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Limbah Molas : Pemanfaatan sebagai Sumber Karbohidrat untuk Perkembangbiakan Mikroorganisme Endah Wulandari; Tami Idiyanti; Ernawati Sinaga
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Valensi Volume 2, No.5, November 2012
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v2i5.299

Limbah molas merupakan hasil samping dari pabrik gula yang tidak dapat dikristalkan kembali. Salah satu kandungan limbah molas yaitu kaya akan karbohidrat. Salah satu upaya untuk memanfaatkan limbah molas yaitu dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap nutrisi yang masih terkandung dalam molas masih dapat dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan mikroorganisme dalam memanfaatkan karbohidrat (glukosa) yang terdapat dalam limbah molas untuk perkembangbiakan. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan adalah jenis ragi yaitu Candida utilis, Endomycopsis fibuligera dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Waktu pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 jam dengan suhu inkubasi 37oC. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi : pengukuran berat biomassa dengan cara menimbang berat kering mikroorganisme, pengukuran konsentrasi glukosa limbah molas yang dimanfaatkan mikroorganisme dengan cara Somogyi-Nelson dan perhitungan tingkat efektifitas penggunaan molas terhadap pertkembangbiakan mikroorganisme. Hasil: Berat biomassa tertinggi dicapai oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dengan biomassa tertinggi 156,33 mg dalam waktu 18 jam. Konsentrasi glukosa yang dimanfaatkan oleh Endomycopsis fibuligera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mikroorganisme yang lain, yaitu dalam waktu 30 jam mencapai 3,13 mg/mL dan kemungkinan dengan bertambahnya waktu inkubasi masih mampu memanfaatkan glukosa lebih banyak. Mikroorganisme yang memiliki tingkat efektifitas dalam memnfaatkan limbah molas sebagai sumber glukosa adalah Saccharomyces cerevisiae dengan tingkat efektifitas 126,4 mL/mg berat biomassa dalam waktu 12 jam. Kesimpulan :Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang terbaik dalam pemanfaatan glukosa dari limbah molas untuk pertumbuhan biomassa.

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Of Temu Tis (Curcuma purpurascens) Rhizome in White Rat(Rattus norvegicus) Suprihatin Suprihatin; Carles Tambunan; Ernawati Sinaga
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity Vol 1 No 1 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Nasional Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (399.258 KB)

Temu tis (Curcuma purpurascens BI) is a species of Curcuma that has not been widely studied. Although it is not very well known, temu tis is also used as a traditional medicine to treat coughs, stomach aches, and skin infections. The results of several studies proved that temu tis rhizome extract has bioactivity as an antioxidant and anti-cancer. Temu tis is also proven to contain flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and essential oils. Because it contains bioactive substances, it is estimated that temu tis rhizome extract has the potential to be used as a medicine, therefore its safety needs to be tested. In this study, an acute and subchronic toxicity test was conducted for the ethanol extract of temu tis rhizome which was given orally to white mouse (Rattus norvegicus) using various increased doses to see the toxic effects, both qualitative and quantitative, and subchronic effects in an increase of serum level measurements for both serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). From the results, there was no visible toxic effect and mortality of mouse in the doses tested, namely between 1250-5000 mg/Kg body weight with the administration for 14 days. From the calculation results, the LD50 value of temu tis rhizome extract is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight, so it is classified into category 5 or non-toxic according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification (GHS). Subchronic toxicity test results also showed that the administration of temu tis extract for 28 days in a dose range of 1,250-5,000 mg /Kg body weight did not significantly affect the activity of the SGOT and SGPT enzymes in the experimental mouse.

Antibacterial Bioactivity from Extract of Reundeu Caret (Staurogyne longata) and Honje (Etlingera hemisphaerica) Noverita Noverita; Ernawati Sinaga
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity Vol 2 No 1 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Nasional Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.352 KB)

Reundeu caret (Staurogyne longata) and Honje (Etlingera hemisphaerica) are two examples of plants commonly used by rural tribal communities as medicinal ingredients, one of which is by the Baduy tribal community. These two plans are usually used by local people to treat infectious diseases (wounds) and stomach aches. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the medical potential of these plants. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the antibacterial potential of the extracts of the Reundeu caret (Staurogyne longata) and Honje (Etlingera hemisphaerica) plant extracts against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The method used in this study is the Disc Diffusion method. The results showed that Reundeu caret and Honje plant extracts were only able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts of Rendeu Caret and Honje was moderate to strong. This study concluded that Honje and Reundeu caret plant extracts were more potential to be used to treat infectious diseases (wounds).

