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Meningkatkan Daya Ikat Hukum Internasional: Kajian Filosofis -, Sasmini -; Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Rahayu, Sri Lestari; Latifah, Emmy -; Adiastuti, Anugrah
Simbur Cahaya Volume 29 Nomor 1, Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Daya ikat hukum internasional banyak mendapatkan tantangan dengan berbagai pelanggaran atas hukum internasional yang penyelesaiannya masih sarat dengan kepentingan politik negara. Tulisan ini mengkaji dua pertanyaan fundamental dalam hukum internasional, yaitu apa dasar atau landasan filosofis daya ikat Hukum Internasional bagi negara?; dan bagaimana negara-negara terikat dan patuh pada norma-norma Hukum Internasional dalam praktek masyarakat internasional kontemporer?. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa walaupun hukum internasional sebagai suatu sistem hukum diakui dan dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat internasional, namun demikian masih terdapat kelemahan utamanya dalam hal kekuatan mengikatnya. Realitanya, hukum internasional tetap ada dan semakin diperlukan untuk mengatur hubungan-hubungan internasional yang semakin kompleks dan itulah yang menjadi dasar mengikat HI bagi masyarakat internasional. Dalam rangka meningkatkan lagi legitimasi hukum internasional, maka sistem hukum internasional harus memberikan lebih banyak kesempatan kepada negara-negara berkembang dan NGO untuk mengekspresikan sudut pandang mereka dalam negosiasi di tingkat internasional serta prosedur pengambilan keputusan dari organisasi internasional.

DIGITAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION: LEGAL TRANSPLANTATION STRATEGIES TO REALIZE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA’S DIGITALIZATION ERA Khofidhotur Rovida; Sasmini Sasmini
Domus Legalis Cogitatio Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Domus Legalis Cogitatio Vol 1 No 2 October 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/dlc.v1i2.9926

The advancement of information and communication technology brings great benefits to society, such as ease of communication and access to public services. However, technology also threatens human rights, including privacy and freedom of expression. This study aims to analyze the legal strategies of other countries to protect digital human rights that can be applied in Indonesia, as well as formulate policies to improve this protection through legal transplantation and support sustainable development goals. The method is normative legal research, with data from related laws and policies. The results of this study indicate that the adoption of rules is a potential strategy to improve the security of digital human rights in Indonesia and provide greater control over the personal data of individuals. The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Indonesia is considered important to align personal data protection with international standards, improve the country's reputation, and facilitate international cooperation. With clear regulations, public trust in digital services will increase, because people feel safer and more protected from misuse of personal data. This stricter legal framework helps create a safer and more inclusive digital environment so that all levels of society can actively participate in the digital economy.

Comparative Analysis of Murabahah Financing Agreement with Musyarakah Mutanaqisah Financing Agreement in Indonesia's Sharia Banking System Maulan, Anas; Harahap, Burhanudin; Sasmini
International Journal of Law and Society Vol 2 No 1 (2023): International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)
Publisher : NAJAHA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59683/ijls.v2i1.31

Indonesia is one of the largest Islamic countries in the world. In 2021, Indonesia has officially formed Bank Syariah Indonesia combined with 3 private Islamic banks, namely Bank BRI Syariah, Bank Mandiri Syariah and BNI Syariah. The purpose of Bank Syariah Indonesia is to facilitate sharia-based services that avoid customers from transactions containing elements of usury, gharar, maisir, haram and Zalim which are commonly applied in conventional banking in general in the form of interest. Islamic banking in Indonesia takes advantage not from usury but from financing or buying and selling goods carried out by banks with customers according to customer wishes and needs. One of the financing that is usually in demand by customers is the murabahah financing contract and the musyarakah mutanaqisah financing contract. These two contracts are the same as taking advantage of buying and selling goods but murabahah is more dominant in financing without a down payment and goods that have been determined from the beginning of the contract while muyarakah mutanaqisah is more dominant in financing the needs desired by customers in the form of cash instead of goods.

