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Broodiness Trait of Chicken Through Molecular Investigation Sartika, Tike
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Incubation behavior of Kampung chicken is associated with the cessation of egg laying, and intensity of broodiness trait depends on genetic and environmental factors such as breed, management system, type of cages and photo periodicity. In this review, broodiness trait was investigated through molecular analysis. The result of the study concluded that there are two hypothesis of genetic incubation behavior. Some authors agreed that the incubation behavior is controlled by a major gene sexlinked on the Z chromosome. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene is a candidate gene for broodiness trait on the Z chromosome. However, the expression of broodiness in White Leghorn and Bantam hens cannot be explained by differences in the amounts of PRLR mRNA in the transcription or gross structure of the PRLR gene. The other hypothesis concluded that the incubation behavior is controlled by a small number of dominant autosomal genes with no sex linkage. Prolactin promoter (PRLp) gene is the major gene autosomal as starting point to express prolactin gene on the 2 chromosome. Prolactin promoter gene could be represented by the broodiness bands. Genotype AA and AC is identified as the broody genotype and BB as the non broody genotype. Key words: Broodiness, prolactin receptor, prolactin promoter, Kampung chicken

Nunukan Chicken: Genetic Characteristics, Phenotype and Utilization Sartika, Tike; Sulandari, Sri; Zein, M S A; Paryanti, Sri
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Nunukan chicken is a local chicken from East Kalimantan which spreads out in Tarakan and Nunukan Islands . The chicken has a specific buff color and Columbian type feather and also has very late feathering (VLF) trait . The Nunukan cocks and hens have no wing and tail primary feather; the tail feathers are short and fragile . The VLF trait is known to have association with a K gene on the Z chromosome. The chicken is efficient in protein metabolism . Sulfur amino acids (cystine and methionine) that needed for feather growth, could be utilized for meat and egg production . The egg production of Nunukan chicken was better than the Kampung chicken . The average of hen day, hen house and peak production of Nunukan chicken was 45 . 39.1 and 62%, respectively, while the Kampung chicken was 35 .9, 30 .9 and 48%, respectively . Based on genetic analysis, the external genotype characteristic of the Nunukan chicken is ii ce ss Idld pp. It means that the phenotype appearance of the Nunukan chicken was columbian and gold feathering type, yellow and white shank color and single comb type. This phenotype is similar to Merawang Chicken . The genetic introgression of the Nunukan chicken is affected by the Rhode Island Red with the genetic introgression value of 0.964 . Key words: Nunukan chicken, character, genetic; phenotype characteristics, utilization

Crossbreeding between male pelung and female selected native chicken at second generation (G2) Gunawan, Benny; Sartika, Tike
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Â The experiment aimed to produce native chicken with faster growth rate that is to achieve body weight of more than 1 kg at 3 months of age. Three hundreds and thirty three crossbreeds (PK) day old chicken from the results of artificial insemination between male Pelung and second generation of selection of female native chicken, were used in this experiment. One hundred and eighty purebreds native chickens were also used as control population. They were put in grower cages with density of 10 birds per cage and each cage was treated as a single unit of replication. Feeds during experiment were given and divided into 3 phases that is Starter Feeds I (Protein 21% and Energy 3000 kcal/kg) for chicken between 0-21 days of age, Starter Feeds II (Protein 19% and Energy 2900 kcal/kg) for chicken between 22-42 days and Grower Feeds (Protein 17% and Energy 2900 kcal/kg) for chicken between 43-84 days. Variables which were recorded were weekly body weight until 12 weeks of age, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight and simple economic ratio (B/C ratio). The results of the experiment showed that body weight at 12 weeks of crossbred (PK) was significantly higher than the pure native chicken (1000 vs 923 g) (P<0.05). Feed consumption was not significantly different (3037 vs 3036 g/bird/12 weeks), but the feed conversion of the crossbred was significantly better than the purebred (3.09 vs 3.4) (P<0.05). Carcass weight and carcass components were not significantly different between the two breeds, but they were different between sexes (P<0.05). Simple economic calculation showed that crossbreeds produced higher profit than purebreds with the benefit cost ratio were 1.31 for crossbred (PK) and 1.2 for purebred native chicken. The mortality rate during the experiment was low, that is 5.5% for crossbred and 6.36% for purebred. Â Key words: Crossbreeding, male Pelung, female native chicken

