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All Journal International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika (Journal of Tropical Agroecotechnology) Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Agritrop : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (Journal of Agricultural Science) Abditani : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture Journal of Sustainable Development Science Nandur
GARGITA, I WAYAN DIKSA
PS Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI THE CAUSAL AGENT OF STRAWBERRY WILT DISEASE IN BALI Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya; I Wayan Diksa Gargita; I Putu Sudiarta
International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol 7 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Central Laboratory for Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in cooperation with Asia-Oceania Bioscience and Biotechnology Consortium (AOBBC)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (385.19 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/IJBB.2020.v07.i02.p02

Abstract

The development of strawberry farming in Bali experiencing some obstacles that cause a decline in production, such as wilting disease. The disease was reported caused by the fungi base on morphological recognition. There are two fungi were recognized caused the strawberry wilt disease in Bali, they are from genus Verticillium and Fusarium. More specific information about causal agent of wilt disease in strawberry especially in Bali is needed. The one accurate identification is done through the molecular approach by analyzing DNA that encode the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The 18S rDNA, including the internal areas of transcribed spacers (ITS), ITS1 and ITS4 have been widely used in phylogenetic studies. The amplification results of this area produce bands in different sizes that can be used to identify fungal species. Based on that the identification of strawberry wilt disease using molecular analysis was conducted. The 542 bp of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA was successfully amplified using PCR with pairing primers ITS 1 (5-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3’), and ITS 4 (5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3’). The sequences of three isolates were successfully obtained through sequencing. Homology levels were tested between sequences and showed that Candi Kuning sequence and Gobleg sequence had 95% similarity with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 13307 (U34571) from America. While Pancasari sequence have 94% similarity with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 13307 (U34571) from America. Candi Kuning, Gobleg, and Pancasari sequences had the same 86% with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum isolate C34-294 Brazil (KJ439088) and had 89% similarity with sequence Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. fragariae China (KT833080). Homology levels were tested between sequences and showed that Candi Kuning sequence and Gobleg sequence had 95% similarity with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 13307 (U34571) from America. While Pancasari sequence have 94% similarity with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 13307 (U34571) from America. Candi Kuning, Gobleg, and Pancasari sequences had the same 86% with sequence of Fusarium oxysporum isolate C34-294 Brazil (KJ439088) and had 89% similarity with sequence Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. fragariae China (KT833080). Based on phylogeny analysis of Pancasari, Gobleg and Candi Kuning isolates were obtained in one group with Fusarium oxysporum identified in America and Brazil, and also in one group with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae that identified in China.
Pemanfaatan Patogen Serangga (Beauveria bassiana Bals.) untuk Mengendalikan Hama Penghisap Buah Kakao (Helopeltis spp.) di Desa Gadungan, Kecamatan Selemadeg Timur, Kabupaten Tabanan I WAYAN DIKSA GARGITA; I PUTU SUDIARTA; GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika (Journal of Tropical Agroecotechnology) Vol.6, No.1, Januari 2017
Publisher : Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

Utilization of Insect Pathogen (Beauveria bassiana Bals.) to Control the Suction Pest of Cocoa (Helopeltis spp.) in Gadungan Village,The District of East Selemadeg, Tabanan RegencyCultivation of cocoa has the potential to improve the economy of farmers. However, cocoa production has decreased due to Helopeltis spp. The control of Helopeltis spp. still use synthetic chemical pesticides that are harmful to the health of farmers, consumers and environmental pollution. Therefore, it needs to be done by eco-friendly control using Beauveria bassiana which is reported to be able to control some insect pests such as Helopeltis spp. Utilization of B. bassiana is usually in the form of formulations. The research was conducted to determine the quality formulations and efficacy of B. bassiana against Helopeltis spp. obtained from Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Bali. The research method using randomized block design with 5 treatments, 5 replications and the treatment using concentration formulation 20 grams, 15 grams, 10 grams, 5 grams to dissolve in one liter of water and the control just using water. The observed variable is the number of former suction on fruit. The identification results showed the tested formulations made from active B. bassiana which is characterized by colonies are white, round-shape and the spore structure is like grapes with a good quality because it has spore density 1,06x107 spore/ ml. B. bassiana is quite effective to infect Helopeltis spp. because it just need 4 days to kill Helopeltis spp. The test results showed the concentration of 20 grams formulation is the best concentration with the fewest number of former suction on fruit.
Morphological Confirmation of the Fungi that Causes Strawberry Wilt Disease in Bali Indonesia I WAYAN DIKSA GARGITA; GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA; I PUTU SUDIARTA
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika (Journal of Tropical Agroecotechnology) Vol.9, No.2, April 2020
Publisher : Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

