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All Journal Ilmu Administrasi Publik Gender Equality: Internasional Journal of Child and Gender Studies NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Ulumuna Journal of Terrorism Studies Interdisciplinary Social Studies Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ)
Zora Arfina Sukabdi
Universitas Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Assessing People’s Willingness to Participate in Counter Violent Extremism Programmes: The development of Counterradicalism Readiness Scale (CoRS) Zora A. Sukabdi
Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy
Publisher : Kuras Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51214/bocp.v4i2.179

Abstract

Counterterrorism approach in Indonesia emphasizes on prevention rather than prosecution. Radicalism could lead to the acts of terrorism; hence, in terms of terrorism prevention, the role of civil society is significant in avoiding radicalization of people. Here lies the urgency of community empowerment. As an instrument to examine people’s readiness in preventing terrorism is unclear, this study was held. The study intends to formulate an instrument for measuring counterradicalism readiness (called ‘CoRS’). It aimed to evaluate people’s readiness to be involved in counterradicalism and CVE (Counter Violent Extremism) programs. The development of CoRS was organized into detailed steps: 1) defining counterradicalism readiness and its aspects, 2) identifying behaviour indicators of counterradicalism readiness, 3) making items for scale, 4) performing items’ readability test, 5) conducting pilot study, and 6) holding statistical analysis. Quantitative method was applied in this study by involving 19 security practitioners to assess CoRS’ content-related validity and 227 participants for the instrument’s reliability (with Alpha Cronbach and Omega McDonnald). The findings demonstrate the efficacy of CoRS’ items in measuring counterradicalism readiness. Furtmermore, CoRS reaches satisfactory reliability α=0.92 and ω=0.93. The study may assist practitioners in identifying people’s readiness and willingness to participate in counterradicalism programs.
The Behaviour Shields against Terrorism Zora Arfina Sukabdi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 5, No 1 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i1.4129

Abstract

Limited empirical research into terrorist offenders’ rehabilitation invites researchers to conduct further researches in the area. Rehabilitating terrorist offenders is a challenging issue, particularly in determining if the offender is genuinely deradicalised, hence observing their verbal and non-verbal attitudes and actions can be an option, and if there is an adequate method in measuring behaviour changes. This study aims to systematically identify behaviour protections against terrorism for the purpose in the prevention of re-offending. Focus Group Discussion with Indonesian counterterrorism experts and professionals were conducted in data collection with qualitative method of analysis. The study shows there are eighteen protective behaviour indicators against terrorism when assessing offenders and their risks. The findings may assist practitioners in designing terrorism prevention and rehabilitation.
STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN RADIKALISASI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 OLEH KEMENTERIAN KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMATIKA (KOMINFO Eko Setyo Utomo; Zora A Sukabdi; Sapto Priyanto
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 9, No 8 (2022): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v9i8.2022.3037-3046

Abstract

Studi ini berpendapat bahwa selama pandemi ini masyarakat dipaksa untuk beradaptasi dengan 'kenormalan baru' dalam setiap aspek kehidupan mereka. Dengan dikeluarkannya kebijakan baru pemerintah untuk membatasi pergerakan orang melalui Kebijakan Pembatasan menimbulkan risiko ancaman yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu bentuk ancaman ini adalah radikalisasi di media sosial. Pandemi telah mengubah media sosial menjadi platform yang lebih nyaman bagi kaum radikal dan ekstremis, semakin banyak orang yang terlibat setiap hari. Oleh karena itu Kominfo harus memiliki strategi komunikasi untuk mencegah penyebaran radikalisasi di media sosial di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan yang berfokus pada strategi komunikasi Komunikasi dan Informatika dalam mencegah ancaman radikalisasi melalui media sosial di Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa: strategi komunikasi yang digunakan Kominfo untuk mencegah radikalisasi di media sosial adalah dengan kontra narasi, pemblokiran, pemberian pesan dan konten informatif, persuasif dan edukatif untuk meningkatkan literasi masyarakat. Sehingga dapat disimpulkanbahwa untuk menghadapi masalah radikalisasi di media sosial selama pandemi Covid-19, strategi Kominfo untuk resistensi narasi, peningkatan literasi, dan pemblokiran untuk meminimalkan ancaman radikalisasi di media social. Namun strategi komunikasi ini hanya efektif  bagi mereka yang belum terpapar paham radikal secara kuat.
Collaborative Governance in the Effort to Prevent the Criminal Action of the Financing of Terrorism Through Freezing of Individual and Entity Assets Guntur Wijaya Kesuma; Surya Nita; Zora A. Sukabdi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 4 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i4.7302

Abstract

UN Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1373 (2001), call on all countries in the world to provide financial sanctions against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, including citizens of every country affiliated with and assisting Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. In 2012, the FATF once more classified Indonesia as a "Non-cooperative Countries and Territories (NCCTs)", this time in relation to the handling of criminal acts of terrorism financing, because it determined that Indonesia's regulations for handling terrorism financing did not meet the international standards outlined in the FATF's recommendations, thereby placing Indonesia at a high risk of financing terrorism, which has an effect on the Indonesian economy because all countries are at risk of financing terrorism. Based on the data obtained, this study intends to find the obstacles faced by the Indonesian government and provide input on how to build collaboration between the government and other elements in efforts to prevent criminal acts of terrorism financing through freezing the assets of individuals and entities listed on the List of Suspected Terrorists and Terrorist Organizations (DTTOT), as well as Indonesia's efforts to become a permanent member of the FATF in 2023, as per Recommendation 6 of the FATF.
KESENJANGAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI AKAR PROPAGANDA GERAKAN SEPARATIS-TERORISME DI PAPUA Ganda Halomoan Sitorus; Novi Pasaribu; Zora Sukabdi
Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara Vol 11, No 3 (2021): Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara
Publisher : Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (979.224 KB) | DOI: 10.33172/jpbh.v11i3.1442

Abstract

Abstrak – Tidak meratanya pembangunan membuat adanya kesenjangan dan alienasi terhadap masyarakat Papua yang bisa melahirkan konflik horizontal, salah satunya propaganda negatif. Konflik di Papua memang sudah lama terjadi karena adanya sejarah integrasi Papua ke wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), identitas politik, kekerasan dan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), pembangunan Papua, dan juga inkonsistensi pemerintah Indonesia, dan marjinalisasi masyarakat Papua. Konflik tersebut melahirkan penyelesaian represif dari pemerintah yang membuat stigma peminggiran terhadap masyarakat Papua. Hal tersebut menyulut para orang atau kelompok orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab membuat narasi dan propaganda negatif yang disebarkan melalui media sosial. Penyebaran narasi yang cepat ini menjadi keuntungan kelompok tertentu dalam penggiringan opini serta tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Adu domba masyarakat dan pemerintah juga menjadi polemik yang berbahaya dalam melahirkan sebuah gerakan separatisme berbentuk teror. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dalam paradigma fenemonologi, dengan pemantauan berbagai media sosial yang terkait, studi pustaka, serta laporan atensi pemerintah dalam melihat masalah Papua. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana kesenjangan sosial dan alienasi dijadikan propaganda oleh orang dan atau kelompok orang yang dapat menyulut serta menggiring opini publik bahwa pembebasan Papua dibenarkan dan penyulut gerakan separatis teroris di Papua.Kata Kunci: kesenjangan sosial, kekerasan, media, propaganda, separatis – terorisme
Pencegahan Residivisme Narapidana Teroris Di Indonesia Anwar Luqman Hakim; Zora A. Sukabdi
Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik Vol 11 No 5 (2022): Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gresik

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Abstract

Isu residivisme narapidana teroris kembali mengemuka ketika terdapat kasus yang melibatkan mantan narapidana teroris. Kejadian serupa menyebabkan program deradikalisasi Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) dipertanyakan keefektivitasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kritik terhadap program deradikalisasi dan memberikan usul perbaikan atasnya. Penelitian menggunakan studi literatur dengan memanfaatkan studi terdahulu dalam memahami fenomena yang ada. Diketahui terdapat kebutuhan untuk melakukan pengukuran obyektif keberhasilan program deradikalisasi. Untuk itu BNPT perlu menggunakan alat ukur yang sesuai dengan kaidah keilmuan dan dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Beberapa alat ukur telah dikembangkan dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh BNPT antara lain MIKRA (Motivasi-Ideologi-Kapabilitas Risk Assessment) yang menggunakan konsep Risk-Need-Responsivity dan Psychology of Criminal Conduct. BNPT perlu mendorong penggunaan dan pengembangan alat ukur serupa MIKRA untuk mencegah residivisme teroris. BNPT dapat menjalin kerja sama yang lebih erat dengan berbagai institusi seperti Kemendikbudristek, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, dan Universitas/Akademisi/Peneliti untuk menghasilkan alat ukur yang sesuai dengan keperluan Indonesia.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Climate Change Impacts and Terrorism in ASEAN (1990-2018) Anwar Luqman Hakim; Zora A. Sukabdi
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (736.956 KB) | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.357

Abstract

In August 1967, realizing that peace and stability is the catalyst to economic growth, 5 nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and The Philippines) formed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The group eventually evolved and adding more members resulting with a grouping of 10 states with the addition of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao’s PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. This paper intends to review the link between climate change and terrorism in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Association of Southeast Asian Nations/ASEAN). The datasets used to form the empirical model are the number of terrorist attacks from 1990-2018 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and Climate Change Indicators 1990-2018 recorded in The World Bank. Using multiple regression analysis, the study answered the research question as ‘An increase in access to electricity, rainfall, and farmland size has a statistical probability of increasing terrorism attacks in ASEAN, while an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, statistically has a probability of reducing terrorism attacks in ASEAN member states.
Religious ethnocentrism as a potential birth of lone-wolf terrorism in Indonesia Wahyu Agung Sukhamdani; Zora Arfina Sukabdi
Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik Vol 13, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/jiap.v13i1.52902

Abstract

acts of terrorism and radicalism that have taken place in Indonesia often lead fundamental questions about the Indonesian nation’s sense of nationalism. Moreover, the perpetrators of the action are Indonesian citizens, so it is interesting to study in more depth howithe Indonesianness of Indonesian citizens (WNI), so it is interesting to study more deeply how Indonesian citizens are when events occur that sahe Indonesia’s diversity. Indonesia, which is plural and multi-cultural, was shaken by incidents of radicalism and terrorism. This paper aims to provide an overview regarding the influence of religious ethnocentrism on the phenomenon of lone-wolf terrorism in Indonesia. This paper was prepared using a qualitative approach, namely a deks study or literature review. Some of the data used in qualitative research with the desk study model are literatur related to the research issues raised. Data sources can be in the form of research result, mass medianews, report and previous studies that have discussed the issues on cultural, Islamic and Indonesian discourses are used to reveal literature data related to the potential for terrorism. The result show that thae emergence of violence follows a predictable pattern, such as starting with hate speech directed at other groups and progessing to efforts to dehumanizw or promote the belief within their own group that other groups are”less humane”. At this time, views that look down on other groups become a wick that fuels agrressive behavior and leads to terrible deeds and situation. Seeing that one’s self is better than other parties also lead to give birth to act of terrorism that are carried out individually or known as lone wolves. The threat of terrorism with the lone wolf type has become a new trend in commiting acts of terror
DERADIKALISASI MANTAN NARAPIDANA TERORISME: STUDI KASUS MW ALIAS WG syahputra, edy; Sukabdi, Zora A
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A case study of deradicalization of MW aka WG is interesting to explore because of the participation and involvement of TNI personnel or Babinsa (Bintara Pembina Desa) in providing assistance and guidance to former terrorism convicts so that MW aka WG and its community can be disengaged from terrorist group and violent ideologies. UU no. 5 Tahun 2018 has regulated the involvement of the TNI in dealing with acts of terrorism, but so far the implementation rules through the Presidential Regulation have not been ratified so that the involvement of the TNI (Indonesian National Army) cannot be fully operationalized, TNI (Indonesian National Army) unit which has been deployed to the village level (Babinsa) is a huge potential to be used in monitoring and preventing the spread of radicalism and terrorism in the form of deradicalization activities so that former terrorists or ex-convicts do not rejoin terrorist group or spread radical ideas and terrorism for the recruitment of new members of terrorist groups.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ARMY RAIDER UNIT ORGANIZATION IN COUNTER-TERRORISM harto, Sugi; yadi, Mul; Arfina Sukabdi, Zora
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Terrorism in Indonesia is a threat to security and can threaten the existence of a country so that the involvement of the military is justified in handling it according to the mandate of the law. Currently, the role of handling terrorism by the military is carried out by a special unit, the army also has a Raider unit which was deployed in Kotama and is considered an organization that can tackle terrorism. The formation of the Raider Unit organization in countering terrorism, especially the action against terrorism is influenced by aspects of human resources, organizational structure, and working relations as well as organizational leadership. In the implementation of counter-terrorism, the Battalion Raider uses the capability of destruction raid and liberation raid in military operations other than war (OMSP) where its use will be held in the relationship of a team or task force that has been given special capabilities and skills to paralyze and dismantle terrorist networks. With the assignment of Battalion Raider for counter-terrorism, a strategy is required to ensure that the main task is completed optimally, including by optimizing existing human resources to complete the task.
Co-Authors Aji Sofanudin Anwar Luqman Hakim Anwar Luqman Hakim Anwar Luqman Hakim Budiyanto, Sigit Eko Setyo Utomo Ganda Halomoan Sitorus Guntur Wijaya Kesuma harto, Sugi Hidayat , Eri R. Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Kurniawati, Deni Lukuba Machibya Mul yadi Mulyana Mulyana Munajat Munajat, Munajat Nita, Surya Novi Pasaribu P., Gega Ryani Cahya Kurnia B. Priyanto, Sapto Purnama, Chandra Yudistira Ruliana, Winda Rum, Muhamad Sapto Priyanto Siagian, Oktovian Prawira Hidayat Subandi, Imam Surya Nita Syauqillah, Muhammad Umi Muzayanah Wahyu Agung Sukhamdani Wardhana, I Made Wisnu