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Muslim-Malay Women in Political Leadership: Navigating Challenges and Shaping the Future Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Syed Jaafar, Syed Mohd Jeffri; Md Ariffin, Mohd Farhan; Kasa, Annuar Ramadhon; Qotadah, Hudzaifah Achmad; Achmad, Adang Darmawan; Siswanto, Siswanto
Mazahib Vol 23 No 1 (2024): VOLUME 23, ISSUE 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UINSI Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21093/mj.v23i1.7500

Women's participation in politics, particularly in leadership roles, remains a contentious topic within Muslim communities. This situation is due primarily to the prevalent interpretation that men are inherently more qualified for national leadership positions, as influenced by the patriarchal structure of society and persistent stereotypes that undermine women's capabilities. These cultural and societal barriers hinder women's ascension to the highest echelons of political power, especially in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. This study seeks to analyze Islamic jurisprudence originating from the Quran and hadith interpretation of women's status to address the common misconception that Islam inherently supports misogyny. It then contextually puts the analysis of Malay women's obstacles in achieving political leadership in Malaysia and Indonesia. This socio-legal research is aimed at understanding the complexities of gender-based challenges in political settings caused by prevailing non-moderate interpretation of Sharia sources combined with patriarchal culture in the Malay world. It reveals that historically, in Malay, women have been entrusted with national leadership responsibilities. Similarly, from an Islamic perspective, there appears to be a misinterpretation of hadith regarding the prohibition of appointing women as national leaders. Thus, this traditional culture that permits women to hold leadership positions must be re-polished because women can utilize their liberties, including leadership, previously denied by non-moderate views.

The Fiqh Wasaṭiyyah Approach Towards the Involvement of Malaysian Women in Religious Extremism Phenomenon Abd Razak, Muhd Imran; Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Abdul Rahim, Rahimin Affandi; Awang Pawi, Awang Azman; Yusof, Muhammad Yusri; Hassan, Paiz
Al-Risalah Vol 19 No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia

The trend of women’s active participation in religious extremism phenomenon has become a serious global threat, including for Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia. This paper aims to offer a fiqh approach in the form of wasaṭiyyah in order to reinforce counter-laws of religious extremism, especially on the issue of Malaysian women’s involvement in the Daesh extremist group (al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyyah fī al-ʻIrāq wa al-Shām). Through library and field research, this paper concludes that an approach of fiqh wasaṭiyyah, which is based on the reality of law and the reality of religious extremism, can be developed. This research is hoped to assist various parties, especially the Malaysian government, to improve existing deradicalization process and strengthen the efforts to restraint religious extremism in the grassroots.

The Quest for Third Gender Equality: Challenges and Implications for Islamic Law and Muslim Women's Sustainability in Malaysia Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Kasa, Annuar Ramadhon; Muhamad Sharifuddin, Nurhidayah; Yusof, Muhammad Yusri; Hassan, Paiz
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v24i2.37746

Fundamentally, men and women constitute the two primary gender binaries in the construction of human society. Khunthā, however, refers to individuals with anomalies. There are no specific exemptions regarding this group in the discourse of Islamic law. Recently, the third gender group has been advocating for equal rights with the binary gender group. Although the third gender is not recognized in Islam, efforts to acknowledge them have been increasing in certain Islamic nations, including Malaysia. They argue that they are assigned to an incorrect gender. Consequently, individuals transition to a different gender identity, such as trans-women or trans-men. The universalism of Western human rights serves as inspiration for the demand for third-gender rights, which opposes local religious and cultural norms. Additionally, this paper explores the implications of third-gender recognition on Muslim women and the sustainability of Islamic law in Malaysia. This qualitative study employs the library research process to collect relevant documentation to achieve the objective. Content analysis of the gathered material was conducted inductively to assess the implications of the third gender claim on Islamic law and women. According to the study's findings, recognizing the third gender's ambition for equality would lead to modifications in laws and the diminishment of women's rights as they would have to share resources and benefits with biological males. AbstrakSecara fundamental, laki-laki dan perempuan membentuk dua biner gender utama dalam konstruksi masyarakat manusia. Khunthā, bagaimanapun, merujuk pada individu dengan anomali. Dalam diskursus hukum Islam, tidak ada pengecualian khusus mengenai kelompok ini. Baru-baru ini, kelompok gender ketiga telah mulai memperjuangkan kesetaraan hak dengan kelompok gender biner. Meskipun gender ketiga tidak diakui dalam Islam, upaya untuk mengakui mereka semakin meningkat di beberapa negara Islam termasuk Malaysia. Mereka berargumen bahwa mereka ditetapkan pada gender yang tidak sesuai. Akibatnya, individu bertransisi ke identitas gender yang berbeda, seperti trans-wanita atau trans-pria. Universalitas hak asasi manusia Barat menjadi inspirasi bagi tuntutan hak kelompok gender ketiga ini, yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma agama dan budaya lokal. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi implikasi pengakuan gender ketiga terhadap perempuan Muslim dan keberlanjutan hukum Islam di Malaysia. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan proses penelitian kepustakaan secara menyeluruh untuk mengumpulkan dokumentasi yang relevan guna mencapai tujuan tersebut. Analisis konten terhadap bahan yang dikumpulkan dilakukan secara induktif untuk menilai implikasi tuntutan gender ketiga terhadap hukum Islam dan perempuan. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, pengakuan terhadap ambisi kesetaraan gender ketiga akan menyebabkan modifikasi dalam hukum dan pengurangan hak-hak perempuan karena mereka harus berbagi sumber daya dan manfaat dengan laki-laki biologis.