Genetic relationships of Kampung, Pelung, Sentul and Black Kedu Chicken using Microsatellite DNA Markers: I. Lingkage group of macro chromosome Sartika, Tike; Iskandar, S; Prasetyo, L.H; Takahashi, H; Mitsuru, M
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Genetic relationships of Kampung, Pelung, Sentul and Black Kedu chickens were studied on the basis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. DNA samples were analyzed using nine microsatellite markers which chosen from linkage group of macrochromosome (chromosome 1-8) such as, locus ABR 258, ABR359, ABR 297, ABR 339, ABR 75, ABR 209, ABR 28, ABR 419 and ABR 604. Analyses of amplified DNA fragments were performed using Gene Mapper 2.0 software (PE, Applied Biosystems). The allele frequencies in each breed estimated by direct counting. Since all nine microsatellite markers were polymorphic, genetic distance between the breeds could be calculated based on the frequencies of alleles of the microsatellite. Genetic relationships between the breeds could be constructed. The results indicated that a total of 73 allele were detected while typing all the four breeds of local chicken and one breed of White Leghorn as outgroup breed acrossed nine loci. The number of alleles was observed in all of the breed ranged 3-17 alleles according to the microsatellite under scrutiny. Highest observed number of alleles was found in Kampung Chicken 60 alleles (82.2%). The UPGMA method for dendogram based on Nei genetic distances indicated that the local chickens have the same of ancestor, while Kampung and Sentul chicken have the same cluster followed by Black Kedu and Pelung Chicken. Â Key words: Local chicken, microsatellite, macrochromosome, genetic distance

Prolactin promoter gene as marker assisted selection (MAS) for the control of broodiness of Kampung chicken Sartika, Tike; Mansjoer, S.S; Saefuddin, A; Martojo, H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Preliminary research about MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) was conducted to detect broodiness trait of Kampung chicken. MAS currently is very important in situations, where the accuracy of selection is low, such as, traits with low heritability, e.g. broodiness trait and egg production. Prolactin promoter was selected as a marker gene for broodiness because it plays a critical part in the neuroendocrine cascade which is triggered at the onset of broodiness. DNA samples were collected from low and highbroodiness samples on basic population (G0) each 24 samples, and from selected population (G3) each 28 samples. As control population without broody behavior was used 16 samples White Leghorn (WL) chicken. Prolactin promoter gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR product was analyzed using electrophoresis agarose gel 2%. The results showed four types of bands represent in the Kampung chicken, three types called as wild type band and one type as the WL band. The chickens with low and high broodiness on G0 generation have 75 and 87.5% of wild type band while in the G3 generation was decreased to 25 and 75%. Conclusions of the research indicated that the selected breed of the Kampung chicken on G3 generation increased WL band like White Leghorn chicken as much as 31,25% from the G0 generation. Â Key words: Kampung chicken, prolactin promoter, MAS

Analysis of genetic relationship among Indonesian native chicken breeds based on 335 D-loop sequences Sulandari, Sri; Arifin Zein, M. Syamsul; Sartika, Tike
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop segment was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced for a total of 335 individuals from Indonesian native chicken. The individuals were drawn from sixteen populations of native chicken and three individuals of green jungle fowls (Gallus varius). Indonesian native chicken populations were: Pelung Sembawa, PL (n = 18), Pelung Cianjur, PLC (n = 29) and Arab Silver, ARS (n=30), Cemani, CM (n = 32), Gaok, GA (n = 7), Kedu Hitam, KDH (n = 11), Wareng, T & TW (n = 10), Cemani, CMP (n = 2), Kedu, KD (n=26), Kedu Putih, KDP (n = 15), Sentul Jatiwangi, STJ (n = 27), Ayam Kate, KT (n = 29), Ayam Sentul, STC (n = 15), Arab Golden, ARG (n = 26), Ayam Merawang, MR (n = 28), Kedu Putih Jatiwangi, KDPJ (n=6) and Kapas, KPS (n = 21). Green jungle fowls were: two individuals from Flores island (FL5 and FL57) and one individual (BD42) from Sumbawa island. The sequences of the first 530 nucleotides were used for analysis. Eighty two haplotypes were identified from 78 polymorphic sites for the 335 individuals. Seventy nine haplotypes were identified in native chicken from 57 polymorphic sites while three were of jungle fowls. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Indonesian native chicken can be grouped into five clades (Clade I, II, IIIc, IIId and IV) of the previously identified seven clades (Clade I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId and IV) in Asian domestic chicken. Haplotypes CM10 and CM32 fall to a different category while STC12 is also on its own. Interestingly STC12 clusters together with Gallus gallus gallus (GenBank accession No. SULANDARI et al. Analysis of genetic relationship among Indonesian native chicken breeds based on 335 D-loop sequences 296 AB007720). When CM10 (same as CM14), CM32 and STC12 were removed, 77 haplotypes of domestic chicken were identified from 53 polymorphic sites. All the green jungle fowls are clustered to one clade of their own. The clades of domestic chicken are: Clade I which has three haplotypes, Clade II has 52 haplotypes, Clade IIIc has one haplotype (represented by ARS30), Clade IIId has nine haplotypes while Clade IV has eleven haplotypes. The phylogenetic relationship between chicken populations has no link to the geographic locations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic variation within populations was 67.42% while 32.58% accounted for the genetic differentiation between populations. Key Words: Native Chiken, Green Jungle Fowls, D-Loop DNA Mitochondria, HV-1, Clade, Haplotype, Phylogenetic, Genetic Variation

Genetic diversity of native chicken based on analysis of D-Loop mtDNA marker Sartika, Tike; Duryadi, D; Mansjoer, S.S; Gunawan, B
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Production was carried out using control region/D-loop mtDNA marker. The base population of native chicken was selected from subpopulation at Cianjur, Jatiwangi, Depok, Bogor I, and Bogor 2. Samples from each population was 10 heads and 2 samples Green Jungle Fowl (Gallus various) from East Java as out Group samples. Two primers binding conserved tRNA Phenylalanine gene and tRNA Glutamine gene were DNA Heavy stranded HI255 (5-CATCTTGGCATCTTCAGTGCC-3) and DNA Light stranded Ll6750 (5-AGGACTACGGCTTGAAAAGC-3) was used to amplify D-Ioop mtDNA chicken. PCR-RFLP methods with 6 restriction enzymes 4 cutter such as, Alul (AGâCT), Hpall (CâCGG), Mbol (âGATC), Rsal (GTâAC), NlaIII (CATGâ) and HaeIII (GGâCC) were used to detect polymorphism within and between subpopulation. Result of experiment show that mtDNA which was amplified by PCR was 1320 bp, consist of 1227 bp control region/D-loop, 45 bp tRNA Glutamine gene and 48 bp tRNA Phenylalananine gene. PCR product which were digested from 6 endonucleases enzyme show that native chicken within and between population was monomorphic and if its compare with Green Jungle Fowl was polymorphic. Â Key words: Native chicken, genetic diversity, mtDNA

Molecular Characterization of Indonesian Indigenous Chickens based on Mitochondrial DNA Displacement (D)-loop Sequences SRI SULANDARI; MOCH SYAMSUL ARIFIN ZEIN; TIKE SARTIKA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 4 (2008): December 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationship of Indonesian indigenous chickens. A total of 483 individuals belonging to 15 population breeds and 43 individuals belonging to 6 populations of jungle fowl (2 populations of Gallus gallus and 4 populations of Gallus varius) were sampled. The hypervariable I (HVI) segment of the D-loop was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequences of the first 397 nucleotides were used for analysis. Sixty nine haplotypes were identified from 54 polymorphic sites with polymorphism between nucleotides 167 and 397 contributing to 94.5% of the sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Indonesian indigenous chickens can be grouped into five distinct clades (clade I, II, IIIc, IIId, and IV) of the previously identified seven clades (clade I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId, and IV) in Asian indigenous chickens. Fifty haplotypes belong to clade II, seven haplotypes are in clade IV, six are in clade IIId, three are in clade I and one haploype is in clade IIIc. There was no breed-specific clade. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) based on partial D-loop sequences of Indonesian chicken indicates that 67.85% of the total sequence variation between haplotypes was present within the population and 32.15% between populations. One of the haplotypes (represented by PLC4) was shared by all populations, suggesting that these populations may share the same maternal ancestor. These results show a high mitochondrial D-loop diversity and indicate multiple maternal origins for Indonesian indigenous chickens. Key words: Indonesian indigenous chicken, mitochondrial DNA, D-loop, haplotype, phylogenetic analysis and clade

MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG Saptana Saptana; Tike Sartika
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 11 No. 1 (2014): Vol. 11 No. 1, Maret 2014
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

ABSTRACTThe studied aimed to formulate an integrated policy of supply chain management development of native chicken eggs. In detail, the research objectives were: 1) to describe the actors of supply chain of native chicken eggs, 2) to analyze the Institutions of supply chain management of native chicken eggs, and 3) to analyze the value chain of native chicken eggs. The data were obtained from interviewed with breeder of native chicken and group discussion with actors of supply chain in the province of West Java, East Java and South Kalimantan. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of R/C ratio, marketing margin system and value chain analysis, while qualitative information with a descriptive analysis was focus on institutions of supply chain management. The results showed that: 1) The eight main actors in supply chain of native chicken eggs commodity were: government, breeding industry, breeders, farmers groups, associations of farmers groups, traders at the centers of production, traders at the centers of consumption, and industrial of cake/bread; 2) most strategic institutional in the whole of supply chain of native chicken eggs was the institutionalization of distribution and marketing, and 3) cake/ bread industrial received the largest of value-added per unit of output, while the large traders in the center of production and consumption received the greatest value in the aggregate. The overall study of policy recommendations of `the development of agribusiness of native chicken eggs was the integration of all factors connected in supply chain.Keywords: institutional , agribusiness, value chain, eggs, economic sociaty ABSTRAKSecara umum penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan kebijakan pengembangan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung secara terpadu. Secara rinci tujuan penelitian adalah 1) mendeskripsikan pelaku rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung; 2) menganalisis kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung; dan 3) menganalisis rantai nilai komoditas telur ayam kampung. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari hasil wawancara terstruktur dengan peternak ayam kampung petelur serta wawancara kelompok dengan para pelaku rantai pasok di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis R/C ratio, margin tata niaga dan analisis rantai nilai, sementara informasi kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dengan fokus pada kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat delapan pelaku utama rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung, yaitu pemerintah, industri perbibitan, peternak, kelompok peternak, asosiasi peternak, pedagang di sentra produksi, pedagang di sentra konsumsi, dan industri kue/roti; 2) kelembagaan yang paling strategis dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung adalah kelembagaan distribusi dan pemasaran; dan 3) industri kue/roti menerima nilai tambah terbesar per unit output, sedangkan pedagang besar di pusat produksi dan pedagang besar di pusat konsumsi menerima nilai terbesar secara agregat. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang dihasilkan adalah pengembangan agribisnis komoditas telur ayam kampung harus dilakukan secara terpadu dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok. Kata kunci: kelembagaan, tata niaga, rantai nilai, telur, ayam kampung

Genetic relationships of Kampung, Pelung, Sentul and Black Kedu Chicken using Microsatellite DNA Markers: I. Lingkage group of macro chromosome Tike Sartika; S Iskandar; L.H Prasetyo; H Takahashi; M Mitsuru
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 2 (2004): JUNE 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Genetic relationships of Kampung, Pelung, Sentul and Black Kedu chickens were studied on the basis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. DNA samples were analyzed using nine microsatellite markers which chosen from linkage group of macrochromosome (chromosome 1-8) such as, locus ABR 258, ABR359, ABR 297, ABR 339, ABR 75, ABR 209, ABR 28, ABR 419 and ABR 604. Analyses of amplified DNA fragments were performed using Gene Mapper 2.0 software (PE, Applied Biosystems). The allele frequencies in each breed estimated by direct counting. Since all nine microsatellite markers were polymorphic, genetic distance between the breeds could be calculated based on the frequencies of alleles of the microsatellite. Genetic relationships between the breeds could be constructed. The results indicated that a total of 73 allele were detected while typing all the four breeds of local chicken and one breed of White Leghorn as outgroup breed acrossed nine loci. The number of alleles was observed in all of the breed ranged 3-17 alleles according to the microsatellite under scrutiny. Highest observed number of alleles was found in Kampung Chicken 60 alleles (82.2%). The UPGMA method for dendogram based on Nei genetic distances indicated that the local chickens have the same of ancestor, while Kampung and Sentul chicken have the same cluster followed by Black Kedu and Pelung Chicken. Key words: Local chicken, microsatellite, macrochromosome, genetic distance

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