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All Journal Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Tri Baskoro T. Satoto
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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KOMPETENSI VEKTORIAL Anopheles maculatus, Theobald di KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULONPROGO Widyastuti, Umi; Boewono, Damar Tri; Widiarti, Widiarti; Supargiyono, Supargiyono; Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 23, No 2 Jun (2013)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

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Abstract

Abstrak Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Kulonprogo, khususnya di Kecamatan Kokap. Dalam dua tahun terakhir menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2009, 1 dari 5 desa di Kecamatan Kokap sebagai daerah malaria dengan statifikasi Insidensi Kasus Rendah (Low Case Incidence/LCI). Pada tahun 2010 meningkat menjadi 3 desa, peningkatan kasus malaria di Kecamatan Kokap berkaitan dengan keberadaan nyamuk Anopheles yang berpotensi sebagai vektor. Beberapa spesies seperti An. maculatus, An. aconitus, dan An. balabacensis diduga sebagai vektor malaria potensial di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi vektorial An. maculatus yang terdiri dari: kerentanan nyamuk An. maculatus terhadap Plasmodium, sifat antropofilik, angka paritas, dan kepadatan nyamuk. Kerentanan nyamuk terhadap Plasmodium diukur dengan deteksi antigen protein sporozoit (Circum Sporozoite Protein/CSP) dari P. falciparum atau P. vivax pada dada-kepala dari semua nyamuk parous. Karakteristik antropofilik diukur dengan mendeteksi darah manusia pada perut nyamuk dengan kondisi penuh darah dan setengah gravid. Kedua deteksi tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik ELISA. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2011 di dua desa yaitu: Tegiri dan Gunungrego, Kecamatan Kokap. Nyamuk ditangkap dengan menggunakan metode sesuai dengan pedoman WHO. Penangkapan dilakukan pada malam hari (18.00-06.00) terhadap nyamuk yang hinggap pada manusia di dalam rumah, di luar rumah, nyamuk yang istirahat baik di dalam rumah (dinding) maupun luar rumah (sekitar kandang ternak) dan penangkapan pada pagi hari (06.00-08.00). Kepadatan An. maculatus dihitung dan paritas nyamuk ditentukan dengan pembedahan ovarium secara mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa An. maculatus di Gunungrego rentan terhadap P. vivax dengan angka sporozoit 3,57%. Namun, CSP antigen P. vivax tidak terdeteksi pada dada-kepala nyamuk An. maculatus dari Tegiri. Antigen CSP P. falciparum negatif pada dada-kepala nyamuk An. maculatus dari Gunungrego dan Tegiri. Proporsi An. maculatus yang mengisap darah manusia (Human Blood Index / HBI) adalah 40,00% di Tegiri dan 33,33% di Gunungrego. Angka paritas dan kepadatan An. maculatus lebih tinggi ditemukan di Tegiri daripada di Gunungrego. Kata Kunci: malaria, ELISA sporozoit, analisis pakan darah. Abstract Malaria is still a health problem in Kulonprogo Regency, particularly in the Kokap Subdistrict. In the last two years indicate that in 2009, 1 out of 5 villages in Kokap Subdistrict were considered as malarious areas with Low Case Incidence (LCI). In the year of 2010, it increased to 3 villages. The increase of malaria cases in Kokap Subdistrict was related to the presence of  Anopheline mosquitoes which serve as potential vector. Several species such as Anopheles maculatus, An. aconitus, and An. balabacensis are suspected as potential malaria vectors in this area.  The objective of this study was to determine the vectorial competence of An. maculatus consisting of:  the An. maculatus mosquitoes susceptibility to Plasmodia,  its anthropophilic characteristics, the parity rate, and the mosquito density. The susceptibility of mosquito to Plasmodia was measured by detection of sporozoite protein antigen (Circum Sporozoite Protein/ CSP) of P. falciparum or P. vivax on the head-thorax of all parous mosquitoes. The anthropophilic characteristics were measured by detection of human blood on the abdomen of blood fed and half gravid mosquitoes. Both of these were done by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) technique. The study was conducted from  May until October 2011 in two villages i.e: Tegiri and Gunungrego, Kokap Subdistrict. The Anopheline mosquitoes were collected using the landing and resting mosquito collection technique both indoors and outdoors, at night (18.00-06.00) as well as in the morning (06.00-08.00) according to the WHO guideline. The density of An. maculatus was calculated and its parity was determined by microscopic ovary dissection. The result showed that An. maculatus in Gunungrego was susceptible to P. vivax with a sporozoite rate of 3.57 %. However, CSP antigen of P. vivax was not detected in the head-thorax of mosquitoes from Tegiri. CSP antigen of  P. falciparum was negative in the head-thorax  of mosquitoes both from Gunungrego and Tegiri villages. The proportion of An. maculatus fed on human (Human Blood Index / HBI) was 40,00 % in Tegiri and 33,33 % in Gunungrego. The parity rate of An. maculatus and its density was found higher in Tegiri than  in Gunungrego. Keywords: malaria, sporozoite ELISA, blood meal analysis.
