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DAMPAK PEMBERIAN KALIUM DAN CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA DAN PRODUKSI BIOMASSA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis gueenensis Jacq.) Wan Riski Fauzi; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 27 No 1 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Droght stress is the main limiting factor on growth and production of oil palm. Beside used tolerance planting materials, increasing nutrient status especially potassium also influences increasing plant tolerance to drought stress. This research was a simulation study in a greenhouse to determine the effect of potassium and drought stress on oil palm seedling. The research was conducted in Desa Madurejo, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman, Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia by random complete block design. The treatment consists of two factors, first factor were potassium factor consist of 0%, 50%, 150%, and 200% standart dosage and second factor were drought stress consist of three levels, field capacity (FTSW 1), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe (FTSW 0.15) with three replications. The results showed that fertilizing potassium increased the content and uptake of K and Cl in plants, increased the uptake of Mg roots, reduce the N content of the roots and reduce the content of Ca and Mg in plant canopy. Drought stress had an impact on decreasing the content and uptake of N, P, and Cl in plants as well as decreasing the dry weight of plant biomass. The provision of Potassium has not affected the production of biomass of oil palm seedlings in drought conditions.

Penambahan Kalsium Meningkatkan Kandungan Pektin pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit Tercekam Kekeringan (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Endah Nurwahyuni; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 28 No 3 (2020): Jurnal Peneltian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i3.111

Long drought due to climate anomalies results in physiological damage to oil palm which is characterized by frond fracture to the decreased productivity. One of the efforts to increase the resistance of oil palm to drought is through the addition of calcium. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium on hormonal changes (as secondary messenger), the rate of photosynthesis till the content of pectin as a reinforcing component of cell walls which is expected to reduce the risk of frond fracture due to drought. The treatment was arranged in factorial 3 x 4 in the random complete block design (RCBD) split-plot. The first factor was the dose of calcium application which was 0 (control/without calcium), 0,04 g, 0,08 g, and 0,12 g. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress consisting of severe stress, moderate stress, and control/field capacity with an intensity of one week after achieving target weight. Data that fulfilled the assumptions of homogeneity and normality were then analyzed using variance analysis at a level of accuracy of 5% and continued with DMRT. The results showed that calcium can increase the resistance of oil palm seeds through increased GA content, decreased ABA content and increased photosynthetic rates in all soil moisture conditions, but varied according to the intensity of drought.

SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values provide good estimation of the chlorophyll content for Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. Leaves Andi Nur CAHYO; Rudi Hari MURTI; Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA; Tri Rini NURINGTYAS; Denis FABRE; Pascal MONTORO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 1 (2020): April, 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i1.369

Measurement of chlorophyll content using destructive methods is not efficient due to a large number of samples, cost, and time needed. Estimationof chlorophyll content by nondestructive methods using handheld chlorophyll meter may be considered to improve efficiency. This research aimed to determine the formula to convert SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values (relative indicator of chlorophyll content) to estimated (absolute) rubber leaves chlorophyll content. Twenty leaves of rubber plant were measured using SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS at the same time to determine SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values. The measured leaves were then collected to determine the chlorophyll content using a standard laboratory procedure. Regression and correlation analyses (among 3 methods) were conducted using SAS v.9 software. The results showed that between SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values were closely correlated, hence both of the devices can substitute each other to estimate rubber leaf chlorophyll content. In addition, the relationship between atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 values with actual chlorophyll content of rubber clone SP 217, PB 260, GT1, and all clones (general) were significant with high coefficient of determination (R2) as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Therefore, by using formula determined in this study, both atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 can be suggested for accurate, fast, and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content of rubber plant leaf.

MITIGASI KEKERINGAN PADA PERKEBUNAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) MELALUI PENDEKATAN PHYTOBIOME Andi Nur Cahyo; Rudi Hari Murti; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Warta Perkaretan Vol. 39 No. 1 (2020): Volume 39, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Karet - PT. Riset Perkebunan Nusantara

El-Nino menimbulkan dampak musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan di wilayah Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia. Kekeringan yang terjadi pada saat musim kemarau dapat menurunkan produksi karet hingga 50%. Mitigasi untuk meminimalisir dampak kekeringan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan phytobiome. Pendekatan phytobiome diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman karet terhadap kekeringan baik dengan mekanisme drought tolerance maupun drought avoidance. Selain itu, dengan lingkungan biotik dan abiotik yang mendukung, lengas tanah juga semakin tersedia untuk tanaman. Upaya mitigasi dengan pendekatan phytobiome dilakukan secara komprehensif baik terhadap tanaman, lingkungan hidup tanaman, maupun organisme yang hidup di sekitar tanaman tersebut. Mitigasi dampak kekeringan terhadap tanaman karet dengan pendekatan phytobiome dapat dilakukan dengan perakitan dan adopsi klon-klon unggul toleran kekeringan, penggunaan root trainer untuk memperbaiki arsitektur akar, aplikasi senyawa osmoregulator, aplikasi asam humat, irigasi, penggunaan LCC sebagai mulsa, pembuatan rorak, dan inokulasi jamur mikoriza atau DSE. Penelitian tentang upaya mitigasi tersebut pada tanaman karet masih tergolong minim, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar pertumbuhan dan produksi karet tetap stabil selama terjadi kekeringan.