Analysis of Total Phenols, Total Flavonoids and Anthocyanin Levels in Blue Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea L) Fira Kuswandari; Ernawati Sinaga; Nurbaiti Nurbaiti; Ali Husni
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity Vol 2 No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Universitas Nasional Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (309.714 KB)

This study aims to determine the content of total phenol, total flavonoid, and anthocyanin levels in flower telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L). Observations were made using different methods and solvents. Telang flower (Clitoria teratea L) extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent and dry extraction using water solvent freezedry method showed different content of total phenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin content. The extract obtained was analyzed for its content using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average total phenolic content of flower telang flower was 2459.94 mgGAE/100g, total flavonoids 1171.10 mg/100g and anthocyanin content 122.79mg/100g. Meanwhile, the freeze-dry extract of the flower of telang flower showed an average total phenol content of 1924.96 mgGAE/100g, a total flavonoid content of 763.88 mg/100g and anthocyanin content of 890.49 mg/100g. The content of total phenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin from ethanol extract was higher than that from water solvent. The ethanol extract and the water extract of the flower of telang flower have antioxidant potential in terms of the parameters of the total phenol content

MODULASI JUNCTION ANTAR SEL MENGGUNAKAN PEPTIDA KADHERIN UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGHANTARAN OBAT Sinaga, Ernawati; Jois, Seetharama Seetharama; Avery, Mike; Makagiansar, Irwan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Modulation of Intercellular Junction by Utilization of Cadherin Peptides as an Effort to Improve Drug Delivery. Rapid advances in combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology has influenced the discovery of many proteins, peptides and peptidomimetics as potential therapeutic agents. Unfortunately, the practical application of these potential drugs is often restricted by the difficulties of delivering them to target site(s) due to the presence of biological barriers. Recently, a new method to improve the drug delivery, that is by modulating the intercellular junction, has been evaluated. Modulation of intercellular junction could be achieved by modulating the proteins which play important role in establishing the intercellular junction, one of which is cadherin. In the present work we have demonstrated the ability of several cadherin peptides, i.e. Ac-LFSHAVSSNG-NH2 (HAV-10), Ac-SHAVSS-NH2 (HAV-6), Ac-QGADTPPVGV-NH2 (ADT-10), and Ac-ADTPPV-NH2 (ADT-6) to modulate the intercellular junction of MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cells, this finding is a contribution to the establishment of a new method to improve the drug delivery by utilization of cadherin peptides by modulating the intercellular junction.

PENGARUH MINAT BELAJAR DAN KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU DIKELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 HUTABAYURAJA TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023 Sinaga, Ernawati; Sihombing, Sotarduga; Simatupang, Leo Fernando
Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia : Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi Vol 3, No 3 (2023): Jurnal pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi
Publisher : Penerbit Widina, Widina Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59818/jpi.v3i3.378

This study aims to explain the extent of the influence of interest in learning and parental involvement on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects in class VIII junior high school for the 2021/2022 school year.This research is quantitative, the population in this study is all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 8 Pematang Siantar. The study used 59 students to be sampled. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 59 class VIII students. The instrument test in this study is a validity test and a reability test. The data analysis techniques used are normality tests with chi squared tests, double regression tests and T tests, f tests, and determination tests. The results of this study can be concluded as follows: The results of the t test influence of learning interest on the learning outcomes of class VIII students learning social studies with the results of ???? ????????????????????? (2,860) ? ???? ???????????????????? (2,039). At the rate of 0.05 . Thus stating that the influence of interest in learning can affect the learning outcomes of students VIII learning social studies, the results of the test t parental involvement on the learning outcomes of class VIII learning social studies with ???? ????????????????????? (3,545) ? ???? ???????????????????? (2,039). Thus stating that parental involvement can affect the learning outcomes of students VIII learning social studies, F test results with calculated F results (10.89) ? F_( table)(4,16) so that the influence of learning interest and parental involvement can affect the learning outcomes of VIII students learning social studies, normality test results, multiple regression tests, t tests, f tests and determination tests with the results of regression values between learning interests and parental involvement in student learning outcomes of 0.821 and with the value of the coefficient of determination ( R^2) of 0.674.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejauh mana pengaruh minat belajar dan keterlibatan orang tua terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ips terpadu dikelas VIII SMP tahun ajaran 2021/2022.Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII di SMP negeri 8 Pematang Siantar. penelitian ini menggunakan 59 siswa untuk diambil menjadi sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara membagikan kuesioner kepada 59 siswa kelas VIII. Uji instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas dan uji reabilitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas dengan uji chi kuadrat, uji regresi ganda dan uji T, uji f,dan uji determinasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Hasil uji t pengaruh minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII belajar IPS dengan hasil ???? ????????????????????? (2,860) ? ???? ???????????????????? (2,039). Pada taraf 0,05 . Sehingga menyatakan bahwa pengaruh minat belajar dapat mempenagaruhi hasil belajar siswa VIII belajar IPS, Hasil uji t keterlibatan orang tua terhadap terhadap hasil belajar kelas VIII belajar IPS denagan ???? ????????????????????? (3,545) ? ???? ???????????????????? (2,039). Sehingga menyatakan bahwa keterlibatan orang tua dapat mempenagaruhi hasil belajar siswa VIII belajar IPS, Hasil uji F dengan hasil F hitung (10,89) ? ????????????????????????(4,16) sehingga pengaruh minat belajar dan ketrlibatan orang tua dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa VIII belajar IPS, Hasil uji normalitas,uji regresi berganda,uji t,uji f dan uji determinasi dengan hasil nilai regresi antara minat belajar dan keterlibatan orang tua terhadap hasil belajar siswa sebesar 0,821 dan dengan nilai Nilai koefisien determinasi ( ????2) sebesar 0,674.