Conflict Resolution in Sharia Business Bankruptcies in Indonesia: Ethical and Legal Challenges Siswanto, Siswanto; Achmad, Adang Darmawan; Qotadah, Hudzaifah Achmad; Ramli, Mohd Anuar
Az-Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): Az Zarqa'
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/azzarqa.v15i2.3182

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze and provide a description of the reasons why bankruptcy disputes in the Islamic economy continue to fall under the jurisdiction of the Commercial Court, a Special Court subordinate to the District Court. Additionally, it seeks to determine the ramifications of divergent Sharia norms and principles in business bankruptcy disputes involving Sharia contracts when resolved in accordance with conventional laws and regulations. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted with the primary data obtained through several relevant sources. Data analysis was carried out using a legal approach, a sociological approach, and a philosophical approach. This study concluded that, in spite of the fact that it has been almost 18 years since the Commercial Court was established, the truth remains that it continues to have jurisdiction over insolvency cases in the Sharia commercial business sector. The absolute authority of the Religious Courts to address Sharia economic issues was expanded by Law No. 3 of 2006, which was passed in 2006. This leaves a significant question mark regarding the challenges and opposing norms and principles that may arise regarding insolvency disputes in Sharia economic enterprise if they are decided and handled using conventional general procedures and rules. Additionally, the Constitutional Court decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012 is exceedingly significant. It ends the dualistic way of resolving disputes in Sharia economics. It clarifies that Sharia economic disputes decided in the District Court do not have binding legal force if they are looked at further. Therefore, business bankruptcies and companies employing Sharia contracts are included in this disagreement and other commercial conflicts. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dan mendeskripsikan mengapa sampai saat ini sengketa kepailitan pada ekonomi syariah masih menjadi kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga yang merupakan Pengadilan Khusus dibawah Pengadilan Negeri, dan apa akibatnya terhadap perbedaan norma dan prinsip Syariah pada sengketa kepailitan usaha yang berdasarkan akad Syariah jika diselesaikan melalui hukum dan undang-undang yang masih bersifat konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualititaf dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum, pendekatan sosiologis, dan pendekatan filosofis. Kajian ini berkesimpulan bahwa meskipun sudah hampir 18 tahun Pengadilan Niaga berdiri, faktanya Pengadilan Niaga masih memiliki yurisdiksi atas perkara kepailitan di sektor bisnis komersial syariah. Kewenangan absolut Pengadilan Agama untuk menangani masalah ekonomi Syariah diperluas oleh UU No. 3 tahun 2006, yang disahkan pada tahun 2006. Hal ini menyisakan tanda tanya besar mengenai tantangan dan pertentangan norma dan prinsip yang mungkin timbul terkait sengketa kepailitan di bidang ekonomi syariah jika diputuskan dan ditangani dengan menggunakan prosedur dan aturan umum konvensional. Selain itu, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012 sangat signifikan. Putusan ini mengakhiri cara dualistik dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah. Putusan tersebut menjelaskan bahwa sengketa ekonomi syariah yang diputus di Pengadilan Negeri tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat jika ditinjau lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu, kepailitan bisnis dan perusahaan yang menggunakan kontrak Syariah termasuk dalam perselisihan ini dan konflik komersial lainnya.