PEMENUHAN HAK AKSES ATAS INFORMASI VAKSIN COVID-19 BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS Firdausy, Adriana Grahani; Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Sasmini, Sasmini
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 53, No 1 (2024): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.53.1.2024.12-22

Sampai pada tahun 2023, Jumlah penyandang disabilitas yang telah menerima vaksin Covid-19 masih dapat dikatakan rendah. Kurangnya akses terkait dengan informasi atas vaksin Covid 19 mungkin merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya jumlah vaksinasi terhadap kelompok ini. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi bagaimana pemerintah Indonesia menjamin dan memenuhi hak akses vaksin Covid-19 bagi penyandang disabilitas, dengan menganalisis penyelenggaraan program vaksinasi pada empat wilayah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosio-legal dengan pendekatan interdisipliner. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah telah menjamin hak akses atas informasi penyandang disabilitas melalui peraturan perundang-undangan baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah. Beberapa kendala yang ditemukan antara lain kepastian ketersediaan data penyandang disabilitas dan persebaran hoaks dalam komunitas penyandang disabilitas.

Achieving Fair and Equal Access to Vaccination for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia: A Lesson Learned from the Vaccination Programme in the COVID-19 Outbreak Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Sasmini, Sasmini; Firdausy, Adriana Grahani
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jseahr.v8i2.35534

The World Health Organisation has recommended that its member states conduct national vaccination programs based on fair and equal access principles. COVID-19 has had more severe impacts on persons with disabilities (PwDs). This article focuses on how the provisions of international human rights instruments obligate countries to provide vaccination for PwDs. Further, these provisions will be used to analyse the law and policy adopted by the Indonesian government related to the vaccination program designed for this group. This article used both normative/doctrinal and empirical legal research methods. Based on international human rights law, access to vaccines and medical technology are elements of the right to health under the AAAQ principles. Member states should consider groups’ vulnerabilities, risks, and needs when designing the vaccination program. Some groups risk experiencing a more significant burden from the pandemic due to underlying social, geographic, or biomedical factors. PwDs are people coming from diverse backgrounds. Thus, the challenges they face will vary according to age diversity, gender, types of disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and migration status. The results show that Indonesia, during the first vaccine rollout, did not explicitly mention disability as a priority. PwDs have experienced barriers in accessing vaccination due to a few persistent problems. In the future, national vaccination programs should include measures to overcome such barriers and ensure that PwDs have equal access to the vaccine and other healthcare services. Such access will enable the fulfilment of the right to health of the PwDs as guaranteed both under international human rights law and domestic law. In addition, future healthcare policy should put PwDs at the centre and address the unique needs and preferences of disabled people, including their cultural and language requirements. Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccine, Persons with Disability, Equal Access, Indonesia

Ekosida Sebagai Kejahatan Internasional Dibawah Yurisdiksi International Criminal Court: Dialektika Antara Ekosentrisme dan Antroposentrisme Sasmini, Sasmini; Novantia, Teresa Yokia
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 9, Nomor 1, Oktober 2024
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v9i1.138

