67505

Abstract

Household energy use and private mobility are important sources of greenhouse-gas emissions in urban residential areas. This study assessed the carbon footprint of household activities in Kelurahan Kleak, Malalayang District, Manado City, Indonesia. The study was conducted from January to March 2026 using a field-based survey approach with purposive sampling. A total of 354 households were selected from six neighbourhood units (lingkungan). Primary data were collected through direct observation and questionnaires covering LPG consumption, electricity use, vehicle ownership, fuel type, and fuel consumption. Carbon emissions were estimated for three major household-related sources, namely LPG use, electricity consumption, and private transportation fuel use, using IPCC-based emission calculation methods. The results showed that the total household carbon footprint of Kelurahan Kleak reached 6,599.65 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Transportation fuel was the largest contributor, accounting for 3,609.97 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, followed by electricity consumption at 2,613.89 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, while LPG use contributed 375.80 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Among the six neighbourhoods, Lingkungan 6 produced the highest total emissions at 2,123.05 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, equivalent to 32.17% of the total carbon footprint. These findings indicate that household carbon emissions in Kelurahan Kleak were driven primarily by private mobility and electricity use rather than cooking fuel consumption. The study provides baseline evidence for neighbourhood-scale carbon management and highlights the importance of community-based mitigation strategies in urban residential environments. Keywords: carbon footprint; electricity consumption; household activities; LPG use; transportation fuel
Co-Authors Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Albert T.H. Samosir Albert T.H. Samosir, Albert T.H. Amalia S. Setiaaji Andrew Paat Andrew Paat, Andrew Annatje E. B. Inkiriwang Beatrix Doodoh Benjamin H. Mailangkay Claudhio, Jehezkiel K. Deanne A. Kojoh Deanne A. Kojoh, Deanne A. Diane D. Pioh, Diane D. Doodoh, Beatrix Doortje M.F. Sumampow Edy F. Lengkong Edy Lengkong Frangky J. Paat Frieda F. Moningka Frieda F. Moningka Inggrit Z. Tuwaidan Inkiriwang, Annatje E. B. J. Sh. Polii-Mandang Jemmy Najoan Jemmy Najoan, Jemmy Johannes E. X. Rogi Lumingkewas, Adeleyda M. W. Maria G. M. Polii Maria G.M. Polii, Maria G.M. Meity R. Rantung Mifta Mamentu Minanga, Dony T. Mustafa, Putri Alfa Ogie, Tommy B. Paula C. Supit Polii, Maria G. M. Porong, Jelie Viekson Rantung , Rantung Rogi, Johannes E. X Rombe, Nadia Jovanka Rotinsulu, Wiske C. Sandra E. Pakasi Selvie Tumbelaka Semuel D. Runtunuwu Silvani Wardi Sofia Wantasen Sumampow, Doortje M. F. Supit, Paula C. H. Tulung, Stella Maria Theresia Ventje Pangemanan Walingkas, Stanley A. F. Windi Lanni Timpalan Wiske Rotinsulu