Konfirmasi secara Morfologi Jenis Jamur Penyebab Penyakit Layu Tanaman Stroberi di Bali Indonesia Stroberi adalah salah satu buah yang sangat digemari oleh konsumen karena mengandung banyak phytochemical yang merupakan senyawa fenolik yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Perkembangan stroberi di Bali mengalami beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi, salah satunya adalah penyakit layu. Namun, hingga saat ini belum banyak informasi spesifik tentang agen penyebab penyakit layu tersebut khususnya di Bali. Identifikasi penyebab penyakit layu tersebut sangat perlu diakukan, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis terhadap jamur penyebab penyakit tersebut. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas jamur yang diisolasi dari tanaman stroberi bergejala layu tersebut. Hasil uji patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa isolat jamur patogen tersebut memiliki daya patogenesitas terhadap tanaman setroberi yang diuji. Persentase indeks penyakit adalah 80% dari isolat Gobleg, 90% dari isolat Pancasari dan Candi Kuning dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis jamur penyebab layu pada tanaman stroberi adalah dari genus Fusarium.
Dominansi Serangan Kepik Coklat (Riptortus linearis F.) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) dan Kepik Hijau (Nezara viridula L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) pada Tanaman Kedelai di Kecamatan Payangan, Gianyar, Bali I Wayan Dirgayana; Dicky Marsadi; I Wayan Diksa Gargita
AGRITROP Vol 19, No 1 (2021): Agritrop: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32528/agritrop.v19i1.5071

Abstract

Kepik Coklat Riptortus linearis F. dan kepik hijau Nezara viridula L. merupakan hama tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dominansi serangan kepik coklat R. linearis dan kepik hijau N. viridula pada tanaman kedelai di kecamatan Payangan, Gianyar, Bali. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan petani di Desa Semaon, Kecamatan Payangan, Kab. Gianyar, Bali mulai bulan September sampai Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan pengambilan data populasi serta persentase serangan R. linearis dan N. viridula. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 6 sub plot (Demplot) pengamatan yang tesebar secara diagonal dan diambil sebanyak 10 tanaman sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama R. linearis muncul pertama kali pada umur 28 HST di demplot 1 rata-rata (0,1 ekor) sedangkan hama N. viridula pertama muncul pada umur 35 HST di demplot 4 (0,3 ekor). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase serangan R. linearis lebih tinggi (0,9%) dibandingkan dengan N. viridula (0,8%) di demplot 3 pada umur 70 HST. Hama R. linearis lebih dominan dari pada hama N. viridula di Payangan, Gianyar, terlihat dari umur 35 HST sampai umur 70 HST jumlah populasi R. linearis lebih tinggi dari pada N. viridula artinya bahwa hama yang mendominasi tanaman kedelai di Payangan, Gianyar adalah R. linearis.
Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Bacillus spp. Terhadap Colletrotrichum scovilei Penyebab Antraknosa Cabai Rawit I Wayan Diksa Gargita; Khamdan Khalimi
AGRICA Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Agriculture Faculty of Flores University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37478/agr.v16i1.2702

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum scovillei is main diseases of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) that affect on plant productivity. The control of plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi has been widely reported by utilizing of biological agents that applied in biofungicides. Bacillus spp. was reported to have antagonistic abilities against several pathogenic fungus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic ability of several Bacillus species against Colletotrichum scovillei. The begins was rejuvenatio of the C. scovillei and B. subtillis, B. cereus, B. coagulans, B. thuringiensis that have been identified. The inhibition of Bacillus spp. on the growth and biomass of C. scovillei was tested in vitro, as well as testing the inhibition of Bacillus spp. filtrates on C. scovillei colonies. The inhibitions of Bacillus spp. against the growth of C. Scovillei were ranged from 91.36% to 96.46% and a percentage inhibition on biomass of C. scovillei were ranged from 85.35% to 88.53% compared to the control. Bacillus spp. filtrates was tested at concentrations of 20%-90% were able to inhibit the growth of C. scovillei colonies with a percentage inhibition up to 99.84%. The good quality standard of biological agent must have >70% of inhibition in vitro. The inhibition that occurs by Bacillus spp. on the growth of C. scovillei is likely due to competition for nutrient and space. And other, the possibility of an antagonistic mechanism in the form of the presence of chitinase, which is one of the antifungal metabolite compounds.
Exploration of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) in Kedisan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency I Wayan Diksa Gargita; Isto Umbi Maramba Jua; I Wayan Dirgayana
Journal of Sustainable Development Science Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Dwijendra Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46650/jsds.5.1.1436.33-38