ABSTRAKUsulan ekosida sebagai kejahatan kelima International Criminal Court (ICC) memunculkan banyak perdebatan, salah satunya berkaitan dengan sifat ekosentris dari ekosida dan antroposentris kejahatan internasional dalam yurisdiksi ICC. Artikel ini secara sistematis membahas dua masalah pokok, yaitu bagaimana pengaruh pandangan ekosentrisme dan antroposentrisme atas ekosida dalam hukum internasional dan khususnya ICC; dan apa yang menjadi tantangan dan peluang amandemen Statuta Roma atas kejahatan ekosida mempertimbangkan sistem dan praktek ICC cenderung bersifat antroposentris. Dalam rangka menjawab masalah tersebut, penulis menggunakan pendekatan pragma-dialectical dimana argumentasi hukum sebagai bagian dari diskusi yang kritis dari dua sudut pandang yang berbeda, dalam konteks ini adalah antroposentrisme dan ekosentrisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan antroposentris masih mendominasi dalam pembentukan norma hukum internasional, termasuk dalam sistem peradilan pidana internasional. Hal demikian bertolakbelakang dengan usulan kejahatan ekosida yang bersifat antroposentris dimana kerusakan lingkungan skala meluas, berjangka panjang dan serius menjadikannya kejahatan internasional, tanpa harus manusia harus menderita bahaya dulu akibat kerusakan lingkungan tersebut. Usulan perumusan ekosida sebagai kejahatan internasional dapat dilakukan dengan mengambil jalan tengah yaitu menyeimbangkan antara antroposentris dan ekosentris melalui pandangan polisentris. Namun demikian, terdapat tantangan amendemen Statuta Roma karena adanya perbedaan kepentingan dan pandangan politik masing-masing negara anggota. Namun demikian, meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat internasional atas lingkungan dan upaya tuntutan kasus-kasus lingkungan oleh NGO dan organisasi lingkungan di negara-negara serta diaturnya amandemen pada Pasal 121 Statuta Roma tetep menjadi peluang yang baik suatu saat ekosida dapat menjadi kejahatan internasional kelima di bawah yurisdiksi ICC.Kata kunci: ekosida; hukum pidana internasional; kejahatan internasional; statuta roma.ABSTRACTThe proposal of ecocide as the fifth crime under the jurisdiction of the ICC has sparked debate, particularly regarding the ecocentric nature of ecocide versus the anthropocentric focus of existing international crimes within the ICC. This article examines two key issues: how ecocentrism and anthropocentrism influence the international norms and practices of the ICC related to ecocide; and what challenges and opportunities are associated with amending the Rome Statute to include ecocide as an international crime, given the inherently anthropocentric tendencies of ICC systems. To address these questions, the author employs a pragmatic-dialectical approach, engaging in a critical discussion that juxtaposes the perspectives of anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. The findings of the study indicate that anthropocentric views continue to dominate the development of international legal norms, including those within the realm of the international criminal justice system. This stands in contrast to ecocide, which has an ecocentric view. The formulation of ecocide as an international crime could be achieved through a balanced approach that integrates both anthropocentric and ecocentric perspectives, adopting a polycentric view. However, the challenge of amending the Rome Statute lies in the diverse interests and political viewpoints of member states. The increasing global awareness of environmental issues, prosecution of ecocide at the national level, and the regulatory framework for amending Article 121 of the Rome Statute present a promising opportunity for ecocide to be recognized as the fifth international crime under the ICC's jurisdiction.Keywords: ecocide; international criminal law; international crime; rome statute.

YURISDIKSI INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) PADA KEKERASAN TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG, CHINA Naila, Anindita Radya; Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Sasmini, Sasmini
Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 9 (2024): Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora
Publisher : Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.572349/kultura.v2i9.2495

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan kejadian terhadap etnis Uighur di Xinjiang termasuk yurisdiki material International Criminal Court dan untuk menganalisis agar ICC dapat mengadili kekerasan yang dihadapi etnis Uighur di Xinjiang oleh Cina sebagai non-state parties ICC. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif atau doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis silogisme dengan metode deduktif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kejadian terjadap etnis Uighur di Xinjiang terbukti termasuk dalam yurisdiksi material ICC menurut analisis dengan menggunakan Statuta Roma 1998. Terdapat cara agar ICC dapat mengadili kekerasan dan pelanggaran berat HAM yang terjadi terhadap etnis Uighur di Xinjiang walaupun Pemerintah Cina tidak meratifikasi Statuta Roma 1998.