Pendekatan Wasatiyah (sederhana) dalam Hubungan Sosial Masyarakat Majemuk di Malaysia Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Ismail, Paizah Hj.; Abdullah, Ahmad Badri
Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Universitas Negri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jaqfi.v1i2.1718

Kajian ini memfokuskan terhadap pendekatan wasatiyyah (sederhana) dalam berinteraksi dengan orang bukan Islam dalam konteks masyarakat majemuk di Malaysia. Pendekatan ini penting dalam mengimbangi antara dua kumpulan ekstrem dalam masyarakat Islam, yaitu antara pendekatan golongan literalis yang sempit dengan pendekatan golongan liberalis yang longgar. Pendekatan literalis cenderung membentuk hubungan konflik dengan orang bukan Islam, manakala pendekatan golongan liberalis cenderung kepada pluralisme agama yang dilarang. Untuk menggarap pendekatan wasatiyyah, pengkaji menganalisis data-data kualitatif yang bersumberkan petunjuk Alquran dan pedoman Sunah Nabi Saw. Hasil kajian mendapati wujudnya asas hubungan sosial yang sederhana sesuai dengan konteks masyarakat majemuk di Malaysia, yaitu saling kenal mengenali antara satu sama lain bagi mengelak pencabulan sensitiviti agama, saling berdialog untuk meningkatkan persepahaman antara agama, saling bertoleransi untuk mencetuskan suasana kehidupan yang harmoni, berlaku adil bagi menghindari kezaliman terhadap agama lain, tiada paksaan dan pemaksaan untuk mengikut ajaran Islam atau kebebasan beragama serta membina identiti yang eksklusif sebagai benteng untuk menghindari penyerupaan yang dilarang oleh Syarak. Melalui pendekatan yang bersifat sederhana ini, hubungan sosial dapat berlangsung selari dengan tuntutan syariat.

Autonomy and Islamic Criminal Law Enforcement in Creating Social Order in Aceh Region Anwar, Syahrul; Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Nuruddien, Muhammad
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 17, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Shariah Faculty UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v17i2.32771

This study departed from the special status of Aceh as the only province in Indonesia granted specific authority to implement Islamic law through Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh. One of the manifestations of this special status is the existence of the Sharia Court, which holds the authority to adjudicate jinayah (Islamic criminal) cases, such as khalwat (close proximity between unmarried individuals), maisir (gambling), and khamar (alcohol consumption). This research aims to analyse how the Sharia Court performs its judicial function in resolving jinayah cases, the challenges it faces in practice, and the effectiveness of jinayahenforcement in fostering justice and social order. The method used is an empirical juridical approach, with data collected through interviews, document analysis, and direct observation. The findings reveal that the Sharia Court plays a significant role in enforcing Islamic criminal law in Aceh. However, the implementation of the jinayahstill faces several obstacles, particularly regarding coordination among law enforcement agencies, limited human resources, and resistance from certain segments of society toward the jinayah law. These findings suggest that the success of jinayahenforcement is not solely dependent on regulations but also on the readiness of judicial institutions, community support, and synergy among legal enforcement bodies. This study is expected to make a significant contribution to the evaluation and reinforcement of the Sharia judicial system within the framework of Aceh’s special autonomy, while offering strategic recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic law enforcement that is just and sustainable.

The Fiqh Wasaá¹iyyah Approach Towards the Involvement of Malaysian Women in Religious Extremism Phenomenon Abd Razak, Muhd Imran; Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Abdul Rahim, Rahimin Affandi; Awang Pawi, Awang Azman; Yusof, Muhammad Yusri; Hassan, Paiz
Al-Risalah Vol 19 No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30631/alrisalah.v19i2.479

The trend of womenâ€™s active participation in religious extremism phenomenon has become a serious global threat, including for Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia. This paper aims to offer a fiqh approach in the form of wasaá¹iyyah in order to reinforce counter-laws of religious extremism, especially on the issue of Malaysian womenâ€™s involvement in the Daesh extremist group (al-Dawlah al-IslÄmiyyah fÄ« al-Ê»IrÄq wa al-ShÄm). Through library and field research, this paper concludes that an approach of fiqh wasaá¹iyyah, which is based on the reality of law and the reality of religious extremism, can be developed. This research is hoped to assist various parties, especially the Malaysian government, to improve existing deradicalization process and strengthen the efforts to restraint religious extremism in the grassroots.

The Quest for Third Gender Equality: Challenges and Implications for Islamic Law and Muslim Women's Sustainability in Malaysia Ramli, Mohd Anuar; Kasa, Annuar Ramadhon; Muhamad Sharifuddin, Nurhidayah; Yusof, Muhammad Yusri; Hassan, Paiz
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol. 24 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v24i2.37746

Fundamentally, men and women constitute the two primary gender binaries in the construction of human society. Khunthā, however, refers to individuals with anomalies. There are no specific exemptions regarding this group in the discourse of Islamic law. Recently, the third gender group has been advocating for equal rights with the binary gender group. Although the third gender is not recognized in Islam, efforts to acknowledge them have been increasing in certain Islamic nations, including Malaysia. They argue that they are assigned to an incorrect gender. Consequently, individuals transition to a different gender identity, such as trans-women or trans-men. The universalism of Western human rights serves as inspiration for the demand for third-gender rights, which opposes local religious and cultural norms. Additionally, this paper explores the implications of third-gender recognition on Muslim women and the sustainability of Islamic law in Malaysia. This qualitative study employs the library research process to collect relevant documentation to achieve the objective. Content analysis of the gathered material was conducted inductively to assess the implications of the third gender claim on Islamic law and women. According to the study's findings, recognizing the third gender's ambition for equality would lead to modifications in laws and the diminishment of women's rights as they would have to share resources and benefits with biological males. AbstrakSecara fundamental, laki-laki dan perempuan membentuk dua biner gender utama dalam konstruksi masyarakat manusia. Khunthā, bagaimanapun, merujuk pada individu dengan anomali. Dalam diskursus hukum Islam, tidak ada pengecualian khusus mengenai kelompok ini. Baru-baru ini, kelompok gender ketiga telah mulai memperjuangkan kesetaraan hak dengan kelompok gender biner. Meskipun gender ketiga tidak diakui dalam Islam, upaya untuk mengakui mereka semakin meningkat di beberapa negara Islam termasuk Malaysia. Mereka berargumen bahwa mereka ditetapkan pada gender yang tidak sesuai. Akibatnya, individu bertransisi ke identitas gender yang berbeda, seperti trans-wanita atau trans-pria. Universalitas hak asasi manusia Barat menjadi inspirasi bagi tuntutan hak kelompok gender ketiga ini, yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma agama dan budaya lokal. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi implikasi pengakuan gender ketiga terhadap perempuan Muslim dan keberlanjutan hukum Islam di Malaysia. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan proses penelitian kepustakaan secara menyeluruh untuk mengumpulkan dokumentasi yang relevan guna mencapai tujuan tersebut. Analisis konten terhadap bahan yang dikumpulkan dilakukan secara induktif untuk menilai implikasi tuntutan gender ketiga terhadap hukum Islam dan perempuan. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, pengakuan terhadap ambisi kesetaraan gender ketiga akan menyebabkan modifikasi dalam hukum dan pengurangan hak-hak perempuan karena mereka harus berbagi sumber daya dan manfaat dengan laki-laki biologis.

Lecturers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia OK, Azizah Hanum; Arsyad, Junaidi; Budianti, Yusnaili; Ananda, Rusydi; Shukor, Syahirah Abdul; Ramli, Mohd Anuar
Tarbiyah Wa Ta'lim: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Vol 12 No 3 (2025): TARBIYAH WA TA’LIM November 2025
Publisher : UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21093/twt.v12i3.12041

Abstrak Integrasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) semakin memengaruhi praktik pembelajaran di pendidikan tinggi, baik dalam efektivitas pedagogis maupun dinamika interaksi akademik. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana dosen di Indonesia dan Malaysia memaknai serta mempraktikkan penggunaan AI, sekaligus mengidentifikasi faktor yang membentuk persamaan dan perbedaannya. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain comparative case study digunakan, melibatkan 30 dosen melalui survei naratif dan wawancara semi-terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI dipandang sebagai alat yang meningkatkan efisiensi kerja akademik dan mendukung pengembangan materi pembelajaran. Namun, muncul kekhawatiran mengenai ketergantungan mahasiswa, penurunan kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta akurasi keluaran AI. Perbedaan antarnegara terlihat pada kedalaman integrasi: dosen Malaysia cenderung lebih intensif memanfaatkan AI dalam aktivitas pembelajaran, sedangkan dosen Indonesia lebih berhati-hati dan menekankan verifikasi manual. Faktor kebijakan institusional, literasi digital, dan budaya akademik turut membentuk variasi tersebut. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan penggunaan AI yang jelas serta penguatan literasi etis bagi dosen dan mahasiswa. Kata kunci: analisis fenomenologi interpretatif (IPA), dosen, kecerdasan buatan, pendidikan tinggi Abstract The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing learning practices in higher education, both in pedagogical effectiveness and in the dynamics of academic interaction. This study analyzes how lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia interpret and practice the use of AI while identifying factors that form similarities and differences. A qualitative approach with a comparative case study design was used, involving 30 lecturers through narrative surveys and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and thematic analysis. The results show that AI is considered a tool that improves the efficiency of academic work and supports the development of learning materials. However, there are concerns about student dependency, decreased critical thinking skills, and the accuracy of AI output. Differences between countries can be seen in the depth of integration: Malaysian lecturers tend to use AI more intensively in learning activities, while Indonesian lecturers are more cautious and emphasize manual verification. Institutional policy factors, digital literacy, and academic culture also influence these variations. The findings emphasize the value of developing clear AI policies and strengthening ethical literacy for faculty and students. Keywords: artificial intelligence, higher education, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)

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