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All Journal Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Kerja Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Abdimas Talenta : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Engagement, Community Services, Empowerment and Development (IJECSED) Journal of Nutrition Science TROPHICO: Tropical Public Health Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Devi Nuraini Santi
Departemen Kesehatan Lingkungan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Journal : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

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Benzene, Toluene, Xylene Levels and Subjective Complaints in Shoe Workshops Ashar, Taufik; Santi, Devi Nuraini; Naria, Evi
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v21i1.14960

Abstract

The demand for shoes must be met by the worldwide shoe manufacturing business, but the inhalation dangers associated with its chemical processes—which use benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)—raise health issues for workers. Initial surveys showed that most shoe manufacturing workshops do not have adequate ventilation. Most workers often complain of symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and headaches. This study examined the relationships between worker symptoms and chemical levels at shoe factories in Medan, Indonesia, in 2017. This was an observational cross-sectional study. The total population was 72 workers in shoe workshops in the small industrial center area in Medan city. The sample size in this study was 47 people in seven shoe workshops. BTX concentrations were measured in seven workshops. Statistical tests used in this study were chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with a significance level of p<0.05. According to the findings, the most common symptoms among employees were coughing (40.4%), dizziness (55.3%), and eye discomfort (55.3% of respondents). The range values were 0.09 ppm to 2.83 ppm, 1.20 ppm to 178.98 ppm, and 0.11 ppm to 50 ppm for benzene, toluene, and xylene, respectively. The two compounds most commonly exposed to levels exceeding the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) threshold level value were toluene (55.3%) and benzene (25.5%), according to ambient readings. Of the workshops that were inspected, only two (28.57%) had a functional ventilation system. Exposure to benzene exceeding the quality standard showed a significant association with dizziness (p = 0.003) and watery eyes (p = 0.003). Meanwhile, exposure to toluene exceeding the permissible limit was significantly associated with dyspnea (p = 0.005). Our research showed that over half of the workforce reported subjective complaints and that levels of benzene and toluene exceeded recommendations for occupational exposure.
Co-Authors ADE PARAMITHA ZEBUA Adri Deslita Situmorang Agsa Sajida Alam Bakti Alprida Harahap Arnold Maruli Asrul Hamonangan Pasaribu barita goklas saragih Budy Wiryawan Dessy Irfi Jayanti Dipo Satryo Suhendra elisabet hutagalung ERNA VERONIKA SINAGA Erwin Saleh Pulungan Evawany Yunita Aritonang evi naria Evi Naria Evi Naria Faddilatul Aisyah faisal azwinsyah fitri mutia sari Fransisca Mariana Batubara Halinda Sari Lubis Ikhsan Ibrahim Imee Syorayah Pane Imerlyn A Silitonga Indirawati, Sri Malem Indra Chahaya Irnawati Marsaulina Irnawati Marsaulina Kezia Purba Khairiah . Launeta Maruyun Purba Marlina Renta Juyanti Butarbutar Marlina Sari martha elnist ramadhani Merry Irasanti Mira Guslaida Lubis Napitu, Sania Nikita Netti Marpaung nurma irama Nurmaini Nurmaini Nurul Hidayah Nasution Putri, Syafreni Annisa Ayu Raja Nindangi Lingga Ramadhani, Adinda Nur Roy maranata saddam musthofa Sikap Berliana Sitepu Simatupang, Putri Damayanty Siregar, Tasya Aulia Putri siti hardinisah Sondang Pasaribu Sri Lestari . Sri Malem Indirawati Surya Darma Surya Dharma Taufik Ashar Tumanggor, Winni R. E. vina anggina Wati Sitohang widya nurul putry Winni R.E Tumanggor Wirsal Hasan yustisia kesuma