Nephrotoxicity and Kidney Fibrosis Due to Gentamicin in Wistar Rats Lusiana, Evi; Saleh, Irsan; Sinaga, Ernawati; Hafy, Zen
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v10i2.909

Background : Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside used as a treatment for various infections. One of the side effects reported on the use of gentamicin is nephrotoxic. However, there are still many uses of gentamicin that have not been precisely indicated. Objective : To analyze the nephrotoxic effects leading to renal fibrosis due to gentamicin induction in Wistar rats. Methods : This research is an in vivo experimental study, pre- and post-test control group design, conducted in September and October 2022 at the Animal House Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, and the Palembang Health Laboratory Center. There were 4 treatment groups: Group I, placebo; Group II, gentamicin-induced (GIG I) at 80 mg/kgBW; Group III, gentamicin-induced (GIG II) at 120 mg/kgBW; and Group IV, gentamicin-induced (GIG III) at 240 mg/kgBW. Gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days, to 8 Wistar rats per group. Blood was taken from all Wistar rats in each group on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. The results of the study were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity with the Levene's test. The ANOVA test and the Post-Hoc test were used to conduct the analysis. Results : Induction of gentamicin in the GIG I and GIG II groups was significant in increasing the mean creatinine and urea levels on day 0 and day 14 of treatment (p<0.05). In the GIG III group there was a 50% mortality in experimental animals showing a Lethal dose of 50 (LD50) at that dose. Conclusion : GIG I and GIG II have significant nephrotoxic effects in increasing creatinine and urea levels which lead to renal fibrosi.

Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content of Pemphis acidula Leaves Extract, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity, and Characterization of The Extract Towards Standardized Antidiabetic Herbal Medicine Mardianawati, Nurlita; Sulastri, Lilik; sinaga, ernawati
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i1.1852

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that still remains a threat to public health all over the world. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Plants contain many antioxidant compounds that can provide protection against free radical-related diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves as antidiabetic agent by measuring its total phenolics and flavonoids content, and its antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitor activity as well. The total phenols content was determined using Follin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoids content was determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, while in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. Results of the study showed that ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves contains total phenolics and total flavonoids equivalent to 5390mg GAE/100 grams of extract and 581.66mg QE/100 grams of extract respectively, and it had also been proven that the extract has strong antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitor activity with IC50 of 57.71 ppm and IC50 of 70.05 ppm respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves has the potential as an anti-diabetic agent.

Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content of Pemphis acidula Leaves Extract, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity, and Characterization of The Extract Towards Standardized Antidiabetic Herbal Medicine Mardianawati, Nurlita; Sulastri, Lilik; sinaga, ernawati
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i1.1852

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that still remains a threat to public health all over the world. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Plants contain many antioxidant compounds that can provide protection against free radical-related diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves as antidiabetic agent by measuring its total phenolics and flavonoids content, and its antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitor activity as well. The total phenols content was determined using Follin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoids content was determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, while in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. Results of the study showed that ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves contains total phenolics and total flavonoids equivalent to 5390mg GAE/100 grams of extract and 581.66mg QE/100 grams of extract respectively, and it had also been proven that the extract has strong antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitor activity with IC50 of 57.71 ppm and IC50 of 70.05 ppm respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Pemphis acidula leaves has the potential as an anti-diabetic agent.

Potential of Flavonoid Compounds from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as Anticholesterol: An In Silico Study Lumbantoruan, Lamtiur; Sinaga, Ernawati; Simanjuntak, Kristina; Nurbaya, Siti; Prasasty, Vivitri Dewi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity Vol 4 No 3 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59689/bio.v4i3.232

Indonesia's biodiversity ranks second largest in the world. This vast potential, if managed well, can be utilized as raw materials for medicines. Currently, 96% of drug raw materials in Indonesia are still imported, making medicines expensive. Therefore, efforts are needed to achieve self-sufficiency in drug raw materials, including researching Indonesian plants with potential as hypercholesterolemia drugs to be used as native raw materials. This study aims to determine the potential of flavonoid compounds in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit as an alternative hypercholesterolemia drug. Six flavonoids were identified: myricetin, quercetin, quercetin 7,4'-diglucoside, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, and vitexin in R. tomentosa (Karamunting) fruit. The method used was an in silico study. In silico studies are used to screen compounds based on their mechanism of action against target proteins. In this study, myricetin, quercetin, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, quercetin 7,4'-diglucoside, and vitexin were subjected to molecular docking using Autodock Vina software to determine the affinity and interaction of these six compounds with the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which acts as an intermediary in the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol metabolism. Simvastatin, a drug used for hypercholesterolemia treatment, was used as a comparison. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy values for myricetin, quercetin, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, quercetin 7,4'-diglucoside, and vitexin were -10.0, -9.4, -9.6, -9.2, -11.4, and -9.9 kcal/mol, respectively. These six flavonoid derivatives from Karamunting fruit have better inhibition scores compared to simvastatin, indicating that these flavonoid derivatives can inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis better than simvastatin and have potential as anticholesterol drugs.

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