DAMPAK KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PROSES FISIOLOGIS, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN HASIL TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Andi Nur Cahyo; Rudi Hari Murti; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Warta Perkaretan Vol. 39 No. 1 (2020): Volume 39, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Karet - PT. Riset Perkebunan Nusantara

Indonesia adalah produsen karet terbesar kedua di dunia dengan luas areal penanaman mencapai 3,66 juta ha dan produksi sebesar 3,68 juta ton karet kering pada tahun 2017. Produktivitas perkebunan karet di Indonesia tergolong belum optimal. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah curah hujan yang rendah pada musim kemarau dan fenomena El-Nino yang menyebabkan kekeringan. Efek kekeringan adalah terjadinya defisit air pada tanaman, sehingga tekanan turgor menurun dan memicu ketidaknormalan fungsi organ tanaman. Parameter fisiologis tanaman yang dipengaruhi oleh kekeringan misalnya tekanan osmotik dan turgor, konduktansi stomata, fotosintesa, transpirasi, respirasi, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Efek kekeringan yang dominan pada proses fisiologis tanaman adalah perubahan konduktansi stomata. Menutupnya stomata ini dipicu oleh hormon asam absisat (ABA) yang diproduksi di akar dan dibawa ke daun sebagai informer stomata ketika terjadi cekaman kekeringan. Konduktansi stomata juga sangat mempengaruhi besarnya fotorespirasi. Selain itu penutupan stomata juga mengakibatkan penurunan asimilasi CO2, sehingga dalam paparan cahaya yang berlebihan, over reduksi pada pusat reaksi fotosintesa PSII terjadi dan reactive oxygen species (ROS) misalnya superoksida, hidrogen peroksida, hidroksil radikal, dan oksigen singlet terbentuk. Tanaman yang toleran kekeringan beradaptasi terhadap kondisi cekaman kekeringan secara fisiologis dengan beberapa mekanisme, diantaranya adalah melalui peningkatan produksi hormon ABA, penutupan stomata, osmoregulasi, dan produksi antioksidan. Beberapa klon karet yang relatif toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan adalah klon RRIM 600 dan GT1. Pada akhirnya, kekeringan yang terjadi akan menghambat pertumbuhan dan menurunkan hasil tanaman.

Agronomic Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to Spent and Deoiled Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization Muhammad Parikesit Wisnubroto; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Budiastuti Kurniasih
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA) Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA)
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KUANTAN SINGINGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36378/juatika.v5i1.2685

The objective of the study was to study the effects of spent bleaching earth (SBE) and deoiled bleaching earth (DBE) filler-based NPK fertilizers on the agronomical characteristics of soybean as a model crop. A field experiment was arranged in a single factor of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks as replications. The treatments were 1) NPK fertilizer with 10% of BC (control), 2) NPK fertilizer with 5% of BC + 5% of SBE, and 3) NPK fertilizer with 5% BC + 5% DBE. The variables observed were the levels of heavy metals in leaf tissue and the agronomic characteristics of soybean plants. The observations were made on several variables of agronomical crop characters. The data were then analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% levels and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test if there were differences among treatments. The results confirmed that the SBE and DBE materials could partly replace the filler components in NPK fertilizers, which has been proven to have the same impact on the agronomical characteristics of soybean in the form of leaf area, root volume, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed yield per hectar.

Pengaruh Dosis dan Jenis Aplikasi Boron terhadap Tingkat Layu Pentil (Cherelle wilt) Tanaman Kakao Endang Sri Dewi HS; Prapto Yudono; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Benito Heru Purwanto; Toyip Toyip
AGROSCRIPT: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences Vol 5 No 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36423/agroscript.v5i1.1219