Analisis Indikator Entomologi dan Sebaran Jentik Aedes aegypti pada Daerah Stratifikasi Endemisitas Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Jayapura: Analysis of Entomology Indicator and distribution of Aedes aegypti vector based on stratified Endemicity Areas of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Jayapura City Hartati, Risda; Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.; Murhandarwati, Elsa Herdiana; Widawati, Mutiara
Aspirator Vol 13 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Aspirator Volume 13 Nomor 2 2021
Publisher : Perkumpulan Entomologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/asp.v13i2.4441

Abstract

Abstract. The incidence rate (IR) of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Papua Province in 2017 was8.04 per 100,000 population, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.12%. In 2016, the Health Office ofJayapura City declared six urban villages as high endemic areas, four urban villages as high sporadicareas, and ten villages as DHF-free areas from a total of 39 urban villages in Jayapura. This studyaims to analyze larval by House index [HI], Container index [CI], Breateu index (BI), and Maya index[MI] as well as the distribution of vector Ae. aegypti in endemic, sporadic and DHF-free areas inJayapura City. The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. This research was conducted fromJanuary to March 2019. Subjects (375 houses) were surveyed according to WHO guidelines basedon its endemicity stratification. Observations of mosquitos’ larvae were done using visual and singlelarvae methods. The result of this research showed that endemic areas had their HI, CI and BI as muchas 43.3%, 16.5%, and 90.0%, respectively, with density figure is six. Sporadic areas had their HI,CI and BI as much as 35.4%, 10.9%, and 57.5%, respectively, with density figure is five. DHF-freeareas had their HI, CI, and BI as much as 14.8%, 5.7%, and 35.2%, respectively, with density figureis five. The Maya index for endemic and sporadic areas was categorized as moderate, while DHF-freeareas were low. Abstrak. Angka incidence rate (IR) Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Provinsi Papua tahun2017 adalah 8,04 per 100.000 penduduk, dengan case fatality rate (CFR) sebesar 1,12%.Pada tahun 2016 Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jayapura menetapkan 6 kelurahan sebagai daerahendemis tinggi, 4 kelurahan sebagai daerah sporadis tinggi dan 10 kampung sebagai daerahbebas DBD dari total 39 kelurahan yang ada di Kota Jayapura. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmenganalisis kepadatan jentik menggunakan House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), BreateuIndex (BI), dan Maya Index (MI) serta menganalisis sebaran jentik Ae.aegypti di daerahendemis, sporadis dan bebas DBD di Kota Jayapura. Penelitian dilakukan dari Januari-Maret2019 dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Subyek penelitian 375 rumah disurveimenurut pedoman WHO menurut stratifikasi endemisitasnya. Observasi jentik nyamukdengan metode visual dan single larvae. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeksentomologi daerah endemis dengan nilai HI 43,3%, CI 16,5%, BI 90,0% dengan Density Figure(DF) 6 (tinggi). Sporadis: HI 35,4%, CI 10,9%, BI 57,5%, dengan density figure 5. Bebas DBD HI14,8%, CI 5,7% dan BI 35,2% dengan DF 5 (sedang). Status MI kategori sedang pada daerahendemis dan sporadis dan MI rendah pada daerah bebas DBD.
Repellency Test of Wet Tissue Containing DEET (N,N-diethyl- 3-metatoluamide) and Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon citratus) Againts Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.; Mulyaningsih, Budi; Sintorini, M.M.; Sugiarto, A.F.; Kesuma, B. A
Kesmas Vol. 5, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Demam berdarah merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia. Karena penyakit ini disebarkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti, berbagai cara telah dilakukan untuk memutus rantai pejamu, agen, dan lingkungan, termasuk mencegah kontak manusia dengan vektor dengan menggunakan bermacam-macam pengusir serangga. Uji ini membandingkan waktu proteksi N,N-diethyl-3-metatoluamide (DEET) dengan waktu proteksi minyak sitronella yang terkandungkan dalam tisu basah terhadap Aedes aegypti. Untuk uji ini, dibuat larutan 12,5% DEET dalam etanol dan larutan 20% minyak sitronella. Sejumlah tisu kering dicelupkan ke dalam masing-masing larutan ini, ditiriskan dalam udara terbuka, kemudian dibungkus dengan lembaran aluminium dan disimpan selama satu hari dan satu minggu. Sementara itu, sejumlah nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina yang bebas penyakit ditempatkan dalam sangkar. Tisu basah yang telah disimpan selama satu hari dan satu minggu diusapkan pada bagian tangan (dari sikut sampai pergelangan tangan) relawan, kemudian tangan yang telah diusap itu dimasukkan ke dalam sangkar nyamuk dalam tiga replikasi uji (25 ekor nyamuk per sangkar). Waktu antara pemasukan tangan sampai dengan gigitan nyamuk pertama dinyatakan sebagai waktu usir tisu basah. Ditemukan bahwa waktu usir rata-rata tisu basah 12,5% DEET dan 20% minyak sitronella yang disimpan satu hari masing-masing 4 jam 26 menit dan 14,24 menit, sedangkan untuk tisu basah yang disimpan satu minggu masing-masing 4 jam 6 menit dan 12, 57 menit. Uji Post Hoc menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan tisu basah satu hari dan satu minggu tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p = 0,524 untuk DEET dan p = 0,681 untuk minyak sitronella). Dengue hemorrhagic fever has been one of the major health problems in Indonesia. As the disease spreads out by Aedes aegypti, a variety of ways has been conducted to disconnect host, agent, and the environment chain including prevention of human contact w ith the vector using by various repellents. The present test compared the complete protection time of N,N-diethyl- 3-metatoluamide (DEET) and citronella oil impregnated in wet tissue against Aedes aegypti. For this test, an ethanol-based 12.5% DEET and 20% citronella oil were prepared, into which dry tissue papers were immersed, drain in open air, and then stored in aluminum foil packs for one day and one week. Meanwhile, a number of disease-free adult female Aedes aegypti were placed in mosquito cages. The prepared one-day and oneweek stored wet tissues were used to swab volunteer adult human hands (from elbow to wrist) which were then inserted into the mosquito cage in three replicates (25 mosquitoes each cage). Elapsed time from first hand insertion to the first mosquito bite was calculated and expressed as repellency time of the impregnated repellent. It was found that the average repellency times of one-day stored 12.5% DEET and 20% citronella oil wet tissues were 4 hour 26 minutes and 14.24 minutes, respectively, while for oneweek stored were 4 hour 6 minutes and 12.57 minutes, respectively. Post Hoc test showed that the repellency time difference between one-day and one-week storage was not statistically significance (p = 0.524 for DEET and p = 0.681 for citronella oil).
Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and DEN-2 Virus Transovarial Infection on Viability of Aedes aegypti Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.; Umniyati, Sitti; Suardipa, Adi; Sintorini, Margareta
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Perubahan lingkungan memengaruhi hidup dan transmisi virus dengue dalam tubuh nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh suhu, kelembaban udara(RH), terhadap transmisi virus DEN-2 pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Studi eksperimental dengan desain pre dan post tes control group dilakukan di laboratorium pusat kedokteran tropis, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok Ae. aegypti betina umur 7 hari (F0). Virus DEN-2 diinfeksikan secara transovarial cara membran oral sampai generasi F2. Kelompok lain sebagai kontrol di inkubator temperatur dan suhu tertentu, waktu tertentu, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, yang menetas dan mengandung virus dicatat. Hasil penelitian menemukan indeks transmisi transovarial generasi F0 dan F1 selama 14 hari masainkubasi adalah 93,3% dan 82,2%, laju tetas telur dari nyamuk F0 yang terinfeksi dan tidak terinfeksi masing-masing 68% dan 85%, sedangkan laju tetas telur dari nyamuk F1 yang terinfeksi dan tidak terinfeksi masing-masing 72,6% dan 76%. Pada tiga kondisi ruang uji, nyamuk berumur 7 hari dalam ruang gelap dan lembab menghasilkan telur paling banyak dibandingkan pada kondisi normal dan pada inkubasi tanpa CO2. Nyamuk umur 14 hari menghasilkan telur tertinggi dalam ruang gelap dan lembab, dibandingkan pada kondisi ruang normal dan dalam inkubasi tanpa CO2. Virus DEN-2 dapat menginfeksi Ae.aegypti secara transovarial dengan laju infeksi lebih tinggi pada F0 daripada F1. Suhu dan kelembaban mempengaruhi kemampuan produksi telur Ae. aegypti untuk hidup dan tumbuh. Environmental changes influenced survival life and virus transmission of dengue virus (DEN) in a mosquito. The purpose of the present study was to define DEN-2 virus transmission dynamic and effect of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and DEN-2 virus infection on viability of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). This experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design was conducted at the Laboratory of Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta. Seventh daysold female Ae.aegypti (F0) were infected DEN-2 viaoral membrane and kept until F2 generation by transovarial transmission, number of eggs produced and hatched was recorded. After 14-day incubation was found that trans ovarial transmission rate of DEN-2 virus infection in F0 and F1 were 93.3% and 82.2%, respectivel y. Egg production, hatchingrates from infected and uninfected mosquitoes F0 were 68% and 85%; and F1 were 72.6% and 76%, respectivel y. At defined room condition tests, 7 day adult mosquitoes in dark and humid environment produced highest number of eggs, compared normal environment and in incubated without CO 2. In fourteenth day oldmosquitoesat dark and humid produced highest number of eggs, compare normal environment condition, and in incubated without CO2. DEN-2 virus was able to infect Ae.aegypti by transovarial transmission where the infection rate in F0 was higher than F1 generation. Temperature and humidity affected the abilityof Ae. aegypti eggs to live and grow to adulthood.
Co-Authors A.F. Sugiarto Adi Suardipa Budi Mulyaningsih Damar Tri Boewono E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati Hartati, Risda Kesuma, B. A M.M. Sintorini Mutiara Widawati Sitti Umniyati Supargiyono Supargiyono Umi Widyastuti Widiarti Widiarti