Abstract

The main pest of tomato plants is the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). This study aims to determine the symptoms of attack, population size and percentage of attack by B. tabaci on tomato plants in Kedisan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, Bali. The research was conducted from January to March 2023 in Kedisan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. This research was carried out using a direct survey method with direct observation in the field. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling using the diagonal sampling method with 10 sample points and 3 plant clusters were taken at each sampling point so that a total of 30 plant families were observed. The variables observed were attack symptoms, population size and percentage of B. tabaci attack on tomato plants. The data obtained were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that B. tabaci was found on tomato plants in the farmers fields in Kedisan village. Symptoms of B. tabaci attack on tomato plants are necrotic spots and chlorosis on leaves, which are caused by damage to leaf cells and tissues due to attack by nymphs and adult insects. Pests began to be found at 14 DAP (Day after Planting) with an average of 0.37 individuals/plant and the highest population was found at 63 DAP with an average of 1.63 individuals/plant on tomato plants. The results of the analysis show that the high percentage of attacks occurred at 63 DAP of 93.33%. In general, the high number of pest populations affects the high pest attacks as evidenced by the high percentage of B. tabaci attacks.
Pengaruh Fungisida terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Secara in vitro I Wayan Diksa Gargita
Nandur Vol 4 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

Anthracnose is an important disease of garlic (Allium ascalonicum) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This study aims to test the inhibition of fungicides made from mancozeb, carbendazim, and tebuconazole. This test used 70% mancozeb, 10% carbendazim, and 50% tebuconazole which was conducted using the Poisoned Food Technique method. Testing the inhibition of each fungicide against the growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioides was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with concentrations, namely: 0.000 ml/l (F0), 0.094 ml/l (F1), 0.188 ml/l (F2), 0.375 ml/l (F3), 0.75 ml/l (F4), and 1.5 ml/l (F5). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 28.0 with the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method. Followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test at 5% level if there is a significant difference. The results showed that all active ingredients of fungicides were able to suppress fungal growth seen from the colony area and growth rate of fungal colonies. Fungicides made from mancozeb 70% can inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides fungi in vitro at concentration levels of 0.094 ml/l to 1.5 ml/l, made from carbendazim 10% can inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides fungi in vitro at concentration levels of 0.094 ml/l to 1.5 ml/l, and made from tebuconazole 50% can inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides fungi in vitro at concentration levels of 0.094 ml/l to 1.5 ml/l.
First Report of Cladosporium dominicanum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim. Infecting Whitefly on Ornamental Plants in Bali, Indonesia Sudiarta, I Putu; Sugiarta, Dwi; Selangga, Dewa Gede Wiryangga; Wirya, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta; Gargita, I Wayan Diksa; Yuliadhi, Ketut Ayu; Klett, Katrina
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.86865