Cherelle wilt merupakan penyakit fisiologis pada tahap awal perkembangan buah kakao karena kegagalan perkembangan buah. Salah satu unsur yang diduga kuat menjadi penyebab adalah unsur boron yang ketersediannya sangat penting bagi tanaman karena berperan dalam perkembangan sel, metabolisme protein, asam amino, nitrat, lemak, karbohidrat, auksin dan fenol, fungsi membran, berperan dalam keberhasilan pembentukan bunga, pembuahan dan perkembangan buah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji dan meneliti tentang pengaruh boron terhadap layu pentil kakao. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan rancangan Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) dimana faktor A terdiri dari metode aplikasi pupuk yaitu lewat daun dan lewat tanah sedangkan faktor B adalah takaran pemberian boron yang terdiri dari tanpa pemberian pupuk , pemberian boron 1,5 g.pohon-1, 3 g. Pohon-1, 4,5 g.pohon-1 dan 6 g.pohon-1 setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 tanaman sehingga kombinasi perlakuan menjadi 2 x 5 x 3 x 5 = 150 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah Boron total daun, viabilitas pollen, total pentil yang terbentuk, persentase pentil sehat, dan pentil layu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode aplikasi pupuk boron berpengaruh terhadap layu pentil kakao. Metode aplikasi boron lewat daun dengan dosis 0, 4,5 dan 6 g.tanaman-1 memberikan nilai pentil layu yang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan metode aplikasi boron lewat daun dosis 1,5, dan 3 g.tanaman-1 serta metode aplikasi lewat tanah dosis 6 g.tanaman-1 memberikan persentase pentil sehat yang lebih tinggi. Metode aplikasi lewat daun dengan dosis 3 g.tanaman-1 adalah dosis maksimal yang mampu memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap viabilitas pollen, jumlah buah, dan persentase pentil sehat.

Pengaruh pemberian kalsium terhadap perubahan karakter anatomi pelepah bibit kelapa sawit tercekam kekeringan Novi Yulanda Sari; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Agrivet : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian dan Peternakan (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veteriner) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/agrivet.v11i1.5737

One of the environmental limiting factors on the growth and productivity of oil palm is drought stress. Various studies have shown that besides inhibiting the oil palm’s physiological and biochemical processes, severe drought stress also causes morphological changes in the form of oil palm frond fractures. However, research related to calcium’s role in increasing the oil palm seedling’s resistance exposed to drought stress is still limited. This research was conducted to determine the calcium effect and drought stress on the frond anatomical character changes of oil palm seedlings. The study was conducted using a complete randomized block design consisting of two treatments with three replications. The first treatment is drought stress level: field capacity, moderate, and severe drought stress. The second treatment is calcium dose: 0, 50, 100, and 150%. The results showed that drought stress at moderate and severe levels decreased the length and width of epidermal, hypodermis thickness, phloem, and xylem diameter of oil palm frond seedlings. Supplying Ca at 0.08 g increased the cohesiveness and structural strength of frond tissue by increasing the length and width of epidermal tissue and phloem diameter.

Respon Anatomis Jaringan Xylem dan Floem Akar Bibit Kelapa Sawit Tercekam Kekeringan terhadap Pemupukan Kalsium Novi Yulanda Sari; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
JURNAL GREEN HOUSE Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Green House
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63296/jgh.v2i1.25

Cekaman kekeringan akibat perubahan iklim global mengakibatkan kerusakan fisiologis pada kelapa sawit berupa patah pelepah. Tingkat cekaman kekeringan yang parah juga berdampak pada penurunan produktifitas kelapa sawit. Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan, maka salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui pemberian kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis Ca terhadap modifikasi anatomi jaringan pembuluh xylem dan floem akar bibit kelapa sawit sebagai mekanisme adaptasi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan untuk mengurangi resiko patah pelepah. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor perlakuan pertama yaitu dosis kalsium: 0, 50, 100 dan 150%. Faktor perlakuan kedua yaitu tingkat cekaman kekeringan: kapasitas lapang, moderat dan cekaman berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berat menurunkan ketebalan diameter floem akar bibit kelapa sawit. Kalsium dapat meningkatkan kekuatan struktural jaringan pembuluh akar bibit kelapa sawit melalui peningkatan diameter floem akar pada dosis Ca 100% dan peningkatan ketebalan diameter xylem pada bibit yang terekspos cekaman berat pada dosis Ca 50%.

SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values provide good estimation of the chlorophyll content for Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. Leaves Andi Nur CAHYO; Rudi Hari MURTI; Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA; Tri Rini NURINGTYAS; Denis FABRE; Pascal MONTORO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 1 (2020): 88 (1), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i1.369

Measurement of chlorophyll content using destructive methods is not efficient due to a large number of samples, cost, and time needed. Estimationof chlorophyll content by nondestructive methods using handheld chlorophyll meter may be considered to improve efficiency. This research aimed to determine the formula to convert SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values (relative indicator of chlorophyll content) to estimated (absolute) rubber leaves chlorophyll content. Twenty leaves of rubber plant were measured using SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS at the same time to determine SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values. The measured leaves were then collected to determine the chlorophyll content using a standard laboratory procedure. Regression and correlation analyses (among 3 methods) were conducted using SAS v.9 software. The results showed that between SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values were closely correlated, hence both of the devices can substitute each other to estimate rubber leaf chlorophyll content. In addition, the relationship between atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 values with actual chlorophyll content of rubber clone SP 217, PB 260, GT1, and all clones (general) were significant with high coefficient of determination (R2) as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Therefore, by using formula determined in this study, both atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 can be suggested for accurate, fast, and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content of rubber plant leaf.

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