Imposition of Land and Building Acquisition Duty on Legally Certain Transaction Agreements: Study of the Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision Number 117/PUU-XXI/2023 Arofah, Nurwegia Rahmawati; Waluyo, Waluyo; Sasmini, Sasmini
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2493

The title of this research is the “Imposition of Land and Building Acquisition Duty on Legally Certain Transaction Agreements: Study of the Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision Number 117/PUU-XXI/2023”. The object of this research is the Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision Number 117/PUU-XXI/2023. The objective of this research is to discover whether or not the imposition of Land and Building Acquisition Fee on Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement in the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 117/PUU-XXI/2023 provide legal certainty for the community. The method of this research was the normative or doctrinal legal research which employed the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. This research employed primary and secondary legal materials. Results showed that Land and Building Acquisition Tax is a tax imposed on the acquisition of land and/or building rights. Market value reflects the amount of money the seller, as the owner of the land and building, should receive and the buyer, as the party receiving the rights to the land and building being traded. The results of this study are expected to provide information and solutions for parties who study the legal implications and legal certainty for the community regarding the imposition of Land and Building Acquisition Duty on Transaction Agreements in the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 117/PUU-XXI/2023.

DIGITAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION: LEGAL TRANSPLANTATION STRATEGIES TO REALIZE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA’S DIGITALIZATION ERA Rovida, Khofidhotur; Sasmini, Sasmini
Domus Legalis Cogitatio Vol 1 No 2 (2024): Domus Legalis Cogitatio Vol 1 No 2 October 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/dlc.v1i2.9926

The advancement of information and communication technology brings great benefits to society, such as ease of communication and access to public services. However, technology also threatens human rights, including privacy and freedom of expression. This study aims to analyze the legal strategies of other countries to protect digital human rights that can be applied in Indonesia, as well as formulate policies to improve this protection through legal transplantation and support sustainable development goals. The method is normative legal research, with data from related laws and policies. The results of this study indicate that the adoption of rules is a potential strategy to improve the security of digital human rights in Indonesia and provide greater control over the personal data of individuals. The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Indonesia is considered important to align personal data protection with international standards, improve the country's reputation, and facilitate international cooperation. With clear regulations, public trust in digital services will increase, because people feel safer and more protected from misuse of personal data. This stricter legal framework helps create a safer and more inclusive digital environment so that all levels of society can actively participate in the digital economy.

Konsep Pencegahan Cyberbullying Berbasis Techno Prevention Pada Era Society 5.0 di Indonesia Rovida, Khofidhotur; Sasmini
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 31 No. 2: MEI 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol31.iss2.art10

The rising number of cyberbullying occurrences in Indonesia is one of the subsequent results of the rapid development of technology, thus efforts are needed by the government in form of a policy, both repressive and preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to provide a concept of society prevention in regards to cyberbullying through the implementation of the ideal techno-prevention method in the Society 5.0 era. The is a normative research method carried out by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of criminal law alone is not effective in resolving cyberbullying crimes, due to the fact that criminal law is post factum. Therefore, an ideal concept of cyberbullying prevention is needed which can be achieved by utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is ideal in the Society 5.0 era through the development of Mathematical Computerization methods, such as the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (ANN) method. In addition, the application of techno-prevention to combat cyberbullying needs to be elaborated in the form of the ideal legal regulations, namely Presidential Regulations.Keywords: Cyberbullying, Techno Prevention, Society 5.0 Abstrak.Tingginya kasus cyberbullying di Indonesia merupakan akibat dari perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, sehingga perlu adanya upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam suatu kebijakan baik dalam bentuk represif maupun preventif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan konsep terhadap untuk mencegah masyarakat dari cyberbullying melalui penerapan techno prevention yang ideal di era Society 5.0. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penggunaan hukum pidana saja tidak efektif dalam menyelesaikan kejahatan cyberbullying, sebab hukum pidana yang bersifat post factum. Sehingga dibutuhkan konsep ideal pencegahan cyberbullying yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang ideal di era Society 5.0 melalui pengembangan metode Matematis Komputerasi, seperti metode Algoritma Nearest Neighbour (ANN). Selain itu, penerapan techno prevention untuk mencegah terjadi cyberbullying perlu dielaborasi dalam bentuk regulasi hukum yang ideal yakni Peraturan Presiden.Kata Kunci: Masyarakat 5.0, Perundungan Siber, Techno Prevention.

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