Abstract

As natural enemies, entomopathogenic fungi are essential for controlling certain plant pests, such as whitefly. Many types of entomopathogenic fungi can infect whiteflies, including those from the genera Aschersonia, Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Cladosporium. Currently, there is great interest in using entomopathogenic fungi as an environmentally friendly pest control in organic and sustainable agricultural systems. This study aimed to identify entomopathogenic fungus associated with whiteflies. Identification of entomopathogenic fungus was performed morphologically and molecularly using DNA barcoding with ITS-1 and ITS-4 as primers, in addition to sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. Whiteflies infected with entomopathogenic fungus were discovered on ornamental plants (Premna serratifolia, Ficus religiosa, and Ficus rumphii) in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia from January to March 2023. We found that samples from the field had mycelium that was unbranched or sparingly branched with solitary conidiophores arising terminally from ascending hyphae or laterally from plagiotropous hyphae. Samples from PDA media had ramoconidia with darkened septa, straight and conidia in long branched chains, branching in all directions, conidia were obovoid, ovoid to limoniform. The fungal colonies had the characteristics of being grey-olivaceous, olivaceous-black, and the margins were grey-livaceous to white, gray olivaceous in colony center due to abundant sporulation. In addition, based on the BLAST nucleotide sequence from NCBI GenBank, the insect pathogen phylogenetic tree found in Denpasar, Bali, is in the same clade as Cladosporium dominicanum strain SCAU014, accession number KY827344.1. Based on morphological and molecular analysis the fungus that infects whiteflies on ornamental plants is C. dominicanum.
Occurrence of Cassava Lace Bug Vatiga illudens (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Bali, Indonesia Sudiarta, I Putu; Dinarkaya, Shah Mahapati; Devi, Komang Saraswati; Ariyanta, I Putu Bawa; Wirya, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta; Sugiarta, Dwi; Selangga, Dewa Gede Wiryangga; Gargita, I Wayan Diksa; Wiguna, Putu Perdana Kusuma; Yuliadhi, Ketut Ayu; Devi, Putu Shinta
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87438

Abstract

Cassava Lace Bugs (CLB) are native pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) to the Neotropical Region, mainly in Brazil. On the other hand, East Java was the first region in Indonesia to record the presence of CLB in 2021, however, it has not been reported in other regions in Indonesia. Therefore, the very importance to recognise the occurrence of CLB in other regions in Indonesia. Based on this, the research has been carried out starting with a field survey, observing behaviour of insect in the field and identify morphologically in the laboratory. The survey results show that the infestation of CLB has been found in lowland, medium, and highland areas in Bali. Symptoms of infestation on the upper leaf surface are small yellow spots with brownish variations. Based on the identification key, CLB from Bali Indonesia, shows a characteristic of a head with a pair of frontal spines. Based on this evidence, the CLB insect can be identified as Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae). It is the first report of novel distribution areas for V. illudens in Bali, Indonesia. The results of this research are important because V. illudens is one of the main pests of cassava. 
Inventory of pests attacking Adenium spp. in Denpasar city Gargita, I Wayan Diksa; Sudiarta, I Putu; Yuliadhi, Ketut Ayu; Sumartayasa, I Wayan Andi
Agrovigor Vol 17, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v17i2.24176

Abstract

The cultivation of Adenium spp. encountered several challenges involving physical, environmental, and plant pest interference factors. Inventory of pests aimed to find out the kind of pests, the symptoms of the attacks, and the percentage of the pests that attack Adenium spp. Samples were taken using a purposive method by taking pictures and observing plants attacked by pests in 4 sub-districts in Denpasar, namely West Denpasar, East Denpasar, South Denpasar, and North Denpasar. The research results show that several pests attack Adenium spp. in Denpasar City, including mealybugs, spider mite, red cotton bug, and aphids. The study's findings indicate that Adenium spp. in Denpasar City are susceptible to several pests, such as mealybugs, spider mite, red cotton bug, and aphids. These organisms induce the dehydration, withering, and stunted growth of plants due to fluid loss. Mealybugs exhibit the highest incidence of infestation, with a prevalence rate of 85%. Spider mites follow with an infestation rate of 50%, while red cotton bug and aphids display infestation rates below 50%. The presence of several pest insects in Adenium spp. is indicative, with certain pests posing a significant threat to the plants, perhaps resulting in severe damage or even plant mortality. This research can provide additional information of pests that attack ornamental plants so that the strategy of pest control on ornamental plants, especially Adenium, can be developed.
Co-Authors ARIYANTA, I PUTU BAWA Devi, Komang Saraswati Devi, Putu Shinta Dicky Marsadi Dinarkaya, Shah Mahapati Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya I Putu Sudiarta I Wayan Dirgayana IDA BAGUS GDE PRANATAYANA Ida Bagus Gde, pranatayana Isto Umbi Maramba Jua KETUT AYU YULIADHI Khalimi , Khamdan Khamdan Khalimi Klett, Katrina NI LUH MADE INDAH MURDYANI DEWI Putu Perdana Kusuma Wiguna Selangga, Dewa Gede Wiryangga SUGIARTA, DWI Sumartayasa, I Wayan Andi SUPUTRA, I PUTU WIRYA Syahbana , Raditya Darmawan