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New Settlement Areas at Forbiden Zone of Merapi Volcano (Case at Srumbung, Magelang) Ritohardoyo, Su; Priyono, P
Forum Geografi Vol 15, No 2 (2001): December 2001
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v15i2.4577

One of the chronicle problem in the disaster control of volcano eruption is the resettlement of relocated or transmigrated people to prohibitive region of the volcano. The more serious problem is happened when some of the labourers sand and stone mining living in those prohibitive region. Starting from those stated sttlement problem, this research aims at exposing the change, process, and continuity of setlement in the prohibitive region. This study employs so called sampling technique. Quota sampling is carried out according to village type. Two agricultural and mining village types in the prohibitive region are selected representing the sampling areas, encompassed administrative divisions of Srumbung subdistrict. The number of respondents are 60 households, selected unproportionally based on the village type. Primary data is collected diret communication with informants are key persons. Data analysis employs frequenccy and cross tabulation, and t test analysis. The study reveals that settlement changes in prohibitive region of Merapi vulcano has been fluctuatively recorded since 1006 based on the strength of Merapi vulcano eruption. However intensively settlement changes as an impact of the Merapi vulcano eruption have been recorded sine 1930 up to 1975 followed by more than 1742 people be dead as a victims and environment deterioration. The eruptions in 1954 and 1969 have resulted in drastically changes of physical and administrative condition village of Kaligesik and Gimal. At least 9 hamlets in both villages have been destroyed by ânue ardenteâ and cold lava. Those eruptions have than change the administrative status of villages to be. Resettlement process within two hamlets in prohibitive region have taken place due to differences in origin area of the shelter, motivation to settle, and settlement pattern. Those two settle in mining villages are mining are mining labourer and mostly comes from outer subdistricts or districts, whereas those who stay in agriculture village are local people. The latter mostly joined transmigration program, which are supposed to stay in outer islands. A part from origin area, the difference of two settlers is also indicated by motivation. Economic motives are more dominant for those who settle in mining village than those who settle in agriculture village. The latter tend to have social motives to stay. The difference in settlement pattern between the vilages lays in âintermediary settlementâ. This means that mining settlers have previously stayed in transmigration area. The duration to stay is between 15 to 20 years as compared to mining settlers whose duration to stay are between 5 to 10 years. Although the average household monthly inome in the respective two vilages is relatif the same (i.e. Rp 323,366 in Kaligesik and Rp 335,557 in Sumberejo), the physical condition of housing in Sumberejo look a little better than in Kaligesik. Despite the respective differences, people in the two villages tend to stay permanently. This means that the effort to vacant these prohibitive region will become more difficult.

New Settlement Areas at Forbiden Zone of Merapi Volcano (Case at Srumbung, Magelang) Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 14, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v14i2.444

One of the chronicle problem in the disaster control of volcano eruption is the resettlement of relocated or transmigrated people to prohibitive region of the volcano. The more serious problem is happened when some of the labourers sand and stone mining living in those prohibitive region. Starting from those stated sttlement problem, this research aims at exposing the change, process, and continuity of setlement in the prohibitive region. This study employs so called sampling technique. Quota sampling is carried out according to village type. Two agricultural and mining village types in the prohibitive region are selected representing the sampling areas, encompassed administrative divisions of Srumbung subdistrict. The number of respondents are 60 households, selected unproportionally based on the village type. Primary data is collected diret communication with informants are key persons. Data analysis employs frequenccy and cross tabulation, and t test analysis. The study reveals that settlement changes in prohibitive region of Merapi vulcano has been fluctuatively recorded since 1006 based on the strength of Merapi vulcano eruption. However intensively settlement changes as an impact of the Merapi vulcano eruption have been recorded sine 1930 up to 1975 followed by more than 1742 people be dead as a victims and environment deterioration. The eruptions in 1954 and 1969 have resulted in drastically changes of physical and administrative condition village of Kaligesik and Gimal. At least 9 hamlets in both villages have been destroyed by ânue ardenteâ and cold lava. Those eruptions have than change the administrative status of villages to be. Resettlement process within two hamlets in prohibitive region have taken place due to differences in origin area of the shelter, motivation to settle, and settlement pattern. Those two settle in mining villages are mining are mining labourer and mostly comes from outer subdistricts or districts, whereas those who stay in agriculture village are local people. The latter mostly joined transmigration program, which are supposed to stay in outer islands. A part from origin area, the difference of two settlers is also indicated by motivation. Economic motives are more dominant for those who settle in mining village than those who settle in agriculture village. The latter tend to have social motives to stay. The difference in settlement pattern between the vilages lays in âintermediary settlementâ. This means that mining settlers have previously stayed in transmigration area. The duration to stay is between 15 to 20 years as compared toÂ mining settlers whose duration to stay are between 5 to 10 years. Although the average household monthly inomeÂ in the respective two vilages is relatif the same (i.e. Rp 323,366 in Kaligesik and Rp 335,557 in Sumberejo), the physical condition of housing in Sumberejo look a little better than in Kaligesik. Despite the respective differences, people in the two villages tend to stay permanently. This means that the effort to vacant these prohibitive region will become more difficult.

The Utilization of Rawa Pening Swamp Area for Fisheries Ritohardoyo, Su; Sontosudarmo, Alip
Forum Geografi Vol 11, No 1 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v11i1.499

This article concern with the impact of the fishery âkarambaâ system on socio-economics of fishermen in the Rawa Pening Environs. The aim of the study is to appraise the activities of fishery âkarambaâ system. In the relationship with loccal fishermen income, and labor force employment. To some extent, the research is directed to study on income differentation based on job status as fishermen and âkarambaâ farmers. Differentation of tools kinds for fishing, and seasonal variation. Survey method is employed in this research, whether it is for karamba farmer or local fishermen. Respondent number about 187 consists of 139 fishermen, 28 âkarambaâ labors, and 20 âkarambaâ farmers. Technical of tabulation and âtâ test statistical use for data analysis.The research shows that fishery âkarambaâ system so much decreases on the activities, number of facilities, and it fish production. Decreasing of those are mainly caused by uncontrolled growth of âeceng gondokâ (Eichornia crassipes), capital constrain, and security constraint especially stealing of fish production. The existing of fishery âkarambaâ system employs 68,00% labors are local fishermen, and 32,00% are not fishermen come from other areas. Viewed by the job opportunities most of part contribute âkarambaâ farmers (55%) who ome from out of the area, and 45% âkarambaâ farmer are local people. Really affect of the fishery âkarambaâ system to the local fishermen is decreasing of fish production. Fish production of local fishermen has been lower since fishery âkarambaâ system be carried out in this lake. Though the fish production of fishery âkarambaâ system decreases, however income average of the âkarambaâ farmer is higher (Rp 1,849,000/annum) than the income average of local fishermen. The average of fishermen income who using fish grasper is higher (Rp 1,401,000/annum) than the average of fishermen income who using fish trap (Rp 1,21,000/unnum) and who using fish grasper and fish trap (Rp 1,349,000/annum). Nevertheless the average of fishermenâs income is higher than âkarambaâsâ labor (Rp 897,000). This research is also finding wether it is average production or income of the âkarambaâ farmer are not seasonal, and those are quite difference with local fishermen. The average of fish production on dry season (825 kg) are higher than on wet season (625 kg). Therefore, the average of income on dry season are higher than that on wet season.

Regional Inventory Approach for Paddy Plantation Area Estimation at Yogyakarta Special Province Noorhadi, Noorhadi; Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 16, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v16i2.604

Generally agricultural data could be collected by several techniques, i.e. rural statistic, sensus, administrative by product, multiple frame samplingÂ surcey, and frame sampling survey regional inventory. However this research aim was stressed on applying of regional inventory for estimating of rice planting area. This research was carried out in Yogyakarta Special Region. Survey method was employed by data collecting from field observation of land cover on seleted area sample. Proportion of the land over was extrapolated for grasping every kind of land covers on population area. Several steps of research are land stratification, composting of frame sampling, segment sample extraction, field works, and data analysis. Digital Map of Rie Field Standard sacle 1:100.000 used for land stratifying, result three polygons are wetland arable, dry land arable, and highland arable. Based on the frame sampling and its extraction used Systemic Aligned Random Sampling, were selected 53 segment sample distributed in 32 sub districts. Data analysis was performed through desriptive technnique in which mathematically analysis was mmostly used. Result of the research indicates that the regional inventory approach is suitable enough for estimation of rice planting area. However several modifications need to be adapted to the region characteristic. The result of the estimatio shows that the rice planting area on the first period since land preparation up to harvest season (May 2002) is 23,694 ha. Generative phase of rice planting is dominant on the riice field. This phase indicates that the area prediction of rice harvest on July 2002 is about 10,028 ha. The acumulative area of rice harvest on period May â September 2002 is estimated about 22,269 ha. The result of this research finds out that the rice planting area on the second period (July 2002) is predicted about 12,780 ha. On this period, the area is dominated by the phase of rice harvest about 7,015 ha. Based on the rice planting area at phase generative on this period can be predicted that rice harvest area up to September 2002 is about 2,743.7 ha. The acumulative area of rie havest on period July up to the end of November 2002 is estimated about 5,764.87 ha. In generally, regional inventory approach is suitable for estimating for rice planting area.

Influence of Private Forest Land to Farmers Welfare in Yogyakarta Special Province Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 13, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v13i2.458

Forest people land use pratices with economic and ecological orientation have been developed in the vicinity of forest areas. Nevertheless, policy makers view this development as detrimental to the forest it self. Forestry programs directed to accommodate public participation are uniformly designed and implemented, ignoring the physical and social variantion of rural areas. Thus there is a need for research on spatial variation of the social forestry program especially related to its success and impact on welfare. The research is carried out in Yogyakarta speial province employed a survei method and spatial approach. Stratified cluster sampling is used on the basis of variations in physiographic characteristics. Secondary data are also collected in forms of literatures and previous research in the field. Primary data are obtained through a structured interview using a set of questionnaires. Data are analyzed using simple tabulation method as well as statistical techniques.The research shows that in general people forest land use has been sucessfully implemented in the province. It is important to note that a more successfull implementation of people forest land use is found in the private rather than government initiated forest. In the less accessible areas people forest land use activities are much more successfull than in the accessible ones. Social forestry land use in the volcanic slope physiography is much better than that in either undulating or karst areas. Among important factors affecting the success of people forest land use are land ownership, education level, technology, land accessibility and percentage of plant growth. It is also confirmed that accessibility is the most important factor affecting the success of an people forest land use. The research also reveals that people forest land use has been very important in improving the farmers welfare. A composite indicator shows that the welfare of farmers is much improved after the adoption of people forest land use, with the highest achievement is obtained by farmers in the volcanic slopes.

Rural Settlement Development and Environment Carrying Capacity Changes in Progo River Basin Ritohardoyo, Su; Priyono, P
Forum Geografi Vol 19, No 2 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v19i2.4843

Generally the broader rural settlement the heavier population pressure on agricultural land. It indicates that carrying capacity of the rural environment threatened lower. The spatial distribution of the threat in a river basin is quite important as one of the river basin management inputs. Therefore, this article aims at exposing result of research about influence rural population growth and rural settlement land changes to environment carrying capacity. This research was carried out in the rural area in Progo river basin consists 56 sub districts (34 sub districts part of Jawa Tengah Province, and 22 sub districts part of Yogyakarta Special Region). The whole sub districts are such as unit analysis, and research method is based on secondary data analysis. Several data consist Districts Region in Figure 1997 and 2003 (Temanggung, Magelang, Kulon Progo, Sleman and Bantul) such as secondary data analysis. Data analysis employs of frequency and cross tabulation, statistics of regression and test. Result of the research shows that population growth of the rural areas in Progo river basin are about 0.72% annum; or the household growth about 3.15% annum as long as five years (1996-2003). Spatial distribution of the population growth in the upper part of the Progo river basin is higher than in the middle and lower part of the basin. The number proportion of farmer in every sub district area in this river basin have increased from 69.95% in 1997 to 70.81% in the year of 2003. It means that work opportunities broadening are still sluggish. However, the number proportion of farmers in the upper part of the Progo river basin is lower than in the middle and lower part of the basin. The rates of settlement land areas changes (0.32 ha/annum) as long as five years (1997-2003) is not as fast as the rates of agricultural land areas changes (0.47 ha/annum). Spatial land settlement areas changes in the lower (6.1 ha/annum) and middle parts (2.4 ha/annum) faster than upper part of the river basin, as a consequence the different accessibility to urban area. Environment carrying capacity of every sub district areas in this river basin becomes lower as long as five years (1997-2003). In the upper part of the basin however, the index of environment carrying data (0.13) higher than in the lower part of this river basin (0.09), especially in the several sub districts surrounding urban area. The environment carrying capacity of Progo river basin depends on the land settlement and the growth of household number changes. However, influence of the land settlement area changes is stronger than the growth of household number changes to the environment carrying capacity. This result of research shows that spatial and temporal characteristics of settlement environment degradation in the lower and middle parts wider than in the upper part of Progo river basin in the coming twenty five of years.

Perubahan Permukiman Perdesaan Pesisir Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 1996-2003 Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 21, No 1 (2007): July 2007
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v21i1.1817

One of the impacts of coastal region development is settlement change. Because of that, this article presents a result of research about changing of settlement land area, house buildings, settlement facilities since 1996 up to 2003, and several factors which influence to the changing. This research was carried out in 20 karst villages borders on Indian Ocean so-called coastal villages in of Gunungkidul Regency as analysis units. Data analysis employs so-called secondary data analysis method, using Village Potentials Cencus (PODES) data were published in Statistics Central Bureau. Data analysis employs frequency, cross tabulations, and statistical analysis. Result of this research shows that as long as 1996 up to 2003 the settlement land area increases on 0.24 % per annum on an average, while the house building number on 6.14 % per annum. Spatially several coastal rural villages are near or as a tourism object or as a district office locations are higher developing than the others of coastal rural villages. It means that the development of tourism objects as long as 1996 up to 2003 has influenced the coastal rural settlement development. Generally, the development of coastal rural settlement is significantly also influenced by thirteen of physical and socio-economical factors (R=0.903; Sig.=0.05). In detail however, among the 13th of physical and socio-economical factors are only five factors significant influence to the development of coastal rural settlement. The 5th factors are the average of place elevation, well number, propotion of agriculteral land area, household densty, and population density. Based on that findings in order to develope of coastal rural settlement especially in karst region, besides the development of tourism objects, the five factors should be taken in consideration.

Utilization of Tidal Land of The Wonogiri Reservoir Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 13, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v13i1.464

ManagementÂ of water dam often failures due to the limited attention to the socio-economic activities of the local population. This research is conerned with agricultural land utilization practiced by the local inhabitants in the vicinity of the dam. Special attention is devoted to characteristics and motivation of the farming households, the way in which lands are utilized, as well as the contribution of the activities to the welfare of the households. The research combines secondary data analysis and a household survey. Primary data are collected via a household survey covering a sample of 150 households cultivating the draw down land of the dam. These households are taken by a simple random sampling, representing some 5,890 hhouseholds living in the vicinity of the dam. Data analysis are executed using various statistical techniques in order to test differences and correlation.The study reveals that the tidal areas of the Wonogiri Dam fluctuate from 1,300 to 6,400 hectares, within 1 to 7 moths period per annum. The cultivator of the tidal area consist of the farmer inhabitants of the dam prior to the construction (81,3 percent) and inhabitants of the surrounding areas of the dam and new omers from other areas (18,7 percent). These farming households are pushed to cultivate these lands due to limited control over land resources in their areas of origin ( averaged 1,057 m2). Variations in the areas of origin and motivation in utilizing of the lands do not lead to significant differences in the size of land cultivated in the tidal areas. Most of these lands are devoted to ultivate rice as stapleÂ food (1,470 m2), rather than to cultivate cash crops (palawija) (1,118 m2). Farming techniques employed in these areas are much more simple than those prior to the construction of the dam or those elsewhere at present in the district. The most important factor affecting incomes in this activity is the amount of capital cost spent. These incomes comprises some 60 percent of the farming households.

The Distribution of Rural Settlement Environmental Quality (Case at Bantul, DIY) Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 11, No 2 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v11i2.492

The housing environment problem is the inreased population and housing densityÂ in certain areas, as a consequence of the high population growth rate. This situation has brought about the unavailability of the existing public facilities. Such as the evironmental problem is also faced by Bantul regency. Starting from those stated environment problems, this study has in phased its general objectives on to comprehend the variation of housing environmental quality within various topographical, and to comprehend environment factors influencing the housing environmental quality within various topographial background.this study employs so-called sampling technique. Area sampling is carried out aording to topographical condition. Ten villages are randomly selected representing the sampling areas. The number of respondent is 300 households, selected proportionally based on the area stratification. Primary data is collected direct communication with informants are key persons. Data analysis employed simple correlation technique, multiple regression analysis, and one way variance analysis. The study reveals that differences in topographical characteristics are strongly associated with the differences in the quality of housing environment. The level of village development is also the main variable determining the quality of housing environment. A significant different of housing environment quality both among various topographical zones and various level of village development is reported. The achievement of programs oriented to village environment improvement is varying according to the distribution of village on the topographical zone. A greater success is commonly achieved by villages located in the upland and low land than those in the hilly areas. The social-economic condition of the dwellers is determining the quality of housing environment. Nevertheless, differences in the contribution of various variables to housing environment are encountered. In the whole areas, whether it is lowland, hilly or uplands areas, the family inome to be the first important facctor determining the housing environment quality.

Potential Landuse and Food Production in Watershed Progo Ritohardoyo, Su
Forum Geografi Vol 12, No 1 (1998)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v12i1.483

This paper is an outcome of research concerning spatial differences in forms and coverage of land use in the Progo River Basin. At present the watershed is facing the problem of land use changes from agricultural to non-agriultural ones, leading to the situation of decreasing staple foods. This research is aimed at studying regional variation in the potentials of the research area of the production of staple foods according toland use forms and coverage. Informastion on land use forms and coverage are obtained from the statistical record issued by the Statistical Office of Central Java province and Yogyakarta Speial Provine. As the productivity data on every land use forms are not readily available, the assement on the regional potential is executed on the basis of land use intensity and its apability to produce staple foods. The research reveals that the greatest portion (59 %) of lands in 54 subdistrict in the watershed are highly potential for staple foods production and the rest (41 %) are not potential to moderately potential for staple foods production purpose. The potential for staple foods production in the upper part of the Progo river basin are higher than that in lower part ones. The presence on irrigated land is not always highly potential for staple food production. Although the availability of irrigation water is strongly decisive factor for food prodution (r = 0.661 significant at 99.99 percent), but the presence of built up areas are strongly dictated the potential for food production (r = -0,787 significant at 99.99 percent). The research further shows that the higher the potential for food production, the higher population size (r = 0.791) significant at 99.99 percent). In general it can be concluded that 1) the potentials for food production are determined by the available of irrigation water and the size of the built areas, and 2) the number of population is dictated by the presence of water and potentials